聚酯纤维微塑料胁迫下活性污泥系统性能及微生物群落的变化情况

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚酯纤维是污水处理厂中微塑料的一个重要来源，但聚酯纤维对废水生物处理的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用实验室规模序批式反应器（sequencing batch reactor，SBR）处理模拟洗衣废水，考察不同浓度（0、10mg/L、1000mg/L），长1mm、直径20µm的聚酯纤维微塑料对反应器性能和微生物群落结构的响应。结果表明，聚酯纤维微塑料在污泥中不断积累，但反应器的处理性能未受到明显影响，具有较高的净化能力。同时，聚酯纤维微塑料的持续暴露使得污泥的沉降性能变差，并抑制了胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances，EPS）的分泌。高浓度聚酯纤维微塑料胁迫下，污泥微生物群落的丰度和多样性增加。独岛菌属（Dokdonella）是活性污泥中相对丰度最高的脱氮菌属，随着聚酯纤维微塑料浓度的增加，反硝化菌属相对丰度也增加。本研究表明，在一定时期内丝状类聚酯纤维微塑料对污水生物处理性能的影响不显著，但对污泥微生物群落有一定的选择性。

关键词: 序批式反应器, 聚酯纤维, 微塑料, 胞外聚合物, 微生物群落

Abstract:

Polyester fiber is an important source of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, but the effect of polyester fiber on wastewater biological treatment is not clear. In this study, the response of polyester fiber microplastics with different concentrations (0, 10mg/L, 1000mg/L) of 1mm in length and 20µm in diameter to the reactor performance and microbial community structure was investigated in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that polyester fiber microplastics accumulated continuously in the sludge, but the treatment performance of the reactor was not significantly affected, with high purification capacity. At the same time, the continuous exposure of polyester fiber microplastics made the sludge settling performance worse and inhibited the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Under the stress of high concentration of polyester fiber microplastics, the abundance and diversity of sludge microbial community increased. Dokdonella was the most abundant denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge, and the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria increased with the increase of polyester fiber microplastic concentration. This study showed that filamentous polyester fiber microplastics had no significant effect on the biological treatment performance of sewage, but had certain selectivity to sludge microbial community in a certain period.

Key words: sequencing batch reactor, polyester fiber, microplastics, extracellular polymeric substances, microbial community

中图分类号:

X703

胡璇, 陈滢. 聚酯纤维微塑料胁迫下活性污泥系统性能及微生物群落的变化情况[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1051-1060.

HU Xuan, CHEN Ying. Effects of exposure of polyester fiber microplastics on activated sludge system performance and microbial community structure[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 1051-1060.

图/表 12

图1 PET暴露前后COD、TN、NH4+-N的变化

表1 出水水质参数

SBR反应器

COD

/mg·L^-1

COD去除率

/mg·L^-1

TN去除率

NH₄⁺-N

/mg·L^-1

NH₄⁺-N去除率

NO₃^--N

/mg·L^-1

NO₂^--N

/mg·L^-1

图2 PET暴露后NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N在4h内的浓度变化

图3 不同浓度PET暴露下的比氨氧化速率和硝态氮比产率

图4 不同浓度PET暴露下的活性污泥

图5 PET暴露前后的FTIR光谱图

图6 PET暴露后SVI、MLSS、MLVSS/MLSS的变化

图7 PET暴露后EPS的变化

表2 PET对活性污泥微生物群落结构多样性的影响

样品	Ace	Chao 1	Shannon	Simpson	覆盖率
CK	780.11	769.44	2.95	0.23	0.99
S1	776.40	765.46	3.05	0.20	0.99
S2	806.64	795.42	3.07	0.21	0.99

图8 不同PET浓度下污泥样品的Venn图分析（重叠部分的数字代表多个分组中共有的物种数目，非重叠部分的数字代表对应分组所特有的物种数目）

图9 不同PET浓度下微生物群落的相对丰度（门水平）

图10 不同PET浓度下脱氮除磷功能菌属热图

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