多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1482

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 3249-3262.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1482

多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展

吕莹¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 胡学武¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 陈素素¹^,³^,⁴, 刘兴宇¹^,³^,⁵(), 陈勃伟¹^,³^,⁵, 张明江¹^,³^,⁵

^1.有研科技集团有限公司生物冶金国家工程实验室，北京 101407
^2.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083
^3.有研资源环境技术研究院(北京)有限公司，北京 101407
^4.北京有色金属研究总院，北京 100088
^5.有研工程技术研究院有限公司，北京 101407

收稿日期:2020-07-13 修回日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2022-06-10 发布日期:2022-06-21
通讯作者: 刘兴宇
作者简介:吕莹（1994—），女，博士研究生, 研究方向为环境污染微生物修复。E-mail：lvying940904@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51974279);科军评[2018]159号;国家重点研发计划(2018YFC18018);广西科学研究与技术开发计划(GuikeAB16380287)

Advances in microbial remediation of soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

LYU Ying¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), HU Xuewu¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CHEN Susu¹^,³^,⁴, LIU Xingyu¹^,³^,⁵(), CHEN Bowei¹^,³^,⁵, ZHANG Mingjiang¹^,³^,⁵

^1.National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, GRINM Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 101407, China
^2.School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^3.GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 101407, China
^4.General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
^5.GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 101407, China

Received:2020-07-13 Revised:2020-07-29 Online:2022-06-10 Published:2022-06-21
Contact: LIU Xingyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染已成为一个严重的环境问题。因此，有必要开展低成本、高效的微生物修复技术研究。本文从土壤中PAHs的环境污染特征出发，结合近年来利用微生物修复技术去除土壤中PAHs的研究进展，剖析该技术工程应用存在的挑战及其解决策略。并对微生物与PAHs之间的作用机制进行介绍，指出细菌降解PAHs主要通过双加氧酶的作用，真菌降解PAHs利用的是单加氧酶，而藻类降解低环PAHs主要采用单加氧酶系统进行代谢，降解高环PAHs则主要采用双加氧酶系统进行代谢。最后提出了未来PAHs污染土壤修复技术的主要研究方向，包括建立高效降解菌筛选体系、构建混合菌群及基因工程菌、加强作用过程及代谢组学研究等方面，以期为我国土壤修复技术的产业化发展和大规模应用提供指导。

关键词: 多环芳烃, 土壤污染, 微生物修复, 降解机理

Abstract:

The pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil has become a serious environmental problem. Therefore, it is necessary to develop low cost and efficient technology of microbial remediation. Based on the environmental pollution characteristics of PAHs in soil, and combined with the research progress of removing PAHs from soil by microbial remediation technology in recent years, this paper analyzes the existing challenges and solutions of the engineering application. Then the mechanism of interaction between microorganisms and PAHs is introduced. It is pointed out that bacteria degrade PAHs mainly by dioxygenase, fungi degrade PAHs by monooxygenase, while algae degrade low-cyclic PAHs mainly by monooxygenase system, and high-cyclic PAHs mainly by dioxygenase system. Finally, the main research directions of remediation technology for PAHs contaminated soil in the future are proposed, including the establishment of screening system for efficient degrading bacteria, the construction of mixed microorganisms and genetically engineering bacteria, and the strengthening of the reaction process and metabonomics research, in order to provide guidance for the industrialization development and large-scale application of soil remediation technology in China.

Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soil contamination, microbial remediation, degradable mechanism

中图分类号:

吕莹, 胡学武, 陈素素, 刘兴宇, 陈勃伟, 张明江. 多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3249-3262.

LYU Ying, HU Xuewu, CHEN Susu, LIU Xingyu, CHEN Bowei, ZHANG Mingjiang. Advances in microbial remediation of soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3249-3262.

