风光储一体化水电联产系统的优化设计及调度

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1271

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水和能源短缺严重制约沿海以及海岛经济的发展。将可再生能源与水电联产系统耦合，可有效解决这一问题。本文建立了风光储一体化水电联产系统的优化和调度模型。首先，建立了各单元的数学和经济模型，以系统的总年费最低为目标。然后运用遗传算法（GA）求解，优化得到春、夏、秋、冬4个典型日的系统最佳结构及容量配置。系统中水电的满足率大于99%，并且弃风、弃光率小于2%。最后确立了各典型日的最佳运行方案，包括风力、光伏、反渗透单元的生产负荷，供需匹配关系及各单元设备运行状态。结果表明：各典型日中风光互补供给功率均比较平稳，反渗透单元的运行负荷变化较大，但额定功率运行的时长均为50%左右。抽水储能单元也充分发挥其削峰填谷的作用，在各典型日的运行时长占比均超过75%。本文设计的系统为水电联产系统工业化运行提供指导。

关键词: 风光互补, 水电联产, 优化设计, 优化调度, 抽水储能

Abstract:

Water and energy shortages are a serious constraint to the development of coastal as well as island economies. Coupling a 100% renewable energy sources generation system with hydropower cogeneration can effectively solve this problem. In this paper, an optimization and scheduling model for an integrated wind-photovoltaic-storage desalination system is developed. Firstly, a mathematical and economic model of the units is established, with the objective of minimizing total annual cost of the system. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve and get the optimal structure and capacity configuration of the system for four typical days: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The satisfaction rate of hydropower in the system is greater than 99%, and the abandonment rate of wind and light in the system is less than 2%. The optimal operating scenarios for each typical day is established, including the production loads of the wind, photovoltaic, and reverse osmosis units, the matching relationship between supply and demand, and the operating status of each unit's equipment. The results show that the power supplied by the wind and solar hybrids is relatively smooth in all typical days. The operating load of the reverse osmosis unit varies greatly, but the duration of rated power operation is around 50%. The pumped storage unit also gives full play to its role in peak shaving and valley filling, accounting for more than 75% of the operating on all typical days. The system designed in this paper provides guidance for the industrial operation of hydropower cogeneration systems.

Key words: photovoltaic-wind hybrid, hydropower cogeneration, optimal design, optimal scheduling, pumped storage

中图分类号:

TM715

孙启超, 聂美华, 伍联营, 胡仰栋. 风光储一体化水电联产系统的优化设计及调度[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4882-4891.

SUN Qichao, NIE Meihua, WU Lianying, HU Yangdong. Optimal design and scheduling of integrated wind-photovoltaic-storage hydropower cogeneration system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4882-4891.

