群体感应调节对废水生物处理工艺影响的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0676

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

群体感应（quorum sensing，QS）是一种细胞间的通信机制，通过自诱导物（autoinducer，AI）的产生和响应，实现对细胞群体密度的调控，进而调节基因表达。在生物处理工艺中，QS对于微生物群落的功能和结构具有显著影响。本文综述了QS的三种主要信号分子类型：酰基高丝氨酸内酯（acyl-homoserine lactones，AHLs）、自诱导肽（autoinducing peptides，AIPs）和自诱导物-2（autoinducer-2，AI-2），并探讨了它们在QS机制中的作用。此外，本文还系统地综述了QS增强和抑制的方法，以及QS在生物处理领域中的应用，包括活性污泥、生物膜工艺、颗粒污泥工艺和菌藻共生技术以及膜生物反应器。尽管QS在生物处理工艺中的应用取得了一定的进展，但该领域仍面临诸多挑战和未解决的问题。例如，多种信号分子的产生增加了理解QS机制的复杂性；QS调控生物处理的研究大多还停留在实验室阶段，尚未大规模用于实际污水处理中。因此，深入研究QS在生物处理中的调节机制对于开发新的废水生物处理策略、提高废水处理效率具有重要意义。

关键词: 群体感应, 生物处理工艺, 信号分子, 生物调控, 废水处理

Abstract:

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that regulates gene expression by producing and responding to autoinducers, thereby controlling cell population density. In biological treatment processes, QS significantly influences the function and structure of microbial communities. This study reviewed the three main types of QS signal molecules: acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), autoinducing peptides (AIPs), and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and discussed their roles within the QS mechanism. Additionally, the article systematically summarized methods for enhancing and inhibiting QS, as well as the application of QS in the field of biological treatment, including activated sludge, biofilm processes, granular sludge processes, algae-bacteria symbiotic technology, and membrane bioreactors. Although QS has made certain progress in the application of biological treatment processes, the field still faces many challenges and unresolved issues. For example, the production of multiple signal molecules increases the complexity of understanding the QS mechanism; research on QS regulation in biological treatment is mostly still in the laboratory stage and has not been applied on a large scale in actual wastewater treatment. Therefore, in-depth study of the QS regulatory mechanism in biological treatment is of significant importance for developing new biological wastewater treatment strategies and improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Key words: quorum sensing, biological treatment process, signaling molecule, biological regulation, wastewater treatment

中图分类号:

张千, 秦树敏, 杨晨曦, 杜泽宇, 唐清平, 杨周洪, 江佳骏, 冯尧, 万娟, 李伟. 群体感应调节对废水生物处理工艺影响的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3630-3641.

ZHANG Qian, QIN Shumin, YANG Chenxi, DUO Zeyu, TANG Qingping, YANG Zhouhong, JIANG Jiajun, FENG Yao, WAN Juan, LI Wei. Research progress on the impact of quorum sensing regulation on wastewater biological treatment processes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3630-3641.

图/表 5

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信号分子	简称	合成系统	功能	参考文献
N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯	AHL	Luxl/LuxR系统	1. 种内交流 2. 生物膜形成 3. EPS产生 4. 细菌活性	[10]
自诱导肽	AIP	激酶受体的激活	1. 细胞间通信 2. 毒力和抗菌化合物	[11]
自诱导物-2	AI-2	luxS基因	1. 种间相互作用 2. 生物膜形成 3. 致病因子和毒素 4. 生物发光 5. 群集运动	[12]
假单胞菌喹诺酮信号	PQS	监管体系4Q	1. 多种毒力因子 2. 生物膜形成 3. 控制C4-HSL生产 4. 调价反硝化作用 5. 规范铁的运输系统	[13]
可扩散性信号分子	DSF	RpfF基因簇（rpfB, rpfF和rpfGHC）	1. 胞外酶的产生 2. DSF的存在导致细菌分散，缺乏导致EPS产生、聚集及生物膜形成 3. 控制环二GMP的合成	[14]

信号分子	简称	合成系统	功能	参考文献
N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯	AHL	Luxl/LuxR系统	1. 种内交流 2. 生物膜形成 3. EPS产生 4. 细菌活性	[10]
自诱导肽	AIP	激酶受体的激活	1. 细胞间通信 2. 毒力和抗菌化合物	[11]
自诱导物-2	AI-2	luxS基因	1. 种间相互作用 2. 生物膜形成 3. 致病因子和毒素 4. 生物发光 5. 群集运动	[12]
假单胞菌喹诺酮信号	PQS	监管体系4Q	1. 多种毒力因子 2. 生物膜形成 3. 控制C4-HSL生产 4. 调价反硝化作用 5. 规范铁的运输系统	[13]
可扩散性信号分子	DSF	RpfF基因簇（rpfB, rpfF和rpfGHC）	1. 胞外酶的产生 2. DSF的存在导致细菌分散，缺乏导致EPS产生、聚集及生物膜形成 3. 控制环二GMP的合成	[14]

