含聚油泥处理技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0952

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含聚油泥是石油聚合物驱开发过程中形成的含有大量原油、聚合物、固体颗粒等的混合体系，黏度大、油水含量高、性质稳定。随着油田聚驱规模的不断扩大，含聚油泥产量逐年增多，其资源化和无害化处理已成为石油工业环境保护的关键问题之一。常规的焚烧、热解、热洗等方法对含聚油泥的处理难以达到理想效果，使聚合物的影响达到最小化，“除聚降黏”是实现含聚油泥有效处理的关键。本文总结了含聚油泥的来源、性质、特点和对环境的危害，探讨了含聚油泥的处理难点及其稳定性影响因素，总结了含聚油泥处理技术的研究现状并展望了其技术发展方向。

关键词: 含聚油泥, 聚合物, 聚丙烯酰胺, 除聚降黏, 高效分离

Abstract:

Polymer-containing oil sludge is a complex system consisting of a significant amount of crude oil, polymer, solid particles formed during the development of petroleum polymer flooding. It has high viscosity, high oil and water content and stable nature. As the continuous expansion of polymer flooding scale in oilfields, the production of polymer-containing oil sludge increases year by year. Therefore, its resourceful and harmless treatment has become one of the key issues of environmental protection in petroleum industry. Conventional incineration, pyrolysis, thermal washing and other methods for the treatment of polymer-containing oil sludge are difficult to achieve the desired effect. To minimize the impact of polymer and achieve effective treatment, "depolymerization and viscosity reduction" are crucial factors. This paper summarized the source, nature, characteristics and environmental hazards of polymer-containing oil sludge, discussed the difficulties in the treatment of polymer-containing oil sludge and its stability factors. Furthermore it provided an overview on current research status regarding technology for treating this type of sludge while looking forward to direction for its technological development.

Key words: polymer-containing oil sludge, polymers, polyacrylamide, depolymerization and viscosity reduction, efficient separation

中图分类号:

X741

陈倩, 仝坤, 谢加才, 邵志国, 聂凡, 李成涛. 含聚油泥处理技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 4158-4168.

CHEN Qian, TONG Kun, XIE Jiacai, SHAO Zhiguo, NIE Fan, LI Chentao. Research progress on the treatment technology of polymer-containing oil sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 4158-4168.

图/表 11

参考文献 60

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主要处理技术	优点	缺点	国内应用现状
预处理
调质-机械分离技术	技术成熟、操作简单、分离效果好、适用性广、可回收大部分原油	能耗较高、设备磨损较严重	工业化应用
超声强化处理技术	环保、高效、可控性强	成本、设备投资较大	实验室研究
资源化
化学热洗技术	操作简单、处理量大、清洗效果好、运行费用低	对油泥的选择性高、药剂用量大、洗脱油品质差、易产生二次污染	工业化应用
微波热解技术	选择性加热、方便快捷、能耗较小、回收油品质好	设备成本和技术要求较高	实验室研究
水热处理技术	高效、无化学添加剂、适用性广	能耗高、设备投资大	实验室研究
无害化
电化学处理技术	可控性好、无须高温高压条件、高效	能耗和设备投资大、存在电极材料损耗	中试应用
生物处理技术	成本低、设备投入少、操作简便、降解效果好、无二次污染	占地面积较大、处理周期长、受环境因素影响大	工业化应用

主要处理技术	优点	缺点	国内应用现状
预处理
调质-机械分离技术	技术成熟、操作简单、分离效果好、适用性广、可回收大部分原油	能耗较高、设备磨损较严重	工业化应用
超声强化处理技术	环保、高效、可控性强	成本、设备投资较大	实验室研究
资源化
化学热洗技术	操作简单、处理量大、清洗效果好、运行费用低	对油泥的选择性高、药剂用量大、洗脱油品质差、易产生二次污染	工业化应用
微波热解技术	选择性加热、方便快捷、能耗较小、回收油品质好	设备成本和技术要求较高	实验室研究
水热处理技术	高效、无化学添加剂、适用性广	能耗高、设备投资大	实验室研究
无害化
电化学处理技术	可控性好、无须高温高压条件、高效	能耗和设备投资大、存在电极材料损耗	中试应用
生物处理技术	成本低、设备投入少、操作简便、降解效果好、无二次污染	占地面积较大、处理周期长、受环境因素影响大	工业化应用