螺旋藻固碳和作为饲用蛋白原料可行性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1954

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

螺旋藻是一种生长快、CO₂消耗量大、蛋白质含量高的微藻，是优质的饲用蛋白原料，可以同时为我国CO₂排放量大和饲用蛋白对外依赖严重两个难题提供可行解决方案。但螺旋藻价格是高蛋白饲料原料进口鱼粉价格的两倍左右，价格高严重阻碍了螺旋藻在固碳和饲料中的应用。为了降低螺旋藻生产成本，提高其经济竞争力，本文对螺旋藻直接生产成本组成和成本影响因素进行了分析，结合中国石化微藻固碳兼产大宗饲用蛋白成套技术工业示范实际运行情况，阐述微藻固碳和作为饲用蛋白原料的可行性。未来通过提高生长速率、优化原料来源、精准工艺控制、生物质综合利用等措施，螺旋藻的价格可以降低到与进口鱼粉相当的水平，先替代进口鱼粉，再替代进口大豆，具有形成新产业的潜力，保障我国饲用蛋白安全。

关键词: 螺旋藻, 二氧化碳, 蛋白质, 饲料

Abstract:

Spirulina, a kind of photosynthetic microalgae, is characterized by fast growth, high CO₂ consumption, and high content of protein, which can be used as feedstock for feedstuff. It offers great promise to remove CO₂ and provide feed protein simultaneously, which is hampered by the high price of Spirulina. The price of Spirulina is about twice that of the imported fish meal. In order to lower the high price of Spirulina to improve its economic competitiveness, the recent advances in the composition of direct production cost and the influencing factors are discussed. The feasibility of microalgae carbon sequestration and production of bulk feed protein is also analysed, based on the practical operation of the industrial demonstration of microalgae carbon sequestration while producing bulk feed protein carried out by Sinopec. In the future, through the various measures such as increasing the growth rate of Spirulina, reducing raw material cost, controlling the technical process and comprehensive utilization of biomass, the price of Spirulina can be reduced to the level equivalent to the imported fish meal, replacing imported fish meal first and then imported soybeans to ensure the safety of feed protein. It has the potential to overcome the technical-economic barriers for future removing CO₂ and producing bulk feed protein by microalgae, and to form a new industry.

Key words: Spirulina, carbon dioxide, protein, feed

中图分类号:

Q949.2

朱俊英, 荣峻峰, 宗保宁. 螺旋藻固碳和作为饲用蛋白原料可行性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2705-2715.

ZHU Junying, RONG Junfeng, ZONG Baoning. Feasibility analysis of Spirulina carbon sequestration while producing of bulk feed protein[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2705-2715.

图/表 4

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项目	成本/10⁴CNY·t^-1	所占比例/%
合计	1.80	100
原料	0.62	34.44
能耗	0.10	5.56
设备折旧	0.27	15.00
人工	0.75	41.67
土地	0.06	3.33

项目	成本/10⁴CNY·t^-1	所占比例/%
合计	1.80	100
原料	0.62	34.44
能耗	0.10	5.56
设备折旧	0.27	15.00
人工	0.75	41.67
土地	0.06	3.33

光生物反应器	成本降低/USD·kg^-1	降本措施	参考文献
跑道池	1.86→1.16	提高藻细胞生长速率和延长生产时间	[33]
	1.16→0.70	营养盐成本降为零，再加上废水处理收益
	0.70→0.23	利用烟气CO₂，CO₂成本降为零
	0.23→0.08	碳税收益34.8USD/t CO₂
管式反应器	80.04→14.62	产量由3.8t/a提高到200t/a	[30]
	14.62→3.71	将封闭式反应器成本降低到跑道池的水平
	3.71→2.90	CO₂成本降为零
	2.90→2.44	人工成本降至最低
板式反应器	9.16→4.64	生产规模由1ha增加到100ha	[32]
	4.64→0.46	通过提高生产效率、降低营养盐成本、CO₂成本降为零等降低生产成本

光生物反应器	成本降低/USD·kg^-1	降本措施	参考文献
跑道池	1.86→1.16	提高藻细胞生长速率和延长生产时间	[33]
	1.16→0.70	营养盐成本降为零，再加上废水处理收益
	0.70→0.23	利用烟气CO₂，CO₂成本降为零
	0.23→0.08	碳税收益34.8USD/t CO₂
管式反应器	80.04→14.62	产量由3.8t/a提高到200t/a	[30]
	14.62→3.71	将封闭式反应器成本降低到跑道池的水平
	3.71→2.90	CO₂成本降为零
	2.90→2.44	人工成本降至最低
板式反应器	9.16→4.64	生产规模由1ha增加到100ha	[32]
	4.64→0.46	通过提高生产效率、降低营养盐成本、CO₂成本降为零等降低生产成本

光生物反应器	养殖体积/L	CO₂最大利用率/%
开放式跑道池	23	33
封闭式跑道池	12	56
柱式反应器	1	25~50
管式反应器	1.3	6.12~66.39
板式反应器	8	35.0~53.8