类型	细菌	信号类型	处理工艺	废水类型	参考文献
群体感应	Sphingomonas paucimobilis		活性污泥工艺	市政或工业废水	[85]
	Burkholderia multivorans 17616	C8-HSL C6-HSL		市政或工业废水	[86-87]
	Burkholderia cenocepacia	C8-HSL C6-HSL		市政或工业废水	[86-87]
	Aeromonas	AHL, AI-2			[88]
	A. hydrophila	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, AI-2	活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[89-90]
	Pseudomona aeruginosa PAO	C10-HSL			[91]
	Xanthomonas sp.	DSF	活性污泥工艺		[61]
	P. aeruginosa	3-oxo-C12-HSL，C4-HSL		工业和市政污水	[92]
	Vibrio sp.	AI-2, AHK			[88]
	Ac. Baumannii strain M2	3-羟基-C12-HSL		市政或工业废水	[93-94]
	Pseudomonas sp.	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C12-HSL, PQS	活性污泥工艺		[61,85]
	Nitrosomonas europaea	C6-HSL, C8-HSL C10-HSL	活性污泥工艺	工业废水	[95]
	P. putida		活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[96]
群体淬灭	Variovorax paradoxus strain VAI-C	C4-HSL, C6-HSL C8-HSL, C10-HSL C12-HSL 3-oxo-C6-HSL	活性污泥工艺	工业废水	[97]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C6-HSL, C8-HSL C10-HSL, C12-HSL 3-oxo-C6-HSL 3-oxo-C8-HSL 3-oxo-C10-HSL 3-oxo-C12-HSL	MBR		[98]
	Acinetobacter sp. strain Ooi24	C10-HSL	活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[96]
	Pseudomonas sp. 1A1	C6-HSL, C8- HSL C10-HSL, C12-HSL 3-oxo-C8- HSL 3-oxo-C10- HSL 3-oxo-C12- HSL	MBR	市政污水	[99]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C8-HSL	MBR	合成废水	[100]
	Candidatus Brocadia	C8-HSL, C12-HSL, C6-HSL, 3O-C14-HSL, 3O-C12-HSL	MBR		[101]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, C7-HSL, C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C8-HSL, C10-HSL, C12-HSL, C14-HSL	MBR	制药废水	[102]

类型	细菌	信号类型	处理工艺	废水类型	参考文献
群体感应	Sphingomonas paucimobilis		活性污泥工艺	市政或工业废水	[85]
	Burkholderia multivorans 17616	C8-HSL C6-HSL		市政或工业废水	[86-87]
	Burkholderia cenocepacia	C8-HSL C6-HSL		市政或工业废水	[86-87]
	Aeromonas	AHL, AI-2			[88]
	A. hydrophila	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, AI-2	活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[89-90]
	Pseudomona aeruginosa PAO	C10-HSL			[91]
	Xanthomonas sp.	DSF	活性污泥工艺		[61]
	P. aeruginosa	3-oxo-C12-HSL，C4-HSL		工业和市政污水	[92]
	Vibrio sp.	AI-2, AHK			[88]
	Ac. Baumannii strain M2	3-羟基-C12-HSL		市政或工业废水	[93-94]
	Pseudomonas sp.	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C12-HSL, PQS	活性污泥工艺		[61,85]
	Nitrosomonas europaea	C6-HSL, C8-HSL C10-HSL	活性污泥工艺	工业废水	[95]
	P. putida		活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[96]
群体淬灭	Variovorax paradoxus strain VAI-C	C4-HSL, C6-HSL C8-HSL, C10-HSL C12-HSL 3-oxo-C6-HSL	活性污泥工艺	工业废水	[97]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C6-HSL, C8-HSL C10-HSL, C12-HSL 3-oxo-C6-HSL 3-oxo-C8-HSL 3-oxo-C10-HSL 3-oxo-C12-HSL	MBR		[98]
	Acinetobacter sp. strain Ooi24	C10-HSL	活性污泥工艺	市政污水	[96]
	Pseudomonas sp. 1A1	C6-HSL, C8- HSL C10-HSL, C12-HSL 3-oxo-C8- HSL 3-oxo-C10- HSL 3-oxo-C12- HSL	MBR	市政污水	[99]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C8-HSL	MBR	合成废水	[100]
	Candidatus Brocadia	C8-HSL, C12-HSL, C6-HSL, 3O-C14-HSL, 3O-C12-HSL	MBR		[101]
	Rhodococcus sp. BH4	C4-HSL, C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, C7-HSL, C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C8-HSL, C10-HSL, C12-HSL, C14-HSL	MBR	制药废水	[102]