新型汞离子吸附材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0153

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 899-913.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0153

新型汞离子吸附材料研究进展

张爱京¹(), 王桢钰¹, 肖宁宁², 宋艳娜¹, 李军³, 冯江涛¹(), 延卫¹

^1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，西安市固体废物资源化利用重点实验室，陕西西安 710049
^2.西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院，陕西西安 710049
^3.渭南市环境科学研究中心，陕西渭南 714000

收稿日期:2024-01-19 修回日期:2024-03-12 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-10
通讯作者: 冯江涛
作者简介:张爱京（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为环境吸附材料设计。E-mail：zaj409@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52070155)

Research progress on novel adsorption materials for mercury ion

ZHANG Aijing¹(), WANG Zhenyu¹, XIAO Ningning², SONG Yanna¹, LI Jun³, FENG Jiangtao¹(), YAN Wei¹

^1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^2.School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^3.Weinan Environmental Science Research Center Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-01-19 Revised:2024-03-12 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-10
Contact: FENG Jiangtao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

汞污染来源广泛、排放量大，已成为世界上最严重的十大污染源之一。在众多汞离子去除技术中，吸附法由于具有高效且经济的特点，成为了较为成熟且应用广泛的处理技术。性能优异的吸附剂是吸附法的关键，而传统的吸附材料吸附性能有限。基于此，本文介绍了近年来报道的金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）、共价有机框架材料（COFs）、共轭微孔聚合物（CMPs）、导电聚合物、二维过渡金属碳（氮）化物（MXenes）和复合材料等新型汞离子吸附材料，详细论述了这些吸附材料的结构特征及其与汞离子的吸附特性之间的关系。总结了水中汞离子吸附材料的发展前景，指出调节材料结构以及添加特定官能团是进一步研发新材料的方向，希望对新型汞离子吸附材料的设计和开发提供一定参考和启发。

关键词: 汞离子吸附, 金属有机骨架, 共价有机框架, 共轭微孔聚合物, 二维过渡金属碳（氮）化物

Abstract:

Mercury pollution has a wide range of sources and emissions and has become one of the ten most serious pollution sources in the world because of extensive source and massive emission. Among the many mercury ion removal technologies, adsorption has evolved into a more sophisticated and extensively adopted processing technology because of its high efficiency and low cost. The key to adsorption is the adsorbent with excellent performance, while the adsorption performance of traditional adsorption materials is limited. Based on this, this paper summarized the novel adsorption materials for mercury ion in recent years, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), conductive polymers, MXenes and composite materials. The relationship between the structural characteristics of these materials and their adsorption properties for mercury ions was discussed in detail. The prospect of mercury ion adsorption materials in water was summarized. It was pointed out that adjusting the structure of the material and adding specific functional groups were the directions for further research and development of new materials. It was hoped that this paper can provided some reference and inspiration for the design and development of the research of novel adsorption materials for mercury ion.

Key words: mercury adsorption, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, conjugated microporous polymers, 2-dimensional transition metal carbon (nitrogen) compounds

中图分类号:

张爱京, 王桢钰, 肖宁宁, 宋艳娜, 李军, 冯江涛, 延卫. 新型汞离子吸附材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(2): 899-913.

ZHANG Aijing, WANG Zhenyu, XIAO Ningning, SONG Yanna, LI Jun, FENG Jiangtao, YAN Wei. Research progress on novel adsorption materials for mercury ion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(2): 899-913.

图/表 14

参考文献 79

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名称	优点	缺点
化学沉淀法	适合处理汞含量高的废水	易产生大量废渣、处理不彻底、导致二次污染
离子交换法	适用于处理低浓度废水、无二次污染	受水中杂质，交换剂种类、用量和成本的影响大
电化学法	操作简单、可直接回收金属汞	耗能高、成本高、对低浓度废水处理效果不佳
生物法	高效率、高选择性	培育研发时间长、处理条件较苛刻
吸附法	高效、工艺简单、可进行深度处理、二次污染小	吸附剂用量较大

