新型碳源聚乙醇酸对活性污泥性能及微生物群落的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1656

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 6705-6715.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1656

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

新型碳源聚乙醇酸对活性污泥性能及微生物群落的影响

李晨曦¹^,²(), 王志超¹^,²(), 李卫平¹^,², 托梓硕¹^,², 李志军³, 李国文⁴

^1.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院，内蒙古包头 014010
^2.黄河流域内蒙古段生态保护与综合利用自治区协同创新中心，内蒙古包头 014010
^3.大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116024
^4.中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012

收稿日期:2024-10-13 修回日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
通讯作者: 王志超
作者简介:李晨曦（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为城市污水处理。E-mail：lcx1808965188@163.com。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划(2023KJHZ0026);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2023MS05016);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(S20231166Z)

Effects of a novel carbon source polyglycolic acid on activated sludge performance and microbial community

LI Chenxi¹^,²(), WANG Zhichao¹^,²(), LI Weiping¹^,², TUO Zishuo¹^,², LI Zhijun³, LI Guowen⁴

^1.School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
^2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Autonomous Region for Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization in the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
^4.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2024-10-13 Revised:2024-12-30 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08
Contact: WANG Zhichao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究新型碳源聚乙醇酸（PGA）对污水处理中活性污泥性能的影响，本文基于序批式活性污泥工艺（SBR），设置了无碳源（A1）、新型碳源（PGA、A2）与常规碳源（甲醇、A3）的处理系统，探明了PGA碳源对活性污泥系统中污泥浓度、污泥沉降性能及污泥代谢活性的影响，并分析了其对微生物群落特征的影响。结果表明，以PGA为碳源的A2系统中活性污泥具有更好的长势及沉降性能，活性污泥的反硝化活性最高可达7.20mg NO $3 -$ -N/(g VSS·h)（VSS为挥发性悬浮固体），比A1对照系统[4.68mg NO $3 -$ -N/(g VSS·h)]提高了53.85%，而硝化活性未受到明显抑制；同时PGA碳源的样本（A2）具有较高的微生物群落多样性，Paracoccus（30.09%）、Dechloromonas（11.40%）和Bdellovibrio（7.74%）等功能性菌属的丰度较A1和A3系统显著提高。此外，PGA碳源提高了微生物群落中KEGG（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes）代谢功能通路的相对丰度，从而强化了系统整体的脱氮性能。本文可为污水处理过程中外加碳源的选择及实际应用提供参考依据。

关键词: 聚乙醇酸, 污泥性能, 代谢活性, 微生物群落, 功能预测

Abstract:

To evaluate the effect of the novel carbon source polyglycolic acid (PGA) on the performance of activated sludge in wastewater treatment, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process was employed. Three systems were set up: one without a carbon source (A1), one with PGA (A2), and one with a conventional carbon source, methanol (A3). The study investigated the effects of PGA on sludge concentration, settling capacity, and metabolic activity in the activated sludge system, along with its influence on microbial community characteristics. The results demonstrated that system A2, utilizing PGA as the carbon source, exhibited superior sludge growth and settling performance. The maximum denitrification activity in A2 reached 7.20mg NO $3 -$ -N/(g VSS·h), a 53.85% increase compared to the control system A1 [4.68mg NO $3 -$ -N/(g VSS·h)], without significant inhibition of nitrification activity. Additionally, A2 displayed higher microbial community diversity, with notable increases in the abundance of functional bacterial genera, including Paracoccus (30.09%), Dechloromonas (11.40%), and Bdellovibrio (7.74%), compared to A1 and A3. Furthermore, the PGA carbon source enhanced the relative abundance of KEGG metabolic functional pathways in the microbial community, thereby improving the overall nitrogen removal performance of the system. These findings provided valuable insights for the selection and practical application of external carbon sources in wastewater treatment processes.

Key words: polyglycolic acid (PGA), sludge performance, metabolic activity, microbial community, functional prediction

中图分类号:

X703.1

李晨曦, 王志超, 李卫平, 托梓硕, 李志军, 李国文. 新型碳源聚乙醇酸对活性污泥性能及微生物群落的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6705-6715.

LI Chenxi, WANG Zhichao, LI Weiping, TUO Zishuo, LI Zhijun, LI Guowen. Effects of a novel carbon source polyglycolic acid on activated sludge performance and microbial community[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6705-6715.

图/表 13

图1 实验装置示意图

图2 PGA的结构式和晶体结构

表1 常规指标及分析方法

分析项目	分析方法（仪器）
COD_Cr（重铬酸钾法）	COD快速测定仪
NH $4 +$ -N浓度	纳氏试剂分光光度法
TN浓度	过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法
NO $3 -$ -N浓度	紫外分光光度法
NO $2 -$ -N浓度	N-1(1-萘基)-乙二胺分光光度法
pH	pH计（PHS-25）
DO	便携式溶解氧仪（WTW-Multi3420）
MLSS、MLVSS	称重法
SVI	沉降法

表1 常规指标及分析方法

分析项目	分析方法（仪器）
COD_Cr（重铬酸钾法）	COD快速测定仪
NH $4 +$ -N浓度	纳氏试剂分光光度法
TN浓度	过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法
NO $3 -$ -N浓度	紫外分光光度法
NO $2 -$ -N浓度	N-1(1-萘基)-乙二胺分光光度法
pH	pH计（PHS-25）
DO	便携式溶解氧仪（WTW-Multi3420）
MLSS、MLVSS	称重法
SVI	沉降法

表2 各系统中COD、TN的去除率

样本	COD去除率/%	TN去除率/%
A1	60.69±2.08	52.63±0.83
A2	91.77±0.68	84.65±1.71
A3	93.57±1.83	83.78±0.65

图3 各反应器内污泥MLSS和MLVSS的变化

图4 各反应器内污泥SVI和SV30/SV5的变化

图5 各反应器内污泥的硝化活性

图6 各反应器不同阶段NO3--N的利用率

表3 各样本不同阶段反硝化速率

样本	反硝化速率/mg NO $3 -$ -N·g^-1 VSS·h^-1
样本	0~90min	90~210min	210~300min
A1	4.68	1.23	1.19
A2	7.20	4.08	1.12
A3	8.82	2.93	1.05

表3 各样本不同阶段反硝化速率

样本	反硝化速率/mg NO $3 -$ -N·g^-1 VSS·h^-1
样本	0~90min	90~210min	210~300min
A1	4.68	1.23	1.19
A2	7.20	4.08	1.12
A3	8.82	2.93	1.05

表4 各样本比耗氧速率

样本	SOUR/mg O₂·g^-1 VSS·h^-1
A1	20.94
A2	24.63
A3	23.55

表5 微生物α多样性指数

样品	Shannon	Chao1	ACE	Simpson	coverge	原始序列数
A1	3.919	1347.735	1398.332	0.0804	0.9955	80133
A2	4.788	1527.013	1657.362	0.0388	0.9962	89561
A3	4.776	1553.320	1617.281	0.0398	0.9953	89153

图7 属水平微生物群落相对丰度

图8 KEGG微生物功能注释丰度

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新型碳源聚乙醇酸对活性污泥性能及微生物群落的影响

Effects of a novel carbon source polyglycolic acid on activated sludge performance and microbial community

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