氢液化装置产业化与研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0899

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液氢能量密度高，作为氢的储运形式在远距离运输上具有成本优势。在减碳政策引导下，全球范围内液氢市场将进一步扩大，但氢液化装置能耗过高制约了液氢市场的发展。本文聚焦于国内外氢液化装置产业化现状，调研了国内外液氢产能和氢液化装置供应商；回顾了国际上两个典型氢液化装置的建设情况、流程特点和关键性能指标；梳理了近几年文献公开的氢液化流程的预冷方式、液氢产量和能耗，并且详细介绍了日本WE-NET项目和欧洲IDEALHY项目的氢液化流程；总结了氢液化装置的技术难点和发展现状。分析表明，低能耗氢液化流程设计已相对成熟，提升核心设备的效率和可靠性、完善液化过程的动态控制策略是推动氢液化装置产业化的关键。大型氢液化装置实现规模效应、小型氢液化装置提升启停能力是两个重要的发展方向。

关键词: 氢, 液化, 制造, 热力学过程, 优化设计

Abstract:

Liquid hydrogen has high energy density, and it has cost advantage in long-distance transportation. Under the guidance of carbon reduction policies, the global liquid hydrogen market will be further expanded. However, the liquid hydrogen market is restricted by the high energy consumption of hydrogen liquefier. This study focused on the industrialization status of hydrogen liquefier. First, domestic and foreign liquid hydrogen production capacity and liquefier providers are investigated. Then, the construction status, thermodynamic process and key performance parameters of two typical hydrogen liquefiers are reviewed. Further, the pre-cooling methods, liquid hydrogen production capacity and energy consumption of hydrogen liquefaction processes published in recent years are summarized, and the hydrogen liquefaction processes of WE-NET project and IDEALHY project are introduced in detail. In addition, the technical difficulties of hydrogen liquefier are described. The analysis showes that improving the efficiency and reliability of core equipment and developing the dynamic control strategy of liquefaction process are the keys to promote the industrialization of hydrogen liquefier. Large-scale hydrogen liquefier to achieve scale effect and small-scale hydrogen liquefier to improve the start-stop speed are two important development directions.

Key words: hydrogen, liquefaction, manufacture, thermodynamics process, optimal design

中图分类号:

TK91

孙潇, 朱光涛, 裴爱国. 氢液化装置产业化与研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1103-1117.

SUN Xiao, ZHU Guangtao, PEI Aiguo. Industrialization and research progress of hydrogen liquefier[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1103-1117.

图/表 16

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文献	美国	加拿大	欧洲	亚洲（含中国）	中国
Krasae-in等^①（2010）^[12]	214	81	29.4	20.6	0.6
Aasadnia和Mehrpooya^①（2018）^[7]	214	81	29.4	29.2	0.6
Decker（2019）^[13]	241	51	20	33.5	2.5
陈双涛等（2020）^[14]	>326	80	24	38.3	4
Elgowainy和Frank（2022）^[15]	206	57	—	—	—

文献	美国	加拿大	欧洲	亚洲（含中国）	中国
Krasae-in等^①（2010）^[12]	214	81	29.4	20.6	0.6
Aasadnia和Mehrpooya^①（2018）^[7]	214	81	29.4	29.2	0.6
Decker（2019）^[13]	241	51	20	33.5	2.5
陈双涛等（2020）^[14]	>326	80	24	38.3	4
Elgowainy和Frank（2022）^[15]	206	57	—	—	—

建设年份	经营者	所在城市	液氢产量 /t·d^-1	设备来源
1995	航天101所	北京	0.5	林德
2007	航天101所	北京	1	法液空
2011	蓝星航天化工	西昌	1	法液空
2012	蓝星航天化工	文昌	2.5	法液空
2020	鸿达兴业	乌海	—	航天101所
2021	航天101所	北京	1.7	90%国产
2022	中科富海	中山	1.5	全国产

建设年份	经营者	所在城市	液氢产量 /t·d^-1	设备来源
1995	航天101所	北京	0.5	林德
2007	航天101所	北京	1	法液空
2011	蓝星航天化工	西昌	1	法液空
2012	蓝星航天化工	文昌	2.5	法液空
2020	鸿达兴业	乌海	—	航天101所
2021	航天101所	北京	1.7	90%国产
2022	中科富海	中山	1.5	全国产

建设时间	经营者	所在城市	液氢产量/t·d^-1	设备来源
2020年签约	林德、上海华谊	嘉兴	—	林德
2021年开工	嘉化能源	嘉兴	1.5	航天101所
2021年开工	河北旭阳	定州	1	—
2022年投产	空气化工产品	海盐	30	空气化工产品
2022年投产	中科富海	北京	5	中科富海
2022年投产	中科昊海	阜阳	1.5	中科富海
2022年开工	齐鲁氢能（山东）	淄博	10	江苏国富氢能（引进俄罗斯工艺）
2022年开工	空气产品久泰(内蒙古)	呼和浩特	30	空气化工产品
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