禾本科植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1571

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 3736-3748.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1571

禾本科植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展

刘柏成¹^,²(), 李法云¹^,³(), 赵琦慧¹^,², 吝美霞¹^,⁴

^1.上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院，上海 201418
^2.上海城市路域生态工程技术研究中心，上海 201418
^3.美丽中国与生态文明研究院（上海高校智库），上海 201418
^4.湖南农业大学资源环境学院，湖南长沙 410128

收稿日期:2022-08-24 修回日期:2022-10-04 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-14
通讯作者: 李法云
作者简介:刘柏成（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为有机污染土壤修复技术。E-mail：13654027288@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1808802);上海市地方能力建设计划(20090503200)

Research progress on remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil by Gramineae plants

LIU Baicheng¹^,²(), LI Fayun¹^,³(), ZHAO Qihui¹^,², LIN Meixia¹^,⁴

^1.School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
^2.Center for Urban Road Ecological Engineering and Technology of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai 201418, China
^3.Institute of Beautiful China and Ecological Civilization, University Think Tank of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai 201418, China
^4.School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China

Received:2022-08-24 Revised:2022-10-04 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-14
Contact: LI Fayun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一种难生物降解的有机污染物，其污染土壤的高效植物修复技术研发一直是环境修复技术领域极富挑战性的研究课题。植物修复技术具有绿色低碳、经济高效、效果稳定及修复过程安全等优点，在土壤修复行业应用潜力大。禾本科植物在PAHs污染土壤修复方面具有生长周期短、生物量大、覆盖面广、根系发达、抗逆性强等优点，其对土壤中PAHs污染物的降解研究一直方兴未艾。本文探讨了禾本科植物对PAHs污染土壤的修复机理、效果及强化修复方法，阐述了禾本科植物修复PAHs污染土壤的研究现状及发展趋势。

关键词: 植物修复, 禾本科植物, 多环芳烃, 土壤修复, 根际分泌物

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a kind of organic pollutant which is difficult to biodegrade. Research and development of efficient phytoremediation of contaminated soil has always been a challenging task. Phytoremediation technology has the advantages of green and low carbon, low cost, stable effect and safe remediation process, so it has great potential in soil remediation. Gramineae has the advantages of short growth cycle, large biomass, wide coverage, developed root system and strong stress resistance in the remediation of PAHs contaminated soil, and its research on the degradation of PAHs pollutants in soil has been in the ascendant. In this paper, the remediation mechanism, effects and enhanced remediation methods of PAHs contaminated soil by Gramineae plants were discussed, and the research status and development trend of Gramineae remediation of PAHs contaminated soil were expounded.

Key words: phytoremediation, Gramineae, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soil remediation, rhizosphere exudates

中图分类号:

刘柏成, 李法云, 赵琦慧, 吝美霞. 禾本科植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3736-3748.

LIU Baicheng, LI Fayun, ZHAO Qihui, LIN Meixia. Research progress on remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil by Gramineae plants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3736-3748.

图/表 12

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指标	多年生黑麦草	白三叶
生物量/g^[21]	13.09±1.78/盆（10株）	3.05±0.13/盆（10株）
地下部PAHs含量/µg·kg^-1[21]	733.0	576.7
生物富集系数BCF^[21]	0.085	0.061
总PAHs降解率^[21]	46.8%	40.6%

指标	多年生黑麦草	白三叶
生物量/g^[21]	13.09±1.78/盆（10株）	3.05±0.13/盆（10株）
地下部PAHs含量/µg·kg^-1[21]	733.0	576.7
生物富集系数BCF^[21]	0.085	0.061
总PAHs降解率^[21]	46.8%	40.6%

中文名	学名	科名	属名	分布区域
纳皮草（象草）	Pennisetum purpureum Schum.	禾本科	狼尾草属	原产非洲。引种中国、印度、缅甸、大洋洲及美洲
多年生芦苇金丝雀草（RCG）	Phalaris arundinacea L.	禾本科	虉草属	温带地区，但亚热带地区可栽培
芒草	Miscanthus	禾本科	芒属	国内外均有所分布
柳枝稷	Panicum virgatum L.	禾本科	稷属	温带、热带、亚热带地区均有所分布
五节芒	Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.) Warb. ex Schum.et Laut.	禾本科	芒属	主要分布在热带和亚热带地区