图/表 7

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种类	属名	菌株命名	PAHs	文献来源
细菌	红球菌属（Rhodococcus）	A2-3、qingshengii FF、P14、BAP-1、IcdP1	萘、芴、菲、芘、苯并芘、荧蒽、蒽、屈、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽	［14，16-21］
	假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）	SA3、ISTPY2、PA06、AH-40、PB1、PB2、P2	萘、芘、菲、芴	［22-26］
	棒杆菌属（Corynebacterium）	HRJ4	萘、菲、芘	［27-29］
	微球菌属（Micrococcus）	D12	萘、菲、荧蒽、芘	［30-32］
	产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）	YGD2906、BDB4、DFA4、AFS-5	菲、芘、苊、屈	［33-37］
	分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）	WY10、SBSW、YOWG、SKEY、EPa45、NJS-1、NJS-P、A1-PYR	菲、荧蒽、芘、荧蒽、蒽、苯并芘、芴、苯并蒽	［38-42］
	鞘脂菌属（Sphingobium）	MP9-4、FB3、B1、A4、KK22	菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并芘、萘、苊烯、苊、芴、屈、苯并荧蒽、茚并芘、苯并苝	［43-47］
放线菌	诺卡氏菌属（Nocardia）	TRH1、TSH1	萘、菲、芘、蒽	［48-49］
真菌	平革菌属（Phanerochaete）	HHB1625	菲、萘、芘、苯并蒽、蒽、苝、苯并芘	［50-53］
	侧耳属（Pleurotus）	F032、F043、D1、IBB903-A	芴、荧蒽、菲、蒽、芘、屈、萘、苊、苊烯、苯并菲、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苝	［54-58］
	云芝属（Trametes）	Zlh237、PBURU12	蒽、菲、芘、苯并芘、芴、蒽、苊、苊烯	［59-63］
	青霉属（Penicillium）	SYJ-1、NPDF1239-K3-F21	芘、苯并芘、菲、蒽、萘、荧蒽	［64-67］
	曲霉属（Aspergillus）	NPDF190-C1-26	萘、芘、菲、蒽、荧蒽、苊、芴、苯并蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苯并苝、茚并芘	［67-70］
	小克银汉霉属（Cunninghamella）	IM1785/21Gp、ATCC36112	菲、萘、苊、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、茚并芘	［71-73］
藻类	阿格门氏藻属（Agmenellum）	PR-6	菲、萘	［74-75］
	颤藻属（Oscillatoria）	JCM、OSC	萘、菲	［75-76］
	栅藻属（Scenedesmus）	ES-55	苯并蒽、苯并芘、甲基菲、菲	［77-79］
	月牙藻属（Selenastrum）		苯并芘、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、菲、荧蒽、芘、二苯并蒽、茚并芘、苯并苝	［80-82］

种类	属名	菌株命名	PAHs	文献来源
细菌	红球菌属（Rhodococcus）	A2-3、qingshengii FF、P14、BAP-1、IcdP1	萘、芴、菲、芘、苯并芘、荧蒽、蒽、屈、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽	［14，16-21］
	假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）	SA3、ISTPY2、PA06、AH-40、PB1、PB2、P2	萘、芘、菲、芴	［22-26］
	棒杆菌属（Corynebacterium）	HRJ4	萘、菲、芘	［27-29］
	微球菌属（Micrococcus）	D12	萘、菲、荧蒽、芘	［30-32］
	产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）	YGD2906、BDB4、DFA4、AFS-5	菲、芘、苊、屈	［33-37］
	分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）	WY10、SBSW、YOWG、SKEY、EPa45、NJS-1、NJS-P、A1-PYR	菲、荧蒽、芘、荧蒽、蒽、苯并芘、芴、苯并蒽	［38-42］
	鞘脂菌属（Sphingobium）	MP9-4、FB3、B1、A4、KK22	菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并芘、萘、苊烯、苊、芴、屈、苯并荧蒽、茚并芘、苯并苝	［43-47］
放线菌	诺卡氏菌属（Nocardia）	TRH1、TSH1	萘、菲、芘、蒽	［48-49］
真菌	平革菌属（Phanerochaete）	HHB1625	菲、萘、芘、苯并蒽、蒽、苝、苯并芘	［50-53］
	侧耳属（Pleurotus）	F032、F043、D1、IBB903-A	芴、荧蒽、菲、蒽、芘、屈、萘、苊、苊烯、苯并菲、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苝	［54-58］
	云芝属（Trametes）	Zlh237、PBURU12	蒽、菲、芘、苯并芘、芴、蒽、苊、苊烯	［59-63］
	青霉属（Penicillium）	SYJ-1、NPDF1239-K3-F21	芘、苯并芘、菲、蒽、萘、荧蒽	［64-67］
	曲霉属（Aspergillus）	NPDF190-C1-26	萘、芘、菲、蒽、荧蒽、苊、芴、苯并蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苯并苝、茚并芘	［67-70］
	小克银汉霉属（Cunninghamella）	IM1785/21Gp、ATCC36112	菲、萘、苊、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、茚并芘	［71-73］
藻类	阿格门氏藻属（Agmenellum）	PR-6	菲、萘	［74-75］
	颤藻属（Oscillatoria）	JCM、OSC	萘、菲	［75-76］
	栅藻属（Scenedesmus）	ES-55	苯并蒽、苯并芘、甲基菲、菲	［77-79］
	月牙藻属（Selenastrum）		苯并芘、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、菲、荧蒽、芘、二苯并蒽、茚并芘、苯并苝	［80-82］

