关键词: 稀土, 湿法冶金, 废水处理, 资源回收, 氨氮

Abstract: This review paper summarized the source，classification and characteristic of rare earths hydrometallurgy wastewater，and discussed current progresses of the source control，resource recovery and treatment of ammonia nitrogen，fluoride，hydrochloric acid，sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. The findings in this review paper are highlighted as below：a) using fluorine to produce cryolite is an effective method for the fluoride pollution control and resource recovery in the rare earth hydrometallurgy；b) unsaponification process is the trend of the rare earth hydrometallurgy and the recovery of ammonium chloride by the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) is the optimal process for the treatment of high concentration ammonia ammonium wastewater from the ammonia saponification process；c) the resource recovery of hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid from the oxalic acid precipitation mother liquor by azeotropic distillation has a promising application；d) the process of membrane processing plus MVR evaporation has been shown to be effective in the treatment of low concentrated ammonia nitrogen and other organic pollutants. Possible approaches for the environmental treatment of the rare earths hydrometallurgy wastewater have been also concluded：①improving resources utilization and optimizing process；②separation，recovery，reuse and treatment of wastewater；③developing the process for the advanced treatment and reuse of wastewater.

Key words: rare earths, hydrometallurgy, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, ammonia nitrogen