超滤膜技术概述

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0772

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当今社会，超滤作为一种新型膜分离技术，应用的领域十分广泛，而且也获得了良好的效果。本文首先介绍了超滤技术的原理、四大有机高分子膜材料和相转化制膜中常用的浸没沉淀法和溶剂蒸发法，然后简述了超滤膜的优点、四大领域的应用、三大污染物质及防治措施，并把超滤膜技术多年后的研究方向和未来前景总结出来。指出超滤膜具有在水处理净化、食品提纯和中药分离等方面的诸多优势，接下来在广泛总结颗粒物、有机物和微生物污染的基础上，通过针对性的污染类别，遴选出高效的处理措施，并且能够显著提升超滤膜的抗菌抗污染性能，从而为超滤膜发展和实践运用提供可能。文中提出：今后研究的重点将是制备高性能、低成本、绿色化的超滤膜，并与其他膜分离技术协同作用于生产生活。

关键词: 超滤, 膜, 分离, 膜应用, 膜污染

Abstract:

In today's society, ultrafiltration, as a new type of membrane separation technology, has a wide range of applications and has achieved good results. This article first introduces the principle of ultrafiltration technology, the four major organic polymer membrane materials and the commonly used immersion precipitation method and solvent evaporation method in phase inversion membrane production, and then briefly describes the advantages of ultrafiltration membranes, the applications in the four major fields, and the three types of membranes. Major pollutants and mitigation measures, and summarize the research direction and future prospects of ultrafiltration membrane technology after many years. It is pointed out that ultrafiltration membranes have many advantages in water treatment and purification, food purification, and separation of Chinese medicine. Next, based on a wide-ranging summary of particulate matter, organic matter and microbial pollution, efficient treatment measures are selected through targeted pollution categories. And it can significantly improve the antibacterial and anti-pollution performance of the ultrafiltration membrane, thereby providing the possibility for the development and practical application of the ultrafiltration membrane. The focus of future research will be to prepare high-performance, low-cost, green ultrafiltration membranes, and to work together with other membrane separation technologies in production and life.

Key words: ultrafiltration, membrane, separation, membrane application, membrane fouling

中图分类号:

TQ028

黄凯楠, 吉学智, 王飞, 高成云, 卢静琼. 超滤膜技术概述[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S2): 219-225.

HUANG Kainan, JI Xuezhi, WANG Fei, GAO Chengyun, LU Jingqiong. Overview of ultrafiltration membrane technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S2): 219-225.

图/表 2

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类别	举例	特点
纤维素酯类	三乙酸纤维素（CTA）、二乙酸纤维素（CA）、混合纤维素（CA-CN）等	纤维素类膜在自然界种比较丰富，易亲水，易成孔，材料来源广泛、稳定，成本较低
聚砜类	聚砜（PSF）、聚醚砜（PES）、磺化聚砜（SPS）等	膜易成型，机械强度高，热稳定性和化学稳定性等综合性能好
聚烯烃类	聚丙烯（PP）和聚丙烯腈（PAN）等	膜化学性能、机械性能较好
氟材料	聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）等	拥有极优良的机械强度，而且耐高温、耐腐蚀性能优异，多用于强酸、强碱和众多有机溶剂，因此价格比较昂贵

类别	举例	特点
纤维素酯类	三乙酸纤维素（CTA）、二乙酸纤维素（CA）、混合纤维素（CA-CN）等	纤维素类膜在自然界种比较丰富，易亲水，易成孔，材料来源广泛、稳定，成本较低
聚砜类	聚砜（PSF）、聚醚砜（PES）、磺化聚砜（SPS）等	膜易成型，机械强度高，热稳定性和化学稳定性等综合性能好
聚烯烃类	聚丙烯（PP）和聚丙烯腈（PAN）等	膜化学性能、机械性能较好
氟材料	聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）等	拥有极优良的机械强度，而且耐高温、耐腐蚀性能优异，多用于强酸、强碱和众多有机溶剂，因此价格比较昂贵

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