化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 5969-5980.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2376

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇    

VOCs在活性炭中的堆积:形成机制及影响因素

周红阳1(), 周逸寰1, 张连秀2, 梁鼎成1, 解强1()   

  1. 1.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083
    2.山东格瑞德集团人工环境产业设计研究院,山东 德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-28 修回日期:2023-03-01 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 解强
  • 作者简介:周红阳(1994—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为多孔炭材料。E-mail:hongyang_zhou@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3701901)

Heel of VOCs in activated carbon: Formation mechanism and influencing factors

ZHOU Hongyang1(), ZHOU Yihuan1, ZHANG Lianxiu2, LIANG Dingcheng1, XIE Qiang1()   

  1. 1.School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2.Institute for Artificial Environment Industry, Shandong Grad Group, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-12-28 Revised:2023-03-01 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-15
  • Contact: XIE Qiang

摘要:

活性炭吸附是含挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)工业有机废气净化的有效方法。然而,在实际应用中常见吸附了VOCs的活性炭难以完全脱附,尤其是在净化含苯乙烯、丁二烯等成分的废气时甚至出现脱附后活性炭吸附容量大幅衰减的现象。本文评价近年来活性炭吸/脱附的研究进展,梳理活性炭吸附性能衰减的原因,识别活性炭孔隙堆积物种类和探讨堆积物的形成机制,以厘清影响堆积形成的关键因素。结果表明,被吸附的VOCs在活性炭循环吸/脱附过程中通过热解、偶联、聚合、热氧化反应及化学吸附等方式形成堆积物,堵塞孔道,堆积物可能是化学吸附物种、半焦/焦炭和聚合物;其中高吸附温度、低再生升温速率、高吹扫气流速、高沸点及动力学直径较大的VOCs和高微孔率的活性炭更易导致堆积形成;脱附温度、再生吹扫气含氧量、VOCs分子结构、活性炭表面官能团及无机成分对堆积的影响还未有定论。研究开发高效再生方法、活性炭定向制备与改性或是缓解堆积的技术途径。

关键词: 挥发性有机物, 活性炭, 堆积, 机制, 影响因素

Abstract:

Activated carbon adsorption is an efficient approach to the purification of industrial organic waste gases containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, it is common that activated carbon adsorbed with VOCs is difficult to be completely desorbed, especially in the purification of exhaust gases containing styrene and butadiene, in which the adsorption capacity of activated carbon decreases significantly after desorption. This paper conducted a critical survey on the state-of-the-art of research on activated carbon adsorption/desorption in recent years, and then summarized the reasons for the decay of adsorption performance of activated carbon, identified the species in the heel substances, as well we discussed heel formation mechanism with aim to clarify the influencing factors. The results indicated that the adsorbed VOCs formed heel and block the pore through pyrolysis, coupling, polymerization, thermal oxidation reactions and chemisorption during the cyclic adsorption/desorption process of activated carbon. Heel may be chemisorbed species, semi-coke/coke and polymers. Factors including high adsorption temperatures, low regeneration heating rates, high purge gas flow rates, VOCs with high boiling points and large kinetic diameters and activated carbons with high microporosity may result in the heel formation; meanwhile, it was difficult to figure out the influence of desorption temperatures, oxygen impurities in desorption purge gas, molecular structure of VOCs, activated carbon surface oxygen groups and inorganic composition at present. More efficient regeneration methods, directional preparation and modification of activated carbon may be the technical ways to mitigate heel in activated carbon during VOCs purification.

Key words: VOCs, activated carbon, heel, mechanism, influencing factor

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