图/表 8

参考文献 35

1	MA Ting, SUN Siao, FU Guangtao, et al. Pollution exacerbates China’s water scarcity and its regional inequality[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11: 650.
2	ZHU Zhongfan, DOU Jie. Current status of reclaimed water in China: An overview[J]. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 2018, 8(3): 293-307.
3	朱波. 含分布式发电的电力市场分段竞价算法[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2013.
	ZHU Bo. The block bidding algorithm of distributed generation power market[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2013.
4	CANO Antonio, JURADO Francisco, Higinio SÁNCHEZ, et al. Optimal sizing of stand-alone hybrid systems based on PV/WT/FC by using several methodologies[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2014, 87(4): 330-340.
5	KUSAKANA Kanzumba. Optimal scheduling for distributed hybrid system with pumped hydro storage[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 111: 253-260.
6	BERMÚDEZ J M, RUISÁNCHEZ E, ARENILLAS A, et al. New concept for energy storage: Microwave-induced carbon gasification with CO₂ [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 78: 559-564.
7	DAIM Tugrul U, LI Xin, KIM Jisun, et al. Evaluation of energy storage technologies for integration with renewable electricity: Quantifying expert opinions[J]. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 2012, 3: 29-49.
8	吴皓文, 王军, 龚迎莉, 等. 储能技术发展现状及应用前景分析[J]. 电力学报, 2021, 36(5): 434-443.
	WU Haowen, WANG Jun, GONG Yingli, et al. Development status and application prospect analysis of energy storage technology[J]. Journal of Electric Power, 2021, 36(5): 434-443.
9	SPYROU Ioannis D, ANAGNOSTOPOULOS John S. Design study of a stand-alone desalination system powered by renewable energy sources and a pumped storage unit[J]. Desalination, 2010, 257(1/2/3): 137-149.
10	SHAHABI Maedeh P, MCHUGH Adam, ANDA Martin, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by renewable energy[J]. Renewable Energy, 2014, 67: 53-58.
11	PALOMAR P, LOSADA I J. Desalination in Spain: Recent developments and recommendations[J]. Desalination, 2010, 255(1/2/3): 97-106.
12	GASCÓ G. Influence of state support on water desalination in Spain[J]. Desalination, 2004, 165: 111-122.
13	LIN Saisai, ZHAO Haiyang, ZHU Liping, et al. Seawater desalination technology and engineering in China: A review[J]. Desalination, 2021, 498: 114728.
14	David BORGE-DIEZ, GARCÍA-MOYA Francisco José, Pedro CABRERA-SANTANA, et al. Feasibility analysis of wind and solar powered desalination plants: An application to islands[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 764: 142878.
15	OKAMPO Ewaoche John, NWULU Nnamdi. Optimisation of renewable energy powered reverse osmosis desalination systems: A state-of-the-art review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 140: 110712.
16	GHAITHAN Ahmed M, Ahmad AL-HANBALI, MOHAMMED Awsan, et al. Optimization of a solar-wind-grid powered desalination system in Saudi Arabia[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 178: 295-306.
17	ELMAADAWY Khaled, KOTB Kotb M, ELKADEEM M R, et al. Optimal sizing and techno-enviro-economic feasibility assessment of large-scale reverse osmosis desalination powered with hybrid renewable energy sources[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 224: 113377.
18	PENG Wanxi, MALEKI Akbar, ROSEN Marc A, et al. Optimization of a hybrid system for solar-wind-based water desalination by reverse osmosis: Comparison of approaches[J]. Desalination, 2018, 442: 16-31.
19	ESFAHANI Janghorban Iman, YOO Chang Kyoo. An optimization algorithm-based pinch analysis and GA for an off-grid batteryless photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis desalination system[J]. Renewable Energy, 2016, 91: 233-248.
20	KOUTROULIS E, KOLOKOTSA D. Design optimization of desalination systems power-supplied by PV and W/G energy sources[J]. Desalination, 2010, 258(1/2/3): 171-181.
21	戴远航, 陈磊, 闵勇, 等. 风电场与含储热的热电联产联合运行的优化调度[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(12): 3470-3479.
	DAI Yuanhang, CHEN Lei, MIN Yong, et al. Optimal scheduling of combined operation of wind farm and cogeneration with heat storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(12): 3470-3479.
22	汪致洵, 林湘宁, 刘畅, 等. 基于光热电站水电联产的独立海岛综合供给系统容量优化配置[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(16): 5192-5203.
	WANG Zhixun, LIN Xiangning, LIU Chang, et al. Optimal allocation of capacity of independent island comprehensive supply system based on cogeneration of hydropower and thermal power station[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(16): 5192-5203.
23	GHORBANI B, SHIRMOHAMMADI R, MEHRPOOYA M. Development of an innovative cogeneration system for fresh water and power production by renewable energy using thermal energy storage system[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020, 37: 100572.
24	PALENZUELA Patricia, ZARAGOZA Guillermo, Diego ALARCÓN, et al. Simulation and evaluation of the coupling of desalination units to parabolic-trough solar power plants in the Mediterranean region[J]. Desalination, 2011, 281: 379-387.
25	王诗蔓. 基于可持续发展的政府投资光伏扶贫项目效益评价研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2021.
	WANG Shiman. Research on benefit evaluation of government-invested photovoltaic poverty alleviation project based on sustainable development[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021.
26	CHE Xiaojing, ZHOU P, CHAI Kah-Hin. Regional policy effect on photovoltaic (PV) technology innovation: Findings from 260 cities in China[J]. Energy Policy, 2022, 162: 112807.
27	JUSTUS C G. Wind energy statistics for large arrays of wind turbines (New England and Central U.S. Regions)[J]. Solar Energy, 1978, 20(5): 379-386.
28	BORHANAZAD Hanieh, MEKHILEF Saad, GOUNDER Ganapathy Velappa, et al. Optimization of micro-grid system using MOPSO[J]. Renewable Energy, 2014, 71: 295-306.
29	BAÑUELOS-RUEDAS F, ANGELES-CAMACHO C, RIOS-MARCUELLO S. Analysis and validation of the methodology used in the extrapolation of wind speed data at different heights[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14(8): 2383-2391.
30	BECHRAKIS D A, SPARIS P D. Simulation of the wind speed at different heights using artificial neural networks[J]. Wind Engineering, 2000, 24(2): 127-136.
31	DAUD Abdel-Karim, ISMAIL Mahmoud S. Design of isolated hybrid systems minimizing costs and pollutant emissions[J]. Renewable Energy, 2012, 44: 215-224.
32	DIAF S, DIAF D, BELHAMEL M, et al. A methodology for optimal sizing of autonomous hybrid PV/wind system[J]. Energy Policy, 2007, 35(11): 5708-5718.
33	CARDONA E, PIACENTINO A, MARCHESE F. Energy saving in two-stage reverse osmosis systems coupled with ultrafiltration processes[J]. Desalination, 2005, 184(1/2/3): 125-137.
34	BENNETT Jeffrey A, TREVISAN Claire N, DECAROLIS Joseph F, et al. Extending energy system modelling to include extreme weather risks and application to hurricane events in Puerto Rico[J]. Nature Energy, 2021, 6(3): 240-249.
35	LIU Zuming, CHAKRABORTY Arijit, HE Tianbiao, et al. Technoeconomic and environmental optimization of combined heat and power systems with renewable integration for chemical plants[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 219: 119474.

