非铂燃料电池电催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1765

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

商业铂碳催化剂价格高昂，开发非铂材料是推进燃料电池商业化的关键一步。本文首先介绍了燃料电池氧还原反应电催化剂的研究背景，接着分别介绍了非贵金属、非金属以及复合材料的催化剂，并对各类催化剂的活性位点和催化机理进行了简要的评述。其中，过渡金属的氮碳化物成本低廉，具有较高的催化活性以及优异的稳定性，是最有望替代贵金属Pt的一类催化剂。杂原子的掺杂能够改变碳材料的表面电荷分布，提升碳材料的催化活性。将过渡金属的氮碳化物和特殊结构的碳材料有效结合，可以设计出具有双功能的复合材料。最后，针对非铂催化剂存在的问题进行了分析并提出了今后工作的几个方向，为今后非铂电催化剂的研究提供参考。高活性高稳定性的非铂催化剂是未来该领域的重点研究方向。

关键词: 燃料电池, 催化剂, 纳米材料, 氧还氧反应, 碳材料

Abstract:

Commercial platinum carbon catalysts are expensive, and thus the development of non-platinum materials is a key step to promote the commercialization of fuel cells. In this paper, the research background of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells has been introduced firstly, then the catalysts conformed by non-noble metals, non-metals and composite materials have been introduced respectively, and the active sites and catalytic mechanism of various catalysts have been briefly reviewed. Among them, the nitrogen carbides of transition metal, with the advantages of low cost, high catalytic activity and excellent stability, are the most promising to replace the precious metal Pt for the catalysts. The doping of heteroatoms can change the surface charge distribution and hence enhance the catalytic activity of carbon materials. By effectively combining the transition metal nitrogen carbides with carbon materials with special structures, composite materials with dual functions can be designed. Finally, the existing problems of non-platinum catalysts have been analyzed and several directions for future work have been proposed, which can provide reference for future research of non-platinum electrocatalysts. The development of non-platinum catalysts with high activity and stability will be the key research direction in the future.

Key words: fuel cells, catalyst, nanomaterials, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon materials

中图分类号:

TQ15

张健, 党岱, 姬文晋, 刘全兵, 方岩雄, 郑育英. 非铂燃料电池电催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(07): 3153-3162.

Jian ZHANG, Dai DANG, Wenjin JI, Quanbing LIU, Yanxiong FANG, Yuying ZHENG. Research progress in non-platinum fuel cells electrocatalysts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(07): 3153-3162.

图/表 8

图1 V0.95Co0.05N MFs的透射电镜图[11]

图2 Fe@C-FeNC-2的透射电镜图[21]

图3 Co NPs-N/C和Co SAs/N-C的形成简图[24]

图4 高分辨率的X射线光电子能谱图以及不同的氮掺杂量示意图[25]

图5 N-CNS的合成简图和对应的透射电镜图、X射线衍射图、拉曼光谱图、N1s X射线光电子能谱图[39]

图6 S1N6CT以及S x N y C900样品和Pt/C(20%，E-TEK)在1600r/min下的线性扫描伏安曲线[45]

图7 Co9S8/N,S-CNS的析氧反应和氧还原反应活性[54]

图8 p-Fe–N-CNF和up-Fe–N-CNF催化剂的电镜图[55]

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