SiO2/BiOBr光催化材料制备及其对含油废水的处理

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2317

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近几年来，水体中油污污染问题已引起广泛关注。许多研究尝试利用光催化材料催化降解含油废水，但催化条件大多仍局限于紫外光照。为解决这一问题，本研究将SiO₂作为催化剂载体，采用共沉淀法制备出能在可见光下使用的SiO₂/BiOBr复合材料。该材料经XRD、XPS、DRS、BET等测试分析后发现，BiOBr可负载于SiO₂的片层表面，同时可有效增大其比表面积，提高吸附性能。并且将制备条件优化后表明，当n(Bi)∶n(Si)=1∶1时，该材料的比表面积为83.53m²/g，禁带宽度（E _g）为2.79eV，复合效果最佳。使用该复合材料对不同类型油进行催化反应后，机油、柴油、食用油的去除率分别可达25%、60%、93%。本文详细分析了该材料柴油的光降解机理，发现·O₂ ^-是最为主要的活性基团。

关键词: 催化剂, 二氧化硅, 复合材料, 含油废水处理, 环境

Abstract:

In recent years, oil pollution in water has caused wide concerns. Many studies have attempted to catalyze the degradation of oily wastewater by photocatalytic materials, but most techniques are still limited to ultraviolet light. In order to solve this problem, SiO₂/BiOBr composites which can be used under visible light were prepared by coprecipitation method using SiO₂ as the catalyst carrier. The material was characterized by XRD, XPS, DRS, BET and so on. It was found that BiOBr can be supported on the surface of SiO₂, and it can effectively increase the specific surface area of SiO₂, and thus can improve the adsorption performance. With n(Bi)∶n(Si)=1∶1, the specific surface area and the forbidden band width (E _g) of the material was 83.53m²/g and 2.79eV respectively, resulting in the best performance. When the composite material was used to catalyze different types of oily wastewater, the removal rates of engine oil, diesel oil and edible oil were up to 25%, 60% and 93%, respectively. Further, the photodegradation mechanism of diesel oil was analyzed in detail, and it was found that ·O₂ ^- was the most active group.

Key words: catalyst, silica, composites, treatment of oily wastewater, environment

中图分类号:

TE992.2

仇宏暄,余义昌,黎城君,郜洪文. SiO₂/BiOBr光催化材料制备及其对含油废水的处理[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(9): 4085-4094.

Hongxuan QIU,Yichang YU,Chengjun LI,Hongwen GAO. Preparation of SiO₂/BiOBr photocatalytic materials and treatment ofoily wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(9): 4085-4094.

图/表 16

图1 4SiO2/BiOBr和BiOBr的XRD谱图

图2 BiOBr和4SiO2/BiOBr对应O和Si元素的XPS谱图

表1 原子质量分数表

材料	O 1s/%	Si 2p/%	Br 3d/%	Bi 4f/%
BiOBr	34.06	0.00	25.63	40.31
4SiO₂/BiOBr	52.28	13.41	14.02	20.29

图3 4SiO2/BiOBr的氮气吸附-脱附曲线和孔径分布图

图4 4SiO2/BiOBr的紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）

图5 BiOBr和4SiO2/BiOBr的SEM图

图6 BiOBr和4SiO2/BiOBr的TEM图

图7 BiOBr和4SiO2/BiOBr吸附时间对去除率的影响

图8 九水合偏硅酸钠加入量对去除率的影响

图9 催化剂质量对去除率的影响

图10 反应时间对去除率的影响

图11 初始油浓度对去除率的影响

图12 不同油品对去除率的影响

表2 不同油品性质对比

油品名	密度/g·mL^-1	运动黏度(20℃）/mm²·s^-1	成分
机油	0.91	67.81	非挥发性油脂
食用油	0.91	12	C₁₂饱和脂肪酸
柴油	0.83	26	C₉~C₂₅烷烃基

图13 模拟日光下不同捕获剂对去除率的影响

图14 反应次数与去除率的关系

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SiO₂/BiOBr光催化材料制备及其对含油废水的处理

Preparation of SiO₂/BiOBr photocatalytic materials and treatment ofoily wastewater

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