基于层层自组装技术的抗污染膜研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜分离技术已经广泛应用于污水处理领域，但膜污染是制约其进一步发展的主要障碍，开发抗污染膜材料实现节能降耗是目前膜法污水处理领域的研究热点之一。层层自组装作为一种膜表面改性技术，具有组装材料丰富、适用场景广泛、制备条件温和、分子水平结构可控等特点，已被应用于抗污染膜材料的研制中。本文综述了近年来基于层层自组装技术的水处理用抗污染膜的研究进展，在阐释层层自组装技术应用于膜污染控制机制的基础上，重点总结了基膜的选择和处理、抗污染组装单元的种类和复合方式、组装层数、制备方法对膜抗污染性能的影响，并对未来该技术实现膜污染控制的构筑设计和发展方向，如组装过程机制挖掘、制膜工艺优化、制膜成本降低、长期稳定性提升等方面进行了展望。

关键词: 膜, 膜污染, 抗污染膜, 层层自组装, 废水

Abstract:

Membrane technology has been widely applied in the wastewater treatment; however, membrane fouling hinders its further applications. The exploitation of antifouling membranes to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction has been a one of hot topics. As a kind of surface modification strategy, the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique has been explored in the antifouling membrane preparation due to its characteristics of diverse assemble-materials, widely practical scenarios, mild preparation conditions and molecular-scale controllability. In this review, on the basis of clarifying the mechanism of LbL self-assembly technique applied in the membrane fouling control, the effects of selection and pretreatment of base membranes, types of antifouling units and its combination with membranes, the number of assemble layers and preparation methods on the antifouling performance of membranes were summarized. Overall, perspectives of development on the antifouling membranes based on LbL self-assembly technique for wastewater treatment were proposed, such as excavation of the mechanism of assembly process, optimization of membrane fabrication process, reduction of preparation cost and enhancement of long-term stability.

Key words: membrane, membrane fouling, antifouling membrane, layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, waste water

中图分类号:

X703

陈彦睿, 张星冉, 李方. 基于层层自组装技术的抗污染膜研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5956-5968.

CHEN Yanrui, ZHANG Xingran, LI Fang. Research progress of antifouling membranes based on layer-by-layer self-assembly technique[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(11): 5956-5968.

图/表 8

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类别	聚电解质名称	主要功能基团	功能基团电负性X_G^[49-50]	特点	参考文献
阴离子聚电解质	聚苯乙烯磺酸钠，PSS	磺酸基	3.07	亲水性强，与其他的磺酸系物相比，毒性低，阴离子电解活化较好	[51-54]
	木质素磺酸钠，SL	磺酸基	3.07	自然界含量丰富，成本低廉，对环境友好	[55-56]
	聚4-苯乙烯磺酸-马来酸，PSSMA	磺酸基/羧基	3.07/2.69	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[36]
	海藻酸钠，SA	羧基	2.69	价格低廉，亲水性强	[34, 57]
	聚丙烯酸，PAA	羧基	2.69	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[58-60]
	聚甲基丙烯酸，PMAA	甲氧基酰胺基	2.56	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[36]
	羧甲基壳聚糖，NO-CMC	羧基/氨基	2.69/2.61	成本低廉，亲水性强，具有良好抑菌作用	[61]
阳离子聚电解质	聚乙烯亚胺，PEI	氨基	2.61	亲水性强，分子量小，具有较高的电荷密度和反应活性	[62-64]
	聚丙烯胺盐酸盐，PAH			亲水性强，对pH变化不敏感，有抗氯性	[65-66]
	壳聚糖，CS			成本低廉、来源广泛，亲水性强，无毒性	[38, 67]
	聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵，PDDA	季铵基	—	亲水性强，对pH变化不敏感，有抗氯性	[35, 40, 68-70]

类别	聚电解质名称	主要功能基团	功能基团电负性X_G^[49-50]	特点	参考文献
阴离子聚电解质	聚苯乙烯磺酸钠，PSS	磺酸基	3.07	亲水性强，与其他的磺酸系物相比，毒性低，阴离子电解活化较好	[51-54]
	木质素磺酸钠，SL	磺酸基	3.07	自然界含量丰富，成本低廉，对环境友好	[55-56]
	聚4-苯乙烯磺酸-马来酸，PSSMA	磺酸基/羧基	3.07/2.69	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[36]
	海藻酸钠，SA	羧基	2.69	价格低廉，亲水性强	[34, 57]
	聚丙烯酸，PAA	羧基	2.69	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[58-60]
	聚甲基丙烯酸，PMAA	甲氧基酰胺基	2.56	亲水性强，能与水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子形成稳定的络合物	[36]
	羧甲基壳聚糖，NO-CMC	羧基/氨基	2.69/2.61	成本低廉，亲水性强，具有良好抑菌作用	[61]
阳离子聚电解质	聚乙烯亚胺，PEI	氨基	2.61	亲水性强，分子量小，具有较高的电荷密度和反应活性	[62-64]
	聚丙烯胺盐酸盐，PAH			亲水性强，对pH变化不敏感，有抗氯性	[65-66]
	壳聚糖，CS			成本低廉、来源广泛，亲水性强，无毒性	[38, 67]
	聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵，PDDA	季铵基	—	亲水性强，对pH变化不敏感，有抗氯性	[35, 40, 68-70]

类型	聚电解质名称	参考文献
季铵类阳离子聚电解质	2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖，HACC	[73]
季铵类阳离子聚电解质	两亲性季铵壳聚糖，CS612	[87]
胍类阳离子聚电解质	聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐，PHGH	[89, 91]
胍类阳离子聚电解质	聚胍-六亚甲基二胺-PEI，GHPEI	[90]

类型	聚电解质名称	参考文献
季铵类阳离子聚电解质	2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖，HACC	[73]
季铵类阳离子聚电解质	两亲性季铵壳聚糖，CS612	[87]
胍类阳离子聚电解质	聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐，PHGH	[89, 91]
胍类阳离子聚电解质	聚胍-六亚甲基二胺-PEI，GHPEI	[90]

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