碳化物衍生碳的制备及其应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳化物衍生碳（CDC）是除去碳化物中非碳元素后得到的产物，本文综述了卤素刻蚀法、超临界水热法、酸浸泡法、碳化钙反应法、高温热解法、高温熔盐电化学刻蚀法六种制备方法，其中，氯气刻蚀法效率最高。文中指出：CDC因具有轻质、高孔隙率、孔径可调、高比表面积、碳形态多样、生物相容性好等优势，可用于电化学储能（如超级电容器、锂离子电池、燃料电池）、吸附、生物医药和摩擦学领域中；而影响CDC孔结构的因素有很多，如前体类型、反应温度、反应气氛、反应时间、刻蚀方式以及活化方式。通过选择不同的合成参数，可以制备出满足不同应用场景需求的CDC材料。本文还展望了CDC在未来实现商业化的可能性及需要满足的五点要求。

关键词: 碳化物衍生碳, 卤素刻蚀法, 超临界水, 催化剂载体, 电催化

Abstract:

Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) is the product by removing the non-carbon elements from the carbide. It can be synthesized by various methods, such as halogen etching, supercritical hydrothermal process, acid immersion, calcium carbide reaction, high temperature pyrolysis, high temperature molten salt electrochemical etching and so forth, among which the chlorine etching method is the most effective. Due to the advantages of lightweight, high porosity, adjustable pore size, high specific surface area, diverse carbon forms and good biocompatibility, CDC can be used in electrochemical energy storage (such as supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells), adsorption, biomedical and tribology fields. Many synthesis parameters will affect the pore structure of CDC, such as the type of precursor, reaction temperature, reaction atmosphere, reaction time, etching method and activation method. By choosing different synthesis parameters, CDC can be accurately prepared to meet the needs of different application scenarios. In this article, advances in synthesis methods and applications of CDC were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of CDC in practical use were analyzed. The possibility of the commercialization of CDC in the future and five requirements that should be addressed were prospected.

Key words: carbide-derived carbon, halogen etching, supercritical water, catalyst support, electrochemisty

中图分类号:

TB32

唐金琼, 孔勇, 沈晓冬. 碳化物衍生碳的制备及其应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 791-802.

TANG Jinqiong, KONG Yong, SHEN Xiaodong. Advances in the synthesis and application of the carbide-derived carbons[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 791-802.

图/表 1

参考文献 95

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