Ammonia synthesis is a high energy consumption process and it still has great energy-saving potential. Analysis of the distribution of consumption and loss of energy for the present ammonia synthesis industry indicates that the direction of energy-saving is reduction of power providing fuel consumption，i.e.，reduction of reaction pressure. The most potential energy-saving is the reforming section，and the emphasis of energy-saving is the processes with the highest irreversibility，such as combustion reaction，heat transfer process with a high difference in temperature. The key to and the basic way of energy-saving is adjusting the structure of raw materials and introducing high-efficiency ammonia synthesis catalysts，such as novel ZA-5-type Fe_1-xO-based catalyst and matching technology. In order to reduce energy-consumption of the present ammonia synthesis industry，we propose the use of ZA-5 catalyst for large-scale ammonia plant，and restructuring of medium and small-scale ammonia plants from high pressure to low pressure based on application of high-efficiency ammonia catalysts，and a combined production system of ammonia production and energy production based on clean coal gasification as its core technology.

The flow field in stirred tank has a significant effect on mixing，heat and mass transfer and other processes occuring in the stirred tank. Accordingly，investigation on the internal flow field of the stirred tank is of great importance，and computational fluid dynamics（CFD）is one of the most popular methods. In this paper，development of the dimensionality of numerical model of the stirred tank is firstly reviewed. Subsequently，the principle and their applications of nine different stirrer modeling methods in last three decades are presented. Finally，the characteristics of four turbulence models are compared. The future development of turbulence modeling of single-phase turbulent flow field in the stirred tank is discussed.

In the tritium processing system and fuel cycle system of fusion reactors，analysis of hydrogen isotopes is very important．Because their chemical properties are the same，to analyze hydrogen isotopes can only be completed by using their minute difference in physical properties．Gas chromatograph（GC）with cryogenic separation column is one of the best methods for the analysis of hydrogen isotopes．In recent years，significant progress of micro GC has been made . It is expected to shorten analysis time and realize on-line analysis，with promising potential for application．In this review，the materials of chromatographic column，detector，carrier gas and quantitative method are summarized and analyzed，and the application and outlook are also reviewed．

Acoustic fluidized bed is formed by introducing a sound field into a fluidized bed filled with particles as bed matrix. Acoustic field can reduce particle agglomerate size ，and dramatically improve the fluidization quality of particles. The principle of acoustic fluidized bed and the progress of basic research and application of acoustic fluidized bed are presented. The research of acoustic fluidized bed including hydrodynamics characteristics，particle characteristics，sound field parameters ，fluidization model，particle agglomeration and mechanism of fluidization is reviewed. The existing problems and the development of acoustic fluidized bed technology are proposed.

The Reynolds stress model（RSM）was used to predict the gas flow of two cyclones with different vent pipe locations，and particle paths were calculated with the stochastic Lagrangian model. The calculated gas flow field was in reasonable agreement with experiment data. The numerical simulation results indicated that when the vent pipe was excentric，the cyclone obtained greater tangential velocity around the vent pipe，smaller shortcut flow，stronger trend of particles’ centrifugal motion and almost unchanged pressure drop of the cyclone，which resulted in higher collection efficiency and better economical efficiency.

The experiment used the method of SEM and IR to characterize the feature of the ZB-2 alkali anion exchange fiber before and after absorbing capsaicin so as to determine the adsorbing capability of the ion exchange fiber. Then the adsorptive speed of capsaicin on ion exchange fiber was measured，and the dominant process of film diffusion at the initial period was replaced by ion diffusion through ion exchange fiber in 3 min. Finally，the influences of stirring speed，concentration of capsaicin and temperature on ion exchange rate were investigated. For the dominant procedure of ion diffusion through ion exchange fiber，the apparent activation energy，reaction order，rate speed constant and total kinetics equation were obtained.

 Cooling analysis（temperature field calculation） is one key part of injection molding CAE technology. It plays an important role in optimizing mold design and improving products quality. In this paper，based on BEM theory，presents a numerical model to calculate the temperature field of injection mold embedded with insert. The key problem in model building is how to deal with the boundary condition on the surface between insert and mold. This paper adopts coupling BEM and consequently the boundary condition on the surface between insert and mold is transformed to that on the surface between insert and mold part. It could be calculated analytically rather than numerically. This is useful in improving the accuracy of cooling analysis.

