阴燃法处理含油污泥的研究及应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1613

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，含油污泥已经成为了威胁全球的危险废物之一，如果未经妥善处置，不但会对环境造成极大的破坏，还会对人体产生危害。阴燃作为一种新型的含油污泥处理技术，很好地契合了资源化、减量化、无害化的含油污泥处理目标。阴燃通过自维持燃烧处理含油污泥中的污染物，无需外部能源，极大地降低了处理成本，操作简单，二次污染很小。阴燃法不仅能发挥出多种热处理技术的优势，实现含油污泥的减量化，并且还能够回收含油污泥中的部分油分，具有极大的资源化潜力，是一种极具前景的含油污泥处理技术，在国内外均已有成功的工程应用案例。本文对阴燃的原理、研究发展进程及工程应用方面进行了阐述，分别论述了气体流量、污染物浓度、初始含水率、多孔介质掺混比例、土壤粒径对阴燃成功率及含油污泥处理效果的影响，并对该技术的发展方向提出展望。

关键词: 含油污泥, 阴燃法, 无害化处理, 影响因素

Abstract:

In recent years, oily sludge has appeared as one of the hazardous wastes that threaten the world. If it cannot be properly disposed, it would harm the environment and human health. Smoldering combustion is a cutting-edge method for safely treating oily sludge that is well suited the prospect of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization. By conducting self-sustaining combustion without the requirement for additional energy, smoldering combustion reduces contaminants from oily sludge with less secondary pollution and at a far lower cost than other methods. It is an effective method for treating oily sludge because it can take advantage of many thermal treatment techniques to accomplish volume reduction and recover some of the oil in it, which has significant resource utilization potential. The theory, research, and engineering applications of smoldering combustion were examined in this paper. It also discussed the effects of gas flow rate, pollutant concentration, initial water content, porous media mixing ratio, and soil grain size on the success rate of smoldering combustion and the treatment effect of oily sludge. Finally, the future development of this technology was prospected.

Key words: oily sludge, smoldering combustion, harmless treatment, influence factor

中图分类号:

X964

杨子育, 朱玲, 王文龙, 于超凡, 桑义敏. 阴燃法处理含油污泥的研究及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3760-3769.

YANG Ziyu, ZHU Ling, WANG Wenlong, YU Chaofan, SANG Yimin. Research and application progress of smoldering combustion technology for oily sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3760-3769.

图/表 13

参考文献 61

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处理方法	机理及特点	处理效果	优点	缺点
热解法^[42]	在绝氧或缺氧的环境下运行，使含油污泥中的石油烃类及其他有机物发生高温裂解反应，处理温度在500~1000℃	减量化：30%~50%。油品回收率：60%~80%。残油率：0.3%左右	二次污染较小	耗能高、设备复杂、处理规模小
焚烧法^[43]	在供氧条件下，高温燃烧含油污泥使其成为稳定的残渣，处理温度在500~1200℃	减量化：90%~95%。由于碳化残油率极低	处理体量大、焚烧热能可利用	二次污染严重、能耗大、成本高
干化法^[44]	利用热源使含油污泥加热到水的相变温度以上，使水分转化为水蒸气排出，减小含水率，处理温度在80~600℃	减量化：75%~80%。残油率高，需要与其他方法联用	操作简单、能耗低	处理效果差、二次污染严重、有爆炸风险
阴燃法^[45]	无焰的非均相燃烧，自维持阴燃过程通过反应自身产热实现含油污泥的干化、燃烧过程，处理温度在500~700℃	减量化：80%~86％。油品回收率：35%~65%。残油率：0.1%~0.3%	成本低、处理彻底、二次污染较小、三化效果好	技术不成熟、实现条件苛刻

处理方法	机理及特点	处理效果	优点	缺点
热解法^[42]	在绝氧或缺氧的环境下运行，使含油污泥中的石油烃类及其他有机物发生高温裂解反应，处理温度在500~1000℃	减量化：30%~50%。油品回收率：60%~80%。残油率：0.3%左右	二次污染较小	耗能高、设备复杂、处理规模小
焚烧法^[43]	在供氧条件下，高温燃烧含油污泥使其成为稳定的残渣，处理温度在500~1200℃	减量化：90%~95%。由于碳化残油率极低	处理体量大、焚烧热能可利用	二次污染严重、能耗大、成本高
干化法^[44]	利用热源使含油污泥加热到水的相变温度以上，使水分转化为水蒸气排出，减小含水率，处理温度在80~600℃	减量化：75%~80%。残油率高，需要与其他方法联用	操作简单、能耗低	处理效果差、二次污染严重、有爆炸风险
阴燃法^[45]	无焰的非均相燃烧，自维持阴燃过程通过反应自身产热实现含油污泥的干化、燃烧过程，处理温度在500~700℃	减量化：80%~86％。油品回收率：35%~65%。残油率：0.1%~0.3%	成本低、处理彻底、二次污染较小、三化效果好	技术不成熟、实现条件苛刻

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