非共沸工质蒸发式冷凝器多目标优化设计

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0771

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将蒸发式冷凝器应用于非共沸有机朗肯循环可以有效提高系统的热经济性。建立了蒸发式冷凝器的Kriging代理模型，以R601a组分质量分数、空气流量、喷淋水流量作为决策变量，换热面积和㶲效率为目标函数，开展了目标函数的影响因素分析，并采用非支配排序遗传算法和TOPSIS决策法开展多目标优化。结果表明，影响因素分析中，空气流量对目标函数的影响程度比喷淋水流量更大，而R601a组分质量分数为0.7左右时，换热面积有最小值且㶲效率有最大值；Pareto前沿中，R601a组分质量分数对蒸发式冷凝器的设计存在最佳的取值范围，而空气流量、喷淋水流量的取值范围较广，几乎涵盖其整个变化范围。成本低、占用空间小且对可用能的有效利用程度大的方案为：R601a组分质量分数0.725，空气流量81.017kg/s，喷淋水流量58.302kg/s。对应的换热面积为316.883m²，㶲效率为0.428。

关键词: 蒸发式冷凝器, 非共沸, 代理模型, 多目标, 优化设计

Abstract:

Applying evaporative condenser to zeotropic organic Rankine cycle can effectively improve the thermal economy of the system. After establishing the Kriging surrogate model of evaporative condenser, by taking the R601a component mass fraction, air flow rate and spray water flow rate flow as decision variables, and the heat exchange area and exergy efficiency as objective functions, analysis of influencing factors of the objective function was conducted, and multi-objective optimization was carried out using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and TOPSIS decision method. The results showed that in the analysis of influencing factors, the influence of air flow rate on the objective function was greater than that of spray water flow rate, and when the mass fraction of R601a was about 0.7, the heat exchange area had a minimum value and the exergy efficiency had a maximum value. In Pareto front, the mass fraction of R601a component had the best value range for the design of evaporative condenser, while the value range of air flow rate and spray water flow rate was wide, covering almost the whole range of variation. The scheme with low cost, small occupied space and high effective utilization of available energy was: R601a component mass fraction of 0.725, air flow rate of 81.017kg/s, spray water flow rate of 58.302kg/s, corresponding heat exchange area of 316.883m², and exergy efficiency of 0.428.

Key words: evaporative condenser, zeotropic, surrogate model, multi-objective, optimal design

中图分类号:

TK124

熊远帆, 李华山, 龚宇烈. 非共沸工质蒸发式冷凝器多目标优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 2950-2960.

XIONG Yuanfan, LI Huashan, GONG Yulie. Multi-objective optimal design of evaporative condenser using zeotropic working fluid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(6): 2950-2960.

