高温密封润滑膜汽液固流动特性数值计算分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0656

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用Eulerian多相流模型和蒸发冷凝模型，建立了涉及高温汽化、固体颗粒、黏温效应及牛顿流体内摩擦效应的动压型机械密封润滑膜汽液固三相流动模型，计算分析了润滑膜汽液固流动特性随工况的变化规律，以及润滑膜汽化、固体颗粒分布及密封性能的影响关系。研究表明：润滑膜汽化和固体颗粒分布均主要位于槽堰区，汽相和固体颗粒相之间存在相互制约关系；高介质温度导致的液相汽化和黏度下降使流体动压减弱，因而导致外槽根高压区不明显甚至消失。润滑膜汽化程度随转速增大呈先减小后缓慢增大变化规律，存在汽化抑制转速区且随介质温度的升高而向高速方向移动；固体颗粒体积分数在接近汽化抑制转速区时出现快速增大；介质压力增大至一定数值时出现固体颗粒体积分数迅速降至零附近的现象，且介质温度越高出现速降的介质压力越小；介质温度高于423K后，润滑膜开启力、泄漏量和摩擦扭矩均会在接近汽化抑制转速时出现由平缓变化到加速变化的过程。

关键词: 高温机械密封, 汽液固流动, 汽化, 固体颗粒, 密封性能

Abstract:

Using the Eulerian multiphase flow model and the evaporative condensation model, a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase flow model of the dynamic pressure mechanical seal lubricating film involving high-temperature vaporization, solid particles, viscosity-temperature effects and Newtonian fluid internal friction effects was established, the variation law of the vapor-liquid-solid flow characteristics of the lubricating film with the working conditions, and the relationship between the vaporization of the lubricating film, the distribution of solid particles and the sealing performance were calculated and analyzed. The research showed that the vaporization of the lubricating film and the distribution of solid particles were mainly located in the groove and weir area, and there was a mutual restraint relationship between the vapor phase and the solid particle phase. Liquid phase vaporization and viscosity drop caused by high medium temperature weakened fluid dynamic pressure, which would cause the high pressure area of the outer groove root to be indistinct or even disappear. The degree of vaporization of the lubricating film decreased first and then increased slowly with the increase of the speed. There was a vaporization-inhibiting speed zone and moves to the high-speed direction with the increase of the medium temperature. The volume fraction of solid particles increased rapidly when approaching the vaporization inhibition speed region. When the medium pressure increased to a certain value, the phenomenon that the volume fraction of solid particles rapidly dropped to near zero occurs, and the higher the medium temperature, the smaller the medium pressure of the rapid drop. When the medium temperature was higher than 423K, the lubricating film opening force, leakage amount, and friction torque all changed from gentle to accelerated changes near the vaporization suppression speed.

Key words: high temperature mechanical seal, vapor-liquid-solid flow, vaporization, solid particles, sealing performance

中图分类号:

TH136

侯婉, 陈汇龙, 程谦, 陈英健, 卫泽鹏, 赵斌娟. 高温密封润滑膜汽液固流动特性数值计算分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 699-710.

HOU Wan, CHEN Huilong, CHENG Qian, CHEN Yingjian, WEI Zepeng, ZHAO Binjuan. Numerical calculation and analysis of vapor-liquid-solid flow characteristics of high temperature sealing lubricating film[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 699-710.

图/表 22

图1 机械密封动环端面造型

表1 端面及槽型几何参数

几何参数	数值
液膜内半径 r_i/mm	25
液膜外半径 r_o/mm	31
槽根圆半径 r_g/mm	28
螺旋角 θ/(°)	20
槽宽比 γ	0.5
槽径比 β	0.5
槽深 h_c/μm	8
槽数 N_g	12
非槽区液膜厚度 h/μm	4

表2 介质物性参数

水的物性参数	数值
密度ρ/kg·m^-3	998.2
比热容c/J·kg^-1·K^-1	4287~4364
热导率k/W·m^-1·K^-1	0.71~0.74
密封介质温度T/K	423~463
动力黏度μ/10^-4Pa·s^[13]	0.995~1.613

表3 密封环材料物性参数

项目	动环	静环
材料	SiC（碳化硅）	grp（碳石墨）
密度ρ/kg·m^-3	3175	1810
比热容c/J·kg^-1·K^-1	710	880
热导率k/W·m^-1·K^-1	150	45

图2 1/Ng润滑膜网格及边界条件

图3 不同网格数下的汽固相体积分数和开启力计算结果

图4 固体颗粒体积分数模拟结果对比

图5 润滑膜压力分布计算结果对比

图6 润滑膜容积含液率分布计算结果对比

图7 润滑膜温度分布对比

图8 润滑膜压力分布对比图

图9 汽相分布云图

图10 固体颗粒分布云图

图11 不同工况下的润滑膜温度分布云图

图12 不同工况下的润滑膜压力分布云图

图13 不同工况下润滑膜汽相分布云图

图14 平均汽相体积分数随工况的变化规律

图15 不同工况下润滑膜固体颗粒分布云图

图16 固体颗粒体积分数随工况的变化规律

图17 不同介质温度时润滑膜开启力随转速变化规律

图18 不同介质温度时泄漏量随转速的变化规律

图19 不同介质温度时摩擦扭矩随转速变化规律

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