The principle and classification of overcharge protection additives for lithium ion secondary batteries are described. The redox shuttle additives consist of metallocene compounds，polypyridine complexes，thiophene anthracene and derivatives，fennel benzene and derivatives，and anisole and its derivatives. The electric polymer additives consist of biphenyl，cyclohexyl benzene，esters and derivatives，and N-phenyl. The overcharge protection mechanism and research progress of these two types of additives are introduced. The development of overcharge protection additives is discussed.

In recent years，in response to worldwide energy crisis and rising oil price，all countries have been making efforts to seek new sources of energy. So how to utilize oil shale has become important. Shale oil condensation recovery system in oil shale retorting affects directly the quality of products，energy consumption and environmental protection. This article introduces several applications of water washing condensation recovery process and oil washing condensation recovery process. Water washing processes include Fushun retort，Maoming retort，Petrosix process and Lurgi process. Oil washing processes include Galoter process and Tosco II process. Comparison was made between the two types of condensation recovery in terms of equipment and process. Though water washing process has been widely used，the shortcomings of the process are low energy recovery，large amount of recycling water，and high energy consumption. Oil washing process is more advanced，and the heat of high-temperature retort gas can be efficiently recovered. But oil washing process has not been used in China by now，and basic research should be done in the future.

The technological conditions of purifying polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs）derived from Jatropha curcas L. seed oil were studied by using urea adduction fractionation method. Different purification conditions on the purity of PUFAs were investigated，such as the kind of solvent，the mass ratio of unsaturated fatty acids（UFAs）-urea-methanol，crystallization temperature and cooling method. Methanol displayed the best results during the isolating process among three solvents. The purity of PUFAs increased gradually when the mass ratios of UFAs-urea were 1∶1，1∶1.5，1∶2 and 1∶2.5，with respective contents of PUFAs 69.38%，84.58%，94% and 100%，but the yield of PUFAs reduced from 54.51% to 9.63%. Increasing methanol dosage and keeping UFAs-urea mass ratio unchanged，the product yield of PUFAs increased evidently，but with slightly lower purity. Both purity （94.52%） and yield （23.78%）of PUFAs were optimized when inclusion temperature was －20 ℃. Slow cooling could lead to increased yield of raw PUFAs and purified product，with higher percentages of 10% and 4%，respectively，compared with rapid cooling.

Heavy oil catalytic cracking is an effective technology to convert heavy oil to lighter and more valuable product，including ethylene and propylene. The catalyst and reactor play an important role in the technology. In this paper，various catalysts and reactors for heavy oil catalytic cracking are summarized，and the application conditions of the catalysts and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors are elaborated. Development of downer reactor and the corresponding catalyst are suggested to be the most promising research direction.

An inverse CeO₂/CuO catalyst is a novel catalyst for low-temperature oxidation of CO in H₂ rich gas，with higher activity than traditional CuO/CeO₂ catalysts. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of CeO₂/CuO catalysts，including inverse microemulsion and impregnation methods，and speculates the influence of size effect and interfacial effect on the performance of CeO₂/CuO catalysts. Moreover，it presents the development of CeO₂/CuO catalysts in the future，in order to look for the appropriate size of CuO and CeO₂ particles and improve selectivity and stability of CeO₂/CuO catalysts for CO preferential oxidation.

In this article，catalysts treated with various Al-alkyl groups in the catalytic system TiCl_x/MgCl₂/THF were prepared and their chemical structures were characterized by XPS and EPR. The influences of Al-alkyl on catalyst chemical structure，especially on titanium valence were discussed. The analytical results indicated that Al-alkyl affected Ti structure of the catalysts. In addition，chemical structures of catalysts were found to changed obviously by the pre-treatment process. These structure changes were found to be related to the performance of ethylene homo-polymerization. The results of evaluation experiments showed that catalytic activity was improved from 4890 gPE/gcat to 9300 g PE/gcat after Al-alkyl pre-treatment on a lab scale and from 8400 gPE/gcat to 11000 g PE/gcat on a pilot plant scale.

