微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0420

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 951-963.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0420

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的研究进展

陈诗雨¹^,²(), 许志成¹, 杨婧³, 徐浩¹^,²(), 延卫¹^,²

^1.西安交通大学环境科学与工程系，陕西西安 710049
^2.浙江西安交通大学研究院，浙江杭州 311200
^3.中国环境监测总站，国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室，北京 100012

收稿日期:2021-03-02 修回日期:2021-05-11 出版日期:2022-02-05 发布日期:2022-02-23
通讯作者: 徐浩
作者简介:陈诗雨（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为微生物燃料电池。E-mail：csywork6957@163.com。
基金资助:
西安交通大学基本科研业务费项目(xjh012020037);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LZY21E080003)

Research progress of microbial fuel cell in wastewater treatment

CHEN Shiyu¹^,²(), XU Zhicheng¹, YANG Jing³, XU Hao¹^,²(), YAN Wei¹^,²

^1.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^2.Research Institute of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
^3.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2021-03-02 Revised:2021-05-11 Online:2022-02-05 Published:2022-02-23
Contact: XU Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球工业化进程加快，水污染和能源短缺问题日益严重。微生物燃料电池（MFC）作为一种新型微生物电化学工艺，可以在降解有机物的同时产电，具有清洁、节能、经济等优势，引起人们的广泛关注，成为水处理领域的研究前沿。本文首先介绍了MFC原理和电子传递机制，分析影响其处理性能的关键因素（阳极材料、阴极材料、接种微生物、反应器构型和系统运行参数）；然后回顾了近年来MFC在废水（生活废水、农业废水和工业废水）处理领域的应用，并拓展性地阐述了MFC与其他技术（电芬顿、光催化、人工湿地系统和微生物电解池）的耦合应用；最后指出MFC存在的问题，并提出未来可行的发展方向，包括深度挖掘机理、优化接种微生物种群、改进装置材料与构型、改善进水模式与运行参数和研究新的耦合系统等。

关键词: 微生物燃料电池, 废水处理, 技术原理, 影响因素, 技术耦合, 电化学

Abstract:

Water pollution and energy crisis are becoming increasingly severe, derived from rapid global industrialization. As a new type of bioelectrochemical process, microbial fuel cell (MFC) can generate electricity through degrading organic matter, which is endowed with attractive superiorities in terms of cleanliness, energy saving and economy. Therefore, many researchers have attached extensive attention on this hotspot. This article firstly introduces the working principle and electron transfer mechanism of MFC, as well as analyzes the key factors affecting its performance (i.e. anode material, cathode material, microbial inoculation, reactor configuration and system operating parameters). Secondly, the investigations of MFC in wastewater treatment in recent years are critically reviewed, especially domestic wastewater, agricultural wastewater and industrial wastewater. Then, the various coupling applications of MFC with other technologies are expatiated, including electro-Fenton, photocatalysis, constructed wetland system and microbial electrolytic cell. Finally, we point out the problems confronted by MFC at present, and propose feasible survey directions for its prospects with comprehensive consideration, especially, thorough investigation of mechanisms, optimization of inoculated microbial populations, improvement of materials and configurations, promotion of inflow modes and operating parameters, as well as development of new hybrid systems coupling with other technologies.

Key words: microbial fuel cell, wastewater treatment, technical principles, influencing factors, technical coupling, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

X703.1

陈诗雨, 许志成, 杨婧, 徐浩, 延卫. 微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 951-963.

CHEN Shiyu, XU Zhicheng, YANG Jing, XU Hao, YAN Wei. Research progress of microbial fuel cell in wastewater treatment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 951-963.

图/表 9

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MFC构型	优点	缺点
单室型	内阻小、输出功率高	氧气易扩散至阳极
双室型	操作简单，稳定性高	传质阻力较大，产电密度较低
平板式	两极间距小、内阻小，输出功率高	氧气易渗透至阳极
升流式	实现连续进料，增大废水处理容量	操作不稳定
堆栈式	增大废水处理容量，提高输出功率，增加COD去除率	电压、电极反转，操作不稳定

MFC构型	优点	缺点
单室型	内阻小、输出功率高	氧气易扩散至阳极
双室型	操作简单，稳定性高	传质阻力较大，产电密度较低
平板式	两极间距小、内阻小，输出功率高	氧气易渗透至阳极
升流式	实现连续进料，增大废水处理容量	操作不稳定
堆栈式	增大废水处理容量，提高输出功率，增加COD去除率	电压、电极反转，操作不稳定

MFC类型	废水类型	COD去除率/%	最大输出功率密度	参考文献
平板空气阴极型	生活废水∶乙酸=1∶4	51.5	187W/m³	［40］
	100%生活废水	37.4	60W/m³
单室型	生活废水∶橄榄加工废水=14∶1	60	124.6mW/m²	［41］
单室型	生活废水（COD浓度为1650mg/L）	68	（170.5±1.5）mW/m²	［42］
单阴极单室型	生活废水（COD浓度为400~500mg/L）	69.0±0.4	300mW/m²	［43］
双阴极单室型		64.8±1.7	209mW/m²
平板型	生活废水（COD浓度为1000mg/L）	79	（43±1）mW/m²	［28］

MFC类型	废水类型	COD去除率/%	最大输出功率密度	参考文献
平板空气阴极型	生活废水∶乙酸=1∶4	51.5	187W/m³	［40］
	100%生活废水	37.4	60W/m³
单室型	生活废水∶橄榄加工废水=14∶1	60	124.6mW/m²	［41］
单室型	生活废水（COD浓度为1650mg/L）	68	（170.5±1.5）mW/m²	［42］
单阴极单室型	生活废水（COD浓度为400~500mg/L）	69.0±0.4	300mW/m²	［43］
双阴极单室型		64.8±1.7	209mW/m²
平板型	生活废水（COD浓度为1000mg/L）	79	（43±1）mW/m²	［28］

MFC类型	废水类型	COD去除率/%	最大输出功率密度/mW·m^-2	参考文献
厌氧流化床型	畜禽原水（COD浓度为4189~8432mg/L）	74.5～88.1	74.9	［45］
双室型	添加有磺胺类抗生素的猪场废水	>95	—	［46］
管式空气阴极型	猪场废水（COD浓度为5845mg/L）	83.8	175.7	［47］

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的研究进展

Research progress of microbial fuel cell in wastewater treatment

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MFC类型	偶氮染料	脱色效果	COD去除率/%	文献
升流式单室型	酸性橙7（75mg/L）	阴极室脱色率96% 阳极室脱色率75.7%	阴极室：82.26±3.8 阳极室：64.4±6.7	［49］
单室无膜型	橙黄G（80mg/L）	脱色率65.1%	82	［50］
单室型	刚果红（300mg/L）	脱色率86%；脱色速率（16.1±0.9）mg/（L?h）	—	［51］
双室型	甲基橙2（100mg/L）	脱色率96.3%	—	［52］

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