图/表 12

参考文献 30

1	王国华. 复合蒸发式空冷器管束腐蚀分析及措施[J]. 炼油技术与工程, 2019, 49(12): 45-48.
	WANG Guohua. Corrosion analysis and measures of tube bundle of composite evaporative air cooler[J]. Petroleum Refinery Engineering, 2019, 49(12): 45-48.
2	YANG Hua, XU Chang, YANG Bin, et al. Performance analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle system using evaporative condenser for sewage heat recovery in the petrochemical industry[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 205: 112402.
3	ZALEWSKI Wojciech, GRYGLASZEWSKI Piotr Antoni. Mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in evaporative fluid coolers[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 1997, 36(4): 271-280.
4	QURESHI Bilal A, ZUBAIR Syed M. The impact of fouling on performance evaluation of evaporative coolers and condensers[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2005, 29(14): 1313-1330.
5	HEYNS J A, KRÖGER D G. Experimental investigation into the thermal-flow performance characteristics of an evaporative cooler[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, 30(5): 492-498.
6	FIORENTINO M, STARACE G. The design of countercurrent evaporative condensers with the hybrid method[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 130: 889-898.
7	WEI Junqing, LIU Jinping, XU Xiongwen, et al. Experimental and computational investigation of the thermal performance of a vertical tube evaporative condenser[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 160: 114100.
8	STARACE Giuseppe, FALCICCHIA Lorenzo, PANICO Pierpaolo, et al. Experimental performance comparison between circular and elliptical tubes in evaporative condensers[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2022, 147(11): 6363-6373.
9	刘焕成, 蔡祖康. 蒸发式冷凝器热力计算的简化方法[J]. 上海交大科技, 1990(2): 88-93.
	LIU Huancheng, CAI Zukang. Simplified method for thermodynamic calculation of evaporative condenser[J]. China Industrial Economics, 1990(2): 88-93.
10	朱冬生, 涂爱民, 李元希, 等. 蒸发式冷却器/闭式冷却塔的应用前景及其设计计算[C] //中国制冷学会2007年学术年会论文集. 杭州 2007: 249-253.
	ZHU Dongsheng, TU Aiming, LI Yuanxi, et al. JIANG Xiang. Design and application prospect of evaporative cooler/closed-wet cooling tower[C] // Compilation of Papers at the 2007 Academic Annual Meeting of the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, 2007: 249-253.
11	唐伟杰, 张旭. 蒸发式冷凝器的换热模型与解析解[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(7): 942-946.
	TANG Weijie, ZHANG Xu. Heat exchange model and its analytic solution of evaporative condenser[J]. Journal of Tongji University, 2005, 33(7): 942-946.
12	尾花英朗. 热交换器设计手册[M]. 徐忠权, 译. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1981.
	Hideo Fleur. Heat exchanger design manual[M]. XU Zhongquan, trans. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1981.
13	区志江, 朱冬生. 蒸发式凝汽器的设计优化[J]. 流体机械, 2011, 39(10): 72-77, 82.
	Zhingjiang OU, ZHU Dongsheng. Design optimization of evaporative condenser[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2011, 39(10): 72-77, 82.
14	申江, 张聪, 路坤仑. 蒸发式冷凝器传热传质性能研究[J]. 低温工程, 2015(1): 45-48, 68.
	SHEN Jiang, ZHANG Cong, LU Kunlun. Experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer in evaporative condenser[J]. Cryogenics, 2015(1): 45-48, 68.
15	王飞飞, 杨永安, 赵瑞昌, 等. 不同进风方式下蒸发式冷凝器的研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2018, 46(10): 55-59.
	WANG Feifei, YANG Yongan, ZHAO Ruichang, et al. Study on evaporative condenser under different inlet modes[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2018, 46(10): 55-59.
16	陆刘记, 张胜利, 侯俊峰, 等. 肋片板式蒸发冷凝器传热性能及优化研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2022, 50(1): 27-32, 75.
	LU Liuji, ZHANG Shengli, HOU Junfeng, et al. Optimization and research on the performance of heat transer and flow resistance in internal fin-plate evaporative condenser[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2022, 50(1): 27-32, 75.
17	周颖艳, 杜小泽, 杨立军, 等. 吸收烟气余热的非共沸混合工质蒸发换热特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(8): 9-15, 4.
	ZHOU Yingyan, DU Xiaoze, YANG Lijun, et al. Heat transfer characteristics of zeotropic mixtures in an ORC evaporator heated by exhaust gas[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(8): 9-15, 4.
18	LI Tailu, ZHU Jialing, ZHANG Wei. Cascade utilization of low temperature geothermal water in oilfield combined power generation, gathering heat tracing and oil recovery[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 40: 27-35.
19	GARG Pardeep, KUMAR Pramod, SRINIVASAN Kandadai, et al. Evaluation of isopentane, R-245fa and their mixtures as working fluids for organic Rankine cycles[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 51(1/2): 292-300.
20	HE Chao, LIU Chao, GAO Hong, et al. The optimal evaporation temperature and working fluids for subcritical organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2012, 38(1): 136-143.
21	XI Huan, LI Mingjia, HE Yaling, et al. Economical evaluation and optimization of organic Rankine cycle with mixture working fluids using R245fa as flame retardant[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 113: 1056-1070.
22	何川, 郭立君, 潘良明. 泵与风机[M]. 5版. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2008: 55.
	HE Chuan, GUO Lijun, PAN Liangming. Pump and fan[M]. 5th ed. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2008: 55.
23	ZHANG Lixin, ZHANG Chao, LIU Jingnan, et al. Nominal condensing capacity and performance evaluation of evaporative condenser[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 107: 79-85.
24	黄泽好, 黄荆荣. 基于代理模型的消声器噪声和背压多目标优化[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(11): 201-208.
	HUANG Zehao, HUANG Jingrong. Multi-objective optimization of muffler noise and back pressure based on surrogate model[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 44(11): 201-208.
25	王威, 胡鹏程, 张攀, 等. 基于代理模型技术的玻璃纤维复合装甲抗弹性能多目标优化设计[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(18): 16-24.
	WANG Wei, HU Pengcheng, ZHANG Pan, et al. Multi-objective optimization of the ballistic resistance of a glass fiber reinforced composite armor based on a surrogate model[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(18): 16-24.
26	陈国栋. 基于代理模型的多目标优化方法及其在车身设计中的应用[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2012.
	CHEN Guodong. Multi-objective optimization method based on metamodel and its applications in vehicle body design[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2012.
27	季宁, 张卫星, 于洋洋, 等. 基于最优拉丁超立方抽样方法和NSGA-Ⅱ算法的注射成型多目标优化[J]. 工程塑料应用, 2020, 48(3): 72-77.
	JI Ning, ZHANG Weixing, YU Yangyang, et al. Multi-objective optimization of injection molding based on optimal Latin hypercube sampling method and NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2020, 48(3): 72-77.
28	黄仁龙, 罗向龙, 梁志辉, 等. 基于分液冷凝的R245fa/pentane混合工质朗肯循环多目标优化[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(5): 2040-2048.
	HUANG Renlong, LUO Xianglong, LIANG Zhihui, et al. Multi-objective optimization of Rankine cycle using R245fa/pentane based on liquid-vapor separation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(5): 2040-2048.
29	谢江维, 李春利, 黄国明. 响应面法耦合NSGA-Ⅱ算法的隔壁塔结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(8): 2962-2971.
	XIE Jiangwei, LI Chunli, HUANG Guoming. Structural optimization of dividing wall column using response surface methodology coupled with NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(8): 2962-2971.
30	李恩腾, 徐英杰, 谢小东, 等. 数据驱动的跨临界CO₂热泵多目标优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(5): 1657-1666.
	LI Enteng, XU Yingjie, XIE Xiaodong, et al. Data-driven multi-objective optimization design of transcritical CO₂ heat pump[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(5): 1657-1666.