The physical and structural properties of BCH and NT-1 industrial catalysts were characterized with XRD and BET. The effect of their structure on catalytic activity for ethylene slurry polymerization was investigated. It was found that BCH had a higher initial activity due to more macro-pores，which was in favor of the diffusion of ethylene. During the intermediate and final stage，the activity of BCH was lower than NT-1 because part of active sites were embedded by polymer. The product synthesized by NT-1 catalyst possessed bigger average particle size，narrower particle size distribution and better mechanical properties than that synthesized by BCH catalyst. However，the bulk density of polyethylene produced by NT-1 catalyst was slightly lower than that produced by BCH catalyst. NT-1 catalyst’s sensitivity of hydrogen response and ability of copolymerization were better than those of BCH catalyst.

Asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctional olefin（styrene，α-methyl styrene，indene）was performed  with Jacobsen’s catalyst and silica gel supported (Salen)-Mn(Ⅲ) complex as catalysts（1,2），ionic liquids tetrafluoroborate（1-methyl-3-butyl imidazole）onium salt（BMIMBF₄）and hexafluorophosphate（1-methyl-3-butyl imidazole）onium salt（BMIMPF₆）as reaction medium，sodium，hypochlorite as oxidant，ammonium acetate as axial ligand. The results indicated that the ionic liquids were more effective for enhancing the conversion and enantiomeric excess than dichloromethane，and（BMIMPF₆）was better than（BMIMBF₄）. At the same time，the silica gel supported (Salen)-Mn(Ⅲ) complex demonstrated satisfactory enantioselectivity and activity even higher than homogeneous Jacobsen’s catalyst. Especially，in the epoxidation of a-methylstyrene，the enantiomeric excess in the BMIMPF₆ reached 100%，and could be recycled five times without obvious loss of activity.

The supported solid base catalysts KNO₃-AlSBA-15 and KNO₃-Al-SBA-15，was prepated with mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 as carrier，and was loaded with Al and with alkali metal salts KNO₃ by direct synthesis and post synthesis respectively. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD，BET，SEM and CO₂-TPD. The result showed that addition of Al had a good protection on the pore structure of catalyst. The alkalinity of catalyst was enhanced significantly after loading KNO₃. The transesterification reaction process of sorbifolia oil with the catalyst for biodiesel preparation indicated that KNO₃-Al-SBA-15 showed better catalytic activity than traditional catalysts. The biodiesel yield could reach 92%，and this catalyst also showed steady catalytic activity after being reused for many times.

Both self-made silica and reference silica were modified by the sol-gel method and the traditional impregnation，method，and were used as carrier to prepare the chromium-based catalysts. The two silicas were investigated by using TG-DTA，BET and SEM，and the supported catalysts were used in polymerization experiments. The results showed that the reference silica had sufficiently more preliminary dry ness and better breaking strength than the self-made silica，but worse surface configuration. The activity of catalyst was enhanced by adding Ti. When the Ti modifier was added in the same amount，the catalyst which prepared with silica that had been modified by the sol-gel method had better catalytic activity compared to that catalyst which prepared with silica that had been modified by the traditional impregnation method.

Supported nickel（Ni/AC）was prepared by reduction of NiCl₂ with NaBH₄ in the presence of activated carbon. The catalyst（Ni/C）was characterized by SEM，TEM，and XRD. The effects of preparation and catalytic reaction conditions on catalytic activity were evaluated by using reductive amination of glucose with methylamine as a model reaction. The reaction product was analyzed by NMR. The glucose reacted with methylamine to form cyclo-methylamino-glucose，then was reduced under the action of the catalyst to form N-methyl-D-glucamine. The NaCl formed in the reduction preparation of the catalyst inhibited the catalytic reductive amination. The catalyst performance could be improved by adding triethylamine. The yield of N-methyl-D-glucamine was up to 98% at reaction temperature of 80 ℃，H₂ pressure of 5.0 MPa，molar ratio of glucose to Ni，glucose to MeNH₂ and glucose to Et₃N 9∶1；1∶1.8 and 1∶2.5，respectively.

