气力输送颗粒系统中静电的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1341

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 565-578.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1341

• 专栏：多相流测试 • 下一篇

气力输送颗粒系统中静电的研究进展

刘浩宇¹(), 赵彦琳¹(), 姚军¹, WANG Chi-Hwa²

^1.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院，清洁能源科学与技术国际联合实验室，过程流体过滤与分离技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
^2.新加坡国立大学化学与生物分子工程系，新加坡肯特岗 117585

收稿日期:2023-08-07 修回日期:2023-09-14 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-07
通讯作者: 赵彦琳
作者简介:刘浩宇（1998—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为多相流数值计算、颗粒静电。E-mail：3462693752@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52376156);外国专家项目(G2022122006L)

Research advances of electrostatics in pneumatic conveying granules systems

LIU Haoyu¹(), ZHAO Yanlin¹(), YAO Jun¹, WANG Chi-Hwa²

^1.International Joint Laboratory on Clean Energy Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
^2.Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117585, Singapore

Received:2023-08-07 Revised:2023-09-14 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-07
Contact: ZHAO Yanlin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在过去的几十年里，由于许多工业问题和相关新技术的发展，颗粒和颗粒流的静电学得到了越来越多的关注。颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-壁面之间发生碰撞从而产生静电。静电的发生会受多种因素的影响，随着颗粒与壁面之间的接触会在它们的表面产生静电荷的积累，静电量可以达到饱和状态。本文分别综述了气力输送颗粒系统中的静电发生及静电平衡，着重分析了颗粒与壁面之间接触带电的两种方式（碰撞带电和摩擦带电）、颗粒流模式及受力情况，讨论了颗粒带电过程所受的影响因素，包括外界条件（温度、相对湿度）、颗粒几何条件（尺寸、形状、接触面积、粗糙度）以及受力条件（摩擦力、常压）等。此外，对气力输送颗粒系统中静电的数值计算作了简单介绍。最后，为澄清气力输送颗粒系统中静电发生的机理，对单颗粒发生静电的物理机制进行了分析。根据对相关研究结果的总结，发现由于碰撞或摩擦造成的电荷转移的工作机制尚未完全明了，这些问题将在未来逐步得到解决。

关键词: 静电效应, 颗粒, 气力输送, 接触带电

Abstract:

In past decades, the electrostatics of granules and granular flows has obtained more and more attention due to many industrial problems and development of new technologies. The collisions between granule-granule and granule-wall generate electrostatics. The occurrence of electrostatic can be affected by a variety of factors. As the contact between the granular and the wall, the accumulation of electrostatic charge on their surfaces can reach to an equilibrium state. The present work reviewed electrostatic generation and electrostatic equilibrium in pneumatic conveying granules systems. Two main contact charging ways between granule and wall (collision electrification and friction electrification), granular flow pattern and dynamic analysis were analyzed emphatically. The factors affecting the charging process of granules were discussed, including external conditions (temperature, relative humidity), granules geometry conditions (size, shape, contact area, roughness) and stress conditions. Besides, the numerical calculations of electrostatics in pneumatic conveying granules systems were introduced briefly. Finally, in order to clarify the mechanism of electrostatics in the pneumatic conveying granules systems, the physical mechanism of electrostatics in single granules was analyzed. This review revealed that the working mechanism of electron transfer due to collision or friction remains was not fully understood. These issues is expected to be resolved gradually in the future.

Key words: electrostatic interactions, granules, pneumatic conveying, contact electrification

中图分类号:

刘浩宇, 赵彦琳, 姚军, WANG Chi-Hwa. 气力输送颗粒系统中静电的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 565-578.

LIU Haoyu, ZHAO Yanlin, YAO Jun, WANG Chi-Hwa. Research advances of electrostatics in pneumatic conveying granules systems[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(2): 565-578.

图/表 17

图1 颗粒滑动模型[19]

图2 滑动和滚动的接触宽度示意图[20]

图3 摩擦充电时间对颗粒获取静电荷的影响[22]

图4 不同气流流速下的三种颗粒流模式[2]

图5 水平输送管道中颗粒流的五种模式[27]

图6 三种流型在水平管处获得的电流进行积分得到的静电荷与时间的关系[2]

图7 不同相对湿度下感应电流与时间的关系[2]

图8 气力输送颗粒系统中垂直管段抗静电剂对静电平衡的影响[12]

图9 颗粒与管壁碰撞模型[39]

图10 槽流中不同时刻下带电颗粒在湍流场中的瞬时分布图[74]σ—颗粒平均电荷；u+—瞬时主流速度；τ—时间常数

图11 圆管径向等值面y+=5上的惯性颗粒在低速条纹时的瞬时分布图 [78]

图12 y+=10等值面上在带和瞬时主流速度的分布[80]γ—流体局部剪切率；uz+—瞬时主流速度；θ—圆形截面流体流动的角度分布；z/R—沿着管长方向的量纲为1位置；C, D, E—三种典型的颗粒分布位置；t+—特征时间尺度

图13 单粒摩擦起电测量装置1—支架；2—金属板；3—法拉第杯；4—单颗粒；5—静电计；6—计算机；7—高速摄像机[6]

图14 颗粒多次滑动静电发生饱和静电[19]

图15 正应力对颗粒静电发生的影响[7]

图16 由砂纸研磨聚氯乙烯/聚丙烯（PVC/PP）颗粒的三维表面形貌[83]

图17 不同湿度对颗粒产生静电荷的影响 [7]

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气力输送颗粒系统中静电的研究进展

Research advances of electrostatics in pneumatic conveying granules systems

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