长余辉发光材料在应急疏散标识中的应用形态

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2540

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

视觉标识系统在体育场馆的应急疏散中起着关键的作用。在无源情况下能够自行发光的长余辉材料被认为是制作应急指示标识的理想材料。然而，长余辉材料大多为粉末颗粒，需要制成不同的应用形态以满足不同场景。本文对目前长余辉材料的应用形态进行梳理和总结，分别从长余辉荧光粉-玻璃复合材料、长余辉荧光粉-硅胶/聚合物复合材料、长余辉荧光粉-包覆材料和纳米长余辉荧光材料等方面阐述了不同材料形态的应用效果。文中指出，长余辉材料应用于应急标识的关键问题是通过包覆介质与外界环境隔绝。与此同时，应避免介质本身与长余辉材料起反应。另外，介质材料还应具有防火、防水和低成本等要求。未来，除了进一步拓展现有应用形态，如包覆并制成涂料、水泥沙浆，与聚合物、玻璃复合等，还应研究长余辉材料与介质的反应机理以及复合后的力学性能变化，并探索新型包覆介质。

关键词: 长余辉, 应急疏散, 指示标识, 颗粒改性

Abstract:

Visual identification system plays a key role in the emergency evacuation of large-scale stadiums. Persistence luminescent materials that can emit light without external energy supply are considered as ideal candidates for emergency signage. Most of the persistent luminescence materials are synthesized into powder particles, and they need to be further fabricated into different application forms to meet the various scenarios of large-scale stadiums. In this paper, the application forms of persistent luminescence materials were summarized. The applications of persistent luminescence materials in different forms were described from the aspects of phosphor-glass composite, phosphor-silica gel/polymer composite, surface coating of phosphor particles and nano-sized phosphors. The key was isolation of persistence luminescent materials from the external environment with the help of coating medium. Meanwhile, the possible chemical reaction between persistence luminescent materials and the coating medium needed to be suspended. The coating medium had to meet the requirements of fire prevention, waterproofing and low cost. In the future, besides extending the current application forms, such as performing surface modifications, integrating the powder particles into coatings, cement slurry, polymer and glass composites, more researches were expected in the fields of chemical reaction mechanism between persistence luminescent materials and coating medium, mechanical properties of the composite and new kinds of coating medium.

Key words: persistent luminescence, emergency evacuation, indication signage, particle modification

中图分类号:

O482.31

温芳, 张勃. 长余辉发光材料在应急疏散标识中的应用形态[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 282-292.

WEN Fang, ZHANG Bo. Review on application forms of persistent luminescence materials for emergency evacuation signage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 282-292.

图/表 15

图1 国家体育馆部分内部图

表1 几种长余辉荧光粉的应用形式及场景

应用形式	结合材料种类	特点	应用场景
长余辉荧光粉-包覆材料	SiO₂，Al₂O₃，TiO₂，有机聚合物等	通过包覆提升余辉材料表面疏水性，解决余辉材料在特定环境下的分解和光衰问题；但是现有包覆工艺复杂，大多数产品只能实现中性环境下的性能稳定，无法满足实际应用中面临的极端条件	室内装饰建材或涂料；室外夜间道路标记；水下装饰涂层
长余辉荧光粉-玻璃复合材料	各种透明玻璃基质	制备工艺简单，易于大面积推广使用，对荧光材料的抗热猝灭性能有很大提升；但是玻璃复合材料的内部气泡问题仍需投入更多努力	玻璃装饰材料以及指示性标记；信息存储；LED照明
长余辉荧光粉-硅胶/聚合物复合材料	常用的有硅胶、聚丙烯、织物纤维等	制备工艺简单，得到的产品具有优异的延展性，应用方向广阔；已有研究关于该类应用的探索目前仅限于实验室阶段，无法确定该类材料在湿热条件下的稳定性	信息存储；装饰标记；玩具、服装等

图2 制备PiG材料的示意图

图3 Ce3+:GdAGG GC应用于AC-LED

图4 光信息存储的应用(a) 在PiG薄膜上记录和读取光学信息的示意图；(b) 自然光下的PiG-0 (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+,V3+)薄膜；(c),(d) PiG-0 (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+,V3+)薄膜在黑暗中加热到250℃后的发光图案; (e) PiG-0 (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+,V3+); (f) PiG-1 (Y3Al4GaO12:Ce3+,V3+); (g) PiG-2 (Y3Al3Ga2O12:Ce3+,V3+); (h) 808nm激光刺激下(e), (f), (g)和PiG-3 (Y3Al2Ga3O12:Ce3+,V3+)的发光图案

图5 光信息存储逐位光写入和读出在BaSi2O5: Eu2+,Nd3+-PiG上的应用

图6 BaSi2O5:Eu2+,Nd3+-PiG材料数据存储/读出能力测试

图7 SrAl2O4: Eu2+,Dy3+、CaAl2O4: Eu2+,Nd3+和ZnGa2O4: Cr3+,Bi3+荧光粉在酸性、碱性溶液和水中不同老化时间的照片；对应的PiG材料在酸性、碱性溶液和水中不同老化时间的照片

图8 装饰的釉面墙砖在日光和黑暗条件下的外观

图9 绿色长余辉薄膜材料制备的合成路径图

图10 不同染料染色的发光织物的激发和发射过程示意图

图11 荧光薄膜的照片和发光光谱

图12 柔性介质中的光存储和读出

图13 SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+包覆材料的应用

图14 β-NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4-CaS:Eu,Tm,Ce纳米复合材料的应用

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