中文名	学名	科名	属名	分布区域
纳皮草（象草）	Pennisetum purpureum Schum.	禾本科	狼尾草属	原产非洲。引种中国、印度、缅甸、大洋洲及美洲
多年生芦苇金丝雀草（RCG）	Phalaris arundinacea L.	禾本科	虉草属	温带地区，但亚热带地区可栽培
芒草	Miscanthus	禾本科	芒属	国内外均有所分布
柳枝稷	Panicum virgatum L.	禾本科	稷属	温带、热带、亚热带地区均有所分布
五节芒	Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.) Warb. ex Schum.et Laut.	禾本科	芒属	主要分布在热带和亚热带地区

禾本科植物	污染物初始浓度	污染修复的效果
多花黑麦草 Lolium perenne L.	将5g土壤浸泡在含有菲的丙酮中，处理后的土壤与未受污染的土壤混合稀释，最终浓度分别为5mg/kg、50mg/kg和200mg/kg	在5mg/kg、50mg/kg和200mg/kg菲处理中，菲降解率分别为81.1%、90.4%和85.0%，而不加黑麦草的盆栽中菲降解率为73.5%、86.2%和67.6%^[45]
苏丹草 Sorghum vulgare	将400g的土壤称重，喷洒多环芳烃溶液（荧烯、菲、荧蒽和芘各1mg/mL），最终浓度为400mg/kg	苏丹草对多环芳烃的去除率在20d后达到最大值，去除率为98%~57%^[43]
玉米 Zea mays	将1mg、5mg和10mg的苯并[a]芘分别溶于25mL丙酮中，向土壤中添加苯并[a]芘。丙酮和苯并[a]芘的溶液与250g土壤混合，待丙酮在通风柜内完全挥发后再与750g土壤混合	在60d的温室种植中，观察到的苯并[a]芘单一污染土壤中的耗散率达到42%~63%^[46]
火凤凰，为禾本科组合植物，包括高羊茅和大羊茅等（Fire Phoenix）	按试验设计将污染土壤稀释至70.80~79.81mg/kg。∑8PAHs组成为：1.19~1.47mg/kg氟蒽，2.39~3.42mg/kg芘，2.71~2.88mg/kg苯并[a]蒽，1.27~3.68mg/kg，7.57~9.90mg/kg苯并[b]荧蒽，1.90~4.88mg/kg苯并[k]荧蒽，12.35~18.17mg/kg苯并[a]芘，38.18～40.06mg/kg二苯并[a,h]蒽	经150d培养，火凤凰对Σ8PAHs的降解率可达99.40%^[44]
高羊茅与柳枝稷	干净土壤受到¹⁴C-芘（Sigma Science）和未标记芘的污染，使芘的总浓度为50mg/kg	培养190d后，种植高羊茅和柳枝稷的土壤中¹⁴C-芘的矿化率为37.7%和30.4%，对照土壤中¹⁴C-芘的矿化率为4.3%^[47]

禾本科植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展

Research progress on remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil by Gramineae plants

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表面活性剂	组分	化学式	分子量	临界胶束浓度/mm	种类
Tween20^[56]	聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯	C₅₈H₁₁₄O₂₆	1227.54	0.12	非离子型合成表面活性剂
Tween80^[57]	聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯	C₁₇H₃₅COOS₆(OCH₂CH₂)₂₀OH	1309	0.027	非离子型合成表面活性剂
Brij35^[57]	聚（氧乙烯）23十二烷基醚	C₁₂H₂₅(OC₂CH₂)₂₃OH	1200	0.055	非离子型合成表面活性剂
CTAB^[58]	十六烷基三烷基溴化铵	CH₃(CH₂)₁₅NBr (CH₃)₃	364.45	0.784	阳离子型合成表面活性剂
DDEAB^[59]	十二烷基乙基二甲基溴化铵	(CH₃(CH₂)₁₁N⁺(CH₃)₂C₂H₅) Br	322.37	14	阳离子型合成表面活性剂
SDS^[57]	十二烷基硫酸钠	C₁₂H₂₅OSO₃Na	288.38	5.5	阴离子型合成表面活性剂

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