计及能耗特性的风光制氢碱性电解槽集群优化策略

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1859

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标，实现能源低碳、清洁转型，本文提出一种面向电制氢（power-to-hydrogen，P2H）系统的计及能耗特性的风光制氢碱性电解槽集群优化策略。系统离网式运行，以风力、光伏发电提供电能，使用蓄电池作为储能设备进行电能的削峰填谷，保证碱性电解槽稳定连续生产氢气。基于风光发电、电解槽动态制氢效率、电解槽启停等模型，以系统整体净收益最大为目标函数，对电解槽进行多列运行优化调度。结果表明，在不改变系统设备容量的前提下，使用碱性电解槽集群优化策略调度后，系统年收益提高近5%，同时弃电率与电解槽启停次数相应降低。新型集群优化策略可以更充分地消纳新能源电力且收益更高。研究成果有望为碱性电解槽高效集群生产运行调度策略提供一定的指导。

关键词: 再生能源, 电解, 制氢, 碱性电解槽, 离网运行, 优化调度

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, as well as low-carbon and clean transition of energy. Specifically, an optimized strategy was proposed for the alkaline electrolyzer cluster in power-to-hydrogen (P2H) systems considering energy consumption characteristics. This system operated in an off-grid mode, where wind and solar power were utilized to supply electricity. Battery storage was employed for peak shaving and valley filling to ensure stable and continuous hydrogen production in alkaline electrolyzers. Based on the models of wind and solar power generation, the dynamic hydrogen production efficiency and the start-stop of electrolyzers were optimized for multi-train operation. Moreover, the objective function was established to maximize the overall net profit of the system. The results showed that the alkaline electrolyzer cluster optimization strategy improved the annual system revenue by nearly 5% without changing the capacity of the system equipment. Meanwhile, the strategy reduced the curtailment rate and the number of start-stops of electrolyzers. The new cluster optimization strategy could consume new energy power more fully and help gain higher revenue. The results of this study were expected to provide guidance for the efficient production and operation scheduling strategies of the alkaline electrolyzer cluster.

Key words: renewable energy, electrolysis, hydrogen production, alkaline electrolyzer, off-grid operation, optimal dispatching

中图分类号:

TQ151

张文韬, 周家辉, 张润之, 王珞珈, 徐钢. 计及能耗特性的风光制氢碱性电解槽集群优化策略[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(11): 6119-6128.

ZHANG Wentao, ZHOU Jiahui, ZHANG Runzhi, WANG Luojia, XU Gang. Optimization strategy of wind and solar hydrogen production alkaline electrolyzer cluster considering energy consumption characteristics[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(11): 6119-6128.

图/表 12

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参数	数值
T_stack/℃	85
P/bar	16
r₁/Ω·m²	4.45153×10^-5
r₂/Ω·m²·℃^-1	6.88874×10^-9
d₁/Ω·m²	-3.12996×10^-6
d₂/Ω·m²·bar^-1	4.47137×10^-7
s/V	0.33824
t₁/m²·A^-1	-0.01539
t₂/m²·℃·A^-1	2.00181
t₃/m²·℃²·A^-1	15.24178
f₁₁/A²·m^-4	478645.74
f₁₂/A²·m^-4·℃^-1	-2953.15
f₂₁	1.0396
f₂₂/℃^-1	-0.00104
i/A·m^-²	2600
A_cell/m²	0.1

参数	数值
T_stack/℃	85
P/bar	16
r₁/Ω·m²	4.45153×10^-5
r₂/Ω·m²·℃^-1	6.88874×10^-9
d₁/Ω·m²	-3.12996×10^-6
d₂/Ω·m²·bar^-1	4.47137×10^-7
s/V	0.33824
t₁/m²·A^-1	-0.01539
t₂/m²·℃·A^-1	2.00181
t₃/m²·℃²·A^-1	15.24178
f₁₁/A²·m^-4	478645.74
f₁₂/A²·m^-4·℃^-1	-2953.15
f₂₁	1.0396
f₂₂/℃^-1	-0.00104
i/A·m^-²	2600
A_cell/m²	0.1

设备	投资成本	运维成本/投资成本
光伏发电机组	3800CNY/kW	1%
风力发电机组	4800CNY/kW	2%
电解槽	3000CNY/kW	2%
蓄电池	2000CNY/(kW·h)	4%

设备	投资成本	运维成本/投资成本
光伏发电机组	3800CNY/kW	1%
风力发电机组	4800CNY/kW	2%
电解槽	3000CNY/kW	2%
蓄电池	2000CNY/(kW·h)	4%

优化结果	参比方案	优化方案	差值
弃电率/%	1.16	0.03	-1.13
电解槽启停次数/次	261	178	-83
电解槽利用小时数/h	3957	4012	+45
氢气年产量/t	6969.64	7106.72	+137.08
年收益/×10⁴ CNY	9717.36	10197.16	+479.8