超深井钻井液用聚合物降滤失剂研究现状及发展趋势

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0559

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超深地层钻井面临超高温、超高压、超高应力等复杂地质环境以及钻遇盐膏层、裂缝发育地层，导致钻井液降滤失剂等关键材料发生断裂、蜷曲等构象转变，造成钻井过程中滤失量增大、流变性能恶化等复杂情况。因此，本文从优化线型聚合物分子结构、调控聚合物凝聚态结构、利用纳米复合技术角度出发，对超深井钻井液用聚合物降滤失剂的研究进展进行综述，指出现有3种方法所存在的不足，并提出采用纳微米球形或超支化树形结构、深入研究两性离子聚合物基团间的协同增效机理、引入带疏水基团的材料提高纳米材料的分散稳定性、采用分子模拟与室内实验相结合等方法研发高性能、普适性强的聚合物降滤失剂，并且未来应结合人工智能和大数据技术提高钻井液的自我调节和优化功能。

关键词: 超深井, 超高温, 钻井液, 聚合物, 降滤失剂

Abstract:

Drilling in ultra-deep formation is faced with complex geological environment such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-high pressure and ultra-high stress, as well as salt paste layer and fractured formation, which leads to conformational changes such as fracture and twisting of key materials such as fluid loss reducer in drilling fluid, resulting in complex situations such as increased fluid loss and deterioration of rheological properties during drilling. Therefore, from the perspectives of optimizing linear polymer molecular structure, and regulating polymer condensed state structure and nano-composite technology, this paper reviewed the research progress of polymer fluid loss reducer for ultra-deep drilling fluid and pointed out the shortcomings of the existing three methods. In addition, it was proposed to use nano micron spherical or hyperbranched tree structure, further study the synergistic mechanism between zwitterionic polymer groups, introduce materials with hydrophobic groups to improve the dispersion stability of nanomaterials, and use molecular simulation combined with laboratory experiments to develop polymer filtration reduction agents with high performance and strong universality. Moreover, artificial intelligence and big data technology should be combined to improve the self-regulation and optimization function of drilling fluid.

Key words: ultra deep well, ultra high temperature, drilling fluid, polymer, fluid loss reducer

中图分类号:

TE254

邓雪菲, 吕开河, 黎剑, 孙金声, 樊俊豪, 廖婷, 黄宁. 超深井钻井液用聚合物降滤失剂研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2119-2132.

DENG Xuefei, LYU Kaihe, LI Jian, SUN Jinsheng, FAN Junhao, LIAO Ting, HUANG Ning. Research status and development trend of polymer fluid loss reducer for ultra-deep drilling fluid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2119-2132.

图/表 16

图1 HTP-1的合成反应式和AATN在云母片上的微观形貌

图2 PAAV中4-乙烯基吡啶单体的阳离子化和去离子化随pH的变化[32]

图3 AAV聚合物降滤失剂的作用机制[33]

图4 膨润土与聚合物之间可能的相互作用[39]

图5 LDMS的降滤失机理[45]

图6 β-环糊精的形状和特性[46]

图7 ASML在高温高矿化度条件下的降滤失机理示意图[48]

图8 DDAM合成路线及结构图[54]

图9 聚合物PLY-F增强网络的交叉结构[55]

图10 梳形聚合物结构

图11 梳状共聚物降滤失剂化学式[61]

图12 超支化聚合物结构和1%PPAAN-1溶液的扫描电子显微镜图像[65]

图13 NS-ANAD降滤失机理示意图[69]

图14 NS-DAD与膨润土相互作用机理图[75]

图15 聚合物插层复合材料

表1 各类降滤失材料优缺点

降滤失材料	改性方法	优点	缺点	作用机理
淀粉类	交联、醚化、接枝共聚	成本低，对环境友好，有一定的抗盐能力	抗温能力差^[80]，一般不高于130℃	吸附作用、桥联作用
纤维素类	醚化、接枝共聚	生物降解性强^[81]，可抗钙、抗饱和盐	抗温能力不足，最高达180℃	吸附和包被
腐殖酸类	磺化、共聚	降黏作用明显^[82]，抗温性良好，共聚类产品抗温可达240℃	磺化产品有毒并且污染环境	吸附作用
合成聚合物类	—	单体可调，结构可控，分子链热稳定性好	极端条件易失效，部分产品降解性差，对环境有污染	吸附和包被高分子链缠绕和桥联
无机/有机复合材料类	—	抗温、抗盐性能优异^[83]	成本高，配方复杂，污染环境	协同作用

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