参数	氨气	水蒸气
入口空气干球温度/℃	32.52	24.32
入口空气湿球温度/℃	24.91	21.36
质量流量/t·h^-1	1.51	2.56
工质冷凝压力/kPa	1460.30	21.00
冷凝传热系数/W·m^-2·℃^-1	858.17	864.28

参数	氨气	水蒸气
入口空气干球温度/℃	32.52	24.32
入口空气湿球温度/℃	24.91	21.36
质量流量/t·h^-1	1.51	2.56
工质冷凝压力/kPa	1460.30	21.00
冷凝传热系数/W·m^-2·℃^-1	858.17	864.28

参数	本文模型计算面积 /m²	文献[23]冷凝器换热面积 /m²	相对误差 /%
氨气	110.4185	114.28	3.38
水蒸气	110.6200	114.28	3.20

参数	本文模型计算面积 /m²	文献[23]冷凝器换热面积 /m²	相对误差 /%
氨气	110.4185	114.28	3.38
水蒸气	110.6200	114.28	3.20

参数	初始值	变化范围
空气干球温度t_db/℃	32.00	—
空气湿球温度t_wb/℃	27.00	—
空气压力P_air/kPa	101.33	—
冷凝工质	R601a/R245fa	—
R601a组分质量分数M	0.50	0~1.00
冷凝热负荷Q_cond/kW	2000.00	—
出口工质温度/℃	37.00	—
出口工质状态	饱和	—
空气流量G_a/kg·s^-1	118.035	78.69~157.38
喷淋水流量G_w/kg·s^-1	48.338	32.22~64.44
冷凝器长/m	5.00	—
冷凝器宽/m	3.00	—
换热管外径D_o/mm	25.00	—
换热管水平间距P_t/mm	50.00	—
换热管厚度δ/mm	2.50	—