环境条件	污染物	最佳条件	重要结论	文献来源
土壤水分	总石油烃（TPH）和多环芳烃（PAHs）	湿度为15%～30%	过高的湿度限制了空气在地下的流动，从而降低了氧气的可用性，而缺乏水分则抑制了微生物的活动	［85］
土壤含氧量	PAHs	液相体系对（PAHs去除效果显著优于半固相体系）	相对均匀的液相生物反应器保证了较高的氧传质，从而导致体系中PAHs的解吸速率、好氧菌的活性均高于半固相体系	［101］
土壤含氧量	蒽	培养阶段中增加曝气	促进蒽的生物降解及其过氧化物酶介导的氧化产物蒽醌的积累	［102］
营养物质含量	苯并[a]芘	添加适量的酵母粉	提高污染物的生物可降解性	［103］
营养物质含量	荧蒽	添加适量的麦芽糖	营养物质的加入促进微生物的生长代谢	［104］
土壤酸碱度	菲	pH=7	酸碱度过高或过低导致微生物活性降低或者死亡	［105］
土壤酸碱度	总石油烃（TPH）	pH=7.5	土壤的酸碱度直接影响微生物的生物活性	［106］
温度	菲	维持适当的培养温度	植物组织的质外体和共质体中的菲积累量与温度具有相关性	［107］
温度	菲	培养温度为30～37℃	温度直接影响微生物的生长繁殖及其代谢活动	［108］

环境条件	污染物	最佳条件	重要结论	文献来源
土壤水分	总石油烃（TPH）和多环芳烃（PAHs）	湿度为15%～30%	过高的湿度限制了空气在地下的流动，从而降低了氧气的可用性，而缺乏水分则抑制了微生物的活动	［85］
土壤含氧量	PAHs	液相体系对（PAHs去除效果显著优于半固相体系）	相对均匀的液相生物反应器保证了较高的氧传质，从而导致体系中PAHs的解吸速率、好氧菌的活性均高于半固相体系	［101］
土壤含氧量	蒽	培养阶段中增加曝气	促进蒽的生物降解及其过氧化物酶介导的氧化产物蒽醌的积累	［102］
营养物质含量	苯并[a]芘	添加适量的酵母粉	提高污染物的生物可降解性	［103］
营养物质含量	荧蒽	添加适量的麦芽糖	营养物质的加入促进微生物的生长代谢	［104］
土壤酸碱度	菲	pH=7	酸碱度过高或过低导致微生物活性降低或者死亡	［105］
土壤酸碱度	总石油烃（TPH）	pH=7.5	土壤的酸碱度直接影响微生物的生物活性	［106］
温度	菲	维持适当的培养温度	植物组织的质外体和共质体中的菲积累量与温度具有相关性	［107］
温度	菲	培养温度为30～37℃	温度直接影响微生物的生长繁殖及其代谢活动	［108］

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多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展

Advances in microbial remediation of soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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