算法名称	特点
粒子群算法	收敛速度快，但易陷入局部最优解
蚁群优化算法	参数设置复杂，如果参数设置不当，易偏离优质解
模拟退火算法	适合搭配粒子群算法、鲸鱼优化算法等使用，否则易陷入局部最优解
遗传算法	全局搜索能力强，能够以相对简单的计算方式得到整体状态空间中的全局最优解

算法名称	特点
粒子群算法	收敛速度快，但易陷入局部最优解
蚁群优化算法	参数设置复杂，如果参数设置不当，易偏离优质解
模拟退火算法	适合搭配粒子群算法、鲸鱼优化算法等使用，否则易陷入局部最优解
遗传算法	全局搜索能力强，能够以相对简单的计算方式得到整体状态空间中的全局最优解

系统设计参数	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
光伏板的安装数量（N_pv）/个	828	1519	748	0
风力机的安装数量（N_wt）/台	92	773	184	123
膜组件的数量（N_mem）/个	205	259	244	185
可逆式水泵水轮机（P_p-t）	534	652	834	432
上游水库的容积（V_rc）/m³	4805	11533	9627	6346
水需求满足率（F_ds,w）	0.99	0.99	0.9921	0.9906
电需求满足率（F_ds,e）	0.9901	0.9934	0.99	0.99
能源过剩率（EXC）	0.02	0.02	0.0198	0.02
光伏发电系统费用（LCC_pv）/万元	94.91	174.12	85.74	0
风力发电系统费用（LCC_wt）/万元	92.63	781.07	185.77	124.15
反渗透系统费用（LCC_RO）/万元	309.63	376.39	358.09	284.24
抽水储能系统费用（LCC_ps）/万元	41.87	58.75	66.18	38.84
系统总年费（TAC）/万元	539.04	1390.33	695.78	447.23

系统设计参数	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
光伏板的安装数量（N_pv）/个	828	1519	748	0
风力机的安装数量（N_wt）/台	92	773	184	123
膜组件的数量（N_mem）/个	205	259	244	185
可逆式水泵水轮机（P_p-t）	534	652	834	432
上游水库的容积（V_rc）/m³	4805	11533	9627	6346
水需求满足率（F_ds,w）	0.99	0.99	0.9921	0.9906
电需求满足率（F_ds,e）	0.9901	0.9934	0.99	0.99
能源过剩率（EXC）	0.02	0.02	0.0198	0.02
光伏发电系统费用（LCC_pv）/万元	94.91	174.12	85.74	0
风力发电系统费用（LCC_wt）/万元	92.63	781.07	185.77	124.15
反渗透系统费用（LCC_RO）/万元	309.63	376.39	358.09	284.24
抽水储能系统费用（LCC_ps）/万元	41.87	58.75	66.18	38.84
系统总年费（TAC）/万元	539.04	1390.33	695.78	447.23

[1]	熊远帆, 李华山, 龚宇烈. 非共沸工质蒸发式冷凝器多目标优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 2950-2960.
[2]	王东亮, 李婧玮, 孟文亮, 杨勇, 周怀荣, 范宗良. 二氧化碳加氢制甲醇过程碳氢利用率的影响因素与工艺优化分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2843-2850.
[3]	刘思宇, 杨卷, 陈培, 陈祖田, 闫斌, 刘育红, 邱介山. 富氮多孔碳纳米片的氮掺杂构型调控及其储锌性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2673-2683.
[4]	陈俊先, 刘震, 焦文磊, 张天钰, 吕家孟, 姬忠礼. 基于微波谐振原理的天然气管道内液滴浓度测量方法[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 734-742.
[5]	衡霖宇, 邓卓然, 程道建, 魏彬, 赵利强. 高通量合成装置强化金属催化剂制备过程的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 246-259.
[6]	孙玉玉, 蔡鑫磊, 汤吉海, 黄晶晶, 黄益平, 刘杰. 反应精馏合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯工艺优化及节能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 56-63.
[7]	陈匡胤, 李蕊兰, 童杨, 沈建华. 质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层结构与设计研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 246-259.
[8]	王晨, 白浩良, 康雪. 大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO₂光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[9]	刘炫麟, 王驿凯, 戴苏洲, 殷勇高. 热泵中氨基甲酸铵分解反应特性及反应器结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4522-4530.
[10]	薛凯, 王帅, 马金鹏, 胡晓阳, 种道彤, 王进仕, 严俊杰. 工业园区分布式综合能源系统的规划与调度[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3510-3519.
[11]	周龙大, 赵立新, 徐保蕊, 张爽, 刘琳. 电场-旋流耦合强化多相介质分离研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3443-3456.
[12]	李蓝宇, 黄新烨, 王笑楠, 邱彤. 化工科研范式智能化转型的思考与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3325-3330.
[13]	顾诗亚, 董亚超, 刘琳琳, 张磊, 庄钰, 都健. 考虑中间节点的碳捕集管路系统设计与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2799-2808.
[14]	李雪, 王艳君, 王玉超, 陶胜洋. 仿生表面用于雾水收集的最新研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2486-2503.
[15]	孙潇, 朱光涛, 裴爱国. 氢液化装置产业化与研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1103-1117.