边界压力波动对液膜端面机械密封空化及性能的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2481

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泵在流量调节、流体激振等工况下会发生大范围的压力波动，易导致机械密封“失稳”，影响泵体安全运行。本文通过建立螺旋槽型三维液膜模型，采用Mixture多相流模型及Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型，探究边界压力波动对密封液膜端面空化及密封性能演变规律。结果表明，边界压力波动工况下，气相体积分数波动与压力波动之间存在相位差；相比于外径侧压力波动，内径侧压力波动对端面空化的影响较大；外径侧压力波动对密封性能的影响较小且跟随性较好，内径侧压力波动工况则相反；此外，内径侧压力波动工况下，临界压力使得气相体积分数为0且临界压力与波动周期有关，端面空化消失致使密封性能曲线急剧变化。基于边界压力波动对液膜密封的影响研究，泵用机械密封应采取旋转式密封形式（压力波动作用在外径侧），以减小泵内压力波动对机械密封产生的影响。

关键词: 压力波动, 机械密封, 空化, 密封性能

Abstract:

Under the working conditions of flow regulation and fluid excitation, the pump will have a wide range of pressure fluctuation, which is easy to lead to the "instability" of the mechanical seal and affect the safe operation of the pump. By establishing the spiral groove three-dimensional liquid film model, using the Mixture multiphase flow model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, the evolution law of boundary pressure fluctuation on the end face cavitation and sealing performance of sealing liquid film is explored. The results showed that there was a phase difference between gas volume fraction fluctuation and pressure fluctuation under the condition of boundary pressure fluctuation. Compared with the pressure fluctuation on the outside diameter side, the pressure fluctuation on the inside diameter side had a greater impact on the end face cavitation. The pressure fluctuation on the outer diameter side had little effect on the sealing performance and had good follow-up, while the pressure fluctuation on the inner diameter side was the opposite. In addition, under the condition of inner diameter side pressure fluctuation, there was a critical pressure that mad the gas phase volume fraction 0, and the critical pressure was related to the fluctuation period. The end face cavitation disappeared, resulting in a sharp change in the sealing performance curve. Based on the research on the influence of boundary pressure fluctuation on liquid film seal, the pump mechanical seal should adopt the form of rotary seal (pressure fluctuation acts on the outer diameter side) to reduce the influence of pressure fluctuation in the pump on the mechanical seal.

Key words: pressure fluctuation, mechanical seal, cavitation, sealing performance

中图分类号:

TB42

张金亚, 张家祥, 沈宗沼, 陈逸. 边界压力波动对液膜端面机械密封空化及性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(10): 5175-5187.

ZHANG Jinya, ZHANG Jiaxiang, SHEN Zongzhao, CHEN Yi. Influence of boundary pressure fluctuation on cavitation and performance of liquid film end face mechanical seal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(10): 5175-5187.

图/表 20

图1 螺旋槽机械密封示意图

图2 机械密封示意图

图3 单螺旋槽网格划分策略

图4 网格无关性验证

图5 密封端面空化分布验证

图6 密封端面压力分布验证

图7 计算流程

图8 外径侧压力波动对空化及密封性能的影响

图9 外径侧压力波动密封端面空化演变

图10 内径侧压力波动对空化及密封性能的影响

图11 内径侧压力波动密封端面空化演变

图12 内径侧压力波动密封端面压力分布

图13 外径侧压力波动

图14 气相体积分数随时间变化

图15 开启力随时间变化

图16 泄漏量随时间变化

图17 内径侧压力波动

图18 气相体积分数随时间变化

图19 开启力随时间变化

图20 泄漏量随时间变化

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