名称	优点	缺点
化学沉淀法	适合处理汞含量高的废水	易产生大量废渣、处理不彻底、导致二次污染
离子交换法	适用于处理低浓度废水、无二次污染	受水中杂质，交换剂种类、用量和成本的影响大
电化学法	操作简单、可直接回收金属汞	耗能高、成本高、对低浓度废水处理效果不佳
生物法	高效率、高选择性	培育研发时间长、处理条件较苛刻
吸附法	高效、工艺简单、可进行深度处理、二次污染小	吸附剂用量较大

分类	优点	缺点
金属有机骨架	高比表面积、高孔隙率、结构可调节	稳定性较差、容易造成金属离子二次污染
共价有机框架	高比表面积、孔结构规则、稳定性好	合成较难、成本较高、难以大量制备
共轭微孔聚合物	高比表面积、孔隙结构可调节、材料结构可调节	合成较为复杂、一定条件下不稳定
导电聚合物	易于合成/功能化、良好的掺杂/脱掺杂性能、良好的热/机械稳定性	低比表面积、难以控制链长度和取向、掺杂物容易脱落
MXenes	高比表面积、表面具有大量活性官能团、层状结构	表面官能团易氧化、机械强度差、易层状堆叠
复合材料	结合多种材料的优点	制备复杂、吸附容量较低

分类	优点	缺点
金属有机骨架	高比表面积、高孔隙率、结构可调节	稳定性较差、容易造成金属离子二次污染
共价有机框架	高比表面积、孔结构规则、稳定性好	合成较难、成本较高、难以大量制备
共轭微孔聚合物	高比表面积、孔隙结构可调节、材料结构可调节	合成较为复杂、一定条件下不稳定
导电聚合物	易于合成/功能化、良好的掺杂/脱掺杂性能、良好的热/机械稳定性	低比表面积、难以控制链长度和取向、掺杂物容易脱落
MXenes	高比表面积、表面具有大量活性官能团、层状结构	表面官能团易氧化、机械强度差、易层状堆叠
复合材料	结合多种材料的优点	制备复杂、吸附容量较低

MOFs分类	优点	缺点
拉瓦锡骨架材料	结晶度好、结构可调节、发达的孔隙结构、高比表面积	生产成本高、脆性、难以加工
类沸石咪唑骨架材料	高孔隙率、高比表面积、结构可调节、稳定性较好	吸附汞离子后容易形成二次金属离子污染、孔径大小不易调控
UiO系列MOFs	高比表面积、结构可调节、高度稳定性、环境适应性好	需要制造表面缺陷结构来提高吸附容量

新型汞离子吸附材料研究进展

Research progress on novel adsorption materials for mercury ion

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参考文献 79

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Metrics

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分类	材料名称	吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	K_d/mL·g^-1	参考文献
MOFs
MILs	SH-MIL-101	250.0		[30]
	MIL88A-SH	1111.1	1.0×10⁵	[31]
	SH-MIL-68(In)	450.0		[32]
ZIFs	ZnS-ZIF-8	925.9		[38]
	ZIF-67	1740	2.3×10⁴	[39]
	ZIF-8	2195.1	1.8×10⁴	[40]
UiO	UiO-66-SH	785.0		[42]
UiO	UiO-66-DMTD	670.5		[27]
COFs	COF-S-SH	1350	2.3×10⁹	[45]
	COF-SH	1283		[53]
	JNU-3	960	1.42×10⁶	[54]
	JNU-4	561		[54]
	TpTch-90	4270		[55]
	TpTch-120	4277	4.6×10⁶	[55]
CMPs	HCMP-1	604		[58]
	CMPA-M	975		[59]
	CMPPDA	1582.6	1.4×10⁵	[60]
导电聚合物	PPy/MAA	1736.8		[67]
	PPy@L-Cyst	2042.7		[68]
	PPyCE	684.59	1.79×10⁵	[69]
	PPD4CBA	1400	1.27×10⁵	[70]
MXenes	Ti₃C₂T _x -MXenes/Fe₃O₄	1128.41		[73]
MXenes	二维MXenes	1057.33		[74]
复合材料	In₂S₃@MIL-101	518	2.2×10⁷	[75]
	Se/CNF	943.4		[76]
	MCTP	515.46		[77]
	Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-G2.0-S	605.8		[78]

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