Layered LiMnO₂ is a key cathode material with high energy density for lithium-ion battery，and is a hot topic of research. In this review，the recent development of preparation and modification（doping and coating）methods of layered LiMnO₂ is summarized. In order to further enhance the structural and cycle stabilities，the nanosized LiMnO₂ prepared by combining co-precipitation with the solid-state method is proposed，and further modifications by co-doping of cations and anions into layered LiMnO₂ and well-distributed surface coating by the melt-impregnation method are suggested.

Cellulose has many disadvantages，such as poor thermal stability，poor chemical stability，hydrophilicity，vulnerability to bacterial and microbial action，so chemical modifications of cellulose are necessary to overcome these disadvantages. The application and recent progress of surface modification of cellulose via atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP）are review. Surface modification of cellulose via ATRP is proposed，to give cellulose various functionalities，such as hydrophobic，antibacterial and stimuli-responsive properties by grafting different functional monomers onto the surface of cellulose via ATRP，and improving the interfacial compatibility between fibers and matrix via ATRP. In addition，the advantages of ARGET ATRP（activators regenerated by electron transfer ATRP）is introduced，such as the amount of copper can be significantly reduced，the reaction can be conducted in the presence of limited air and the cellulose substrates are basically colorless after washing. These advantages will facilitate its industrial application in modification of cellulose.

The synthesis of flame-retardant phosphorus-containing epoxy resins are reviewed，and the flame retarding properties，thermal properties and mechanical properties are introduced. Compaired with common epoxy resins，imparting phosphorus improves the flame performance greatly. Besides，the resins produce little toxicity and little smoke，and are friendly to the environment. The synergistic effects of P-N，P-Si，P-Al are also introduced.

Poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA）was modified by aldehyde acetal reaction with p-nitrobenzaldehyde to obtain poly（vinyl p-nitrobenzal）（PVPNB）. The structure of PVPNB was characterized by UV-Vis，FTIR and ¹H NMR. The glass-transition temperature of PVPNB was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）and the thermal stability of PVPNB was tested by differential thermal analysis（DTA）and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. DSC traces showed that polymer PVPNB had one single glass transition temperature at 160 ℃. DTA and TGA curves proved that PVPNB had good thermal stability.

A new hydrophobic fluorescent polymer containing carbonylhydrazide recognition units（CM-DCS-PyHy）was synthesized by carboxy methylation of N,N-alkylation chitosan（DCS）with chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and then modified by 1-pyrenebutyric acid hydrazide．FTIR，¹H NMR，element analysis and UV-vis were used to characterize the polymer．The polymer had better solubility in organic solvents，such as chloroform，alcohol，tetrahydrofuran etc.，than DCS．Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated concentration dependence of fluorescence of the polymer．The π-A isotherm with lecithin indicated that the polymer with suitable concentration could enhance the stability of lipid monolayer．These suggest the potential use of the polymer in membrane simulation and as a biological detector．

Zn²⁺ was used as template with paraffin as dispersant agent，formaldehyde as pre-crosslinking agent，and epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent to prepare a imprinted chitosan polymer. The structure of the polymer was characterized by X ray diffractometer （XRD）.. The dosage of the polymer and the influence of temperature on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ were studied. Studies on the kinetics of the adsorption of Zn²⁺ by the imprinted polymer and the isothermal adsorption properties were also performed. The result showed that the regularity of the chitosan crystals was broken in the preparation of the imprinted polymer，adding a large amount of coordination group which enlarged adsorption capacity. Meanwhile the polymer acquired a highly selective adsorption capacity to Zn²⁺，and the separation factor of Zn²⁺，Cd²⁺，Mg²⁺，Mn²⁺ were all greater than 1.5. The imprinted polymer adsorbed the Zn²⁺ rapidly，and the whole adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well，t/Q_t=8.1744+2.0186t and the correlation coefficient was 0.998. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity was satisfactory compared with the experiment data. The adsorption process at a constant temperature fitted the Langmuir equation of isothermal adsorption：C_e/Q_e=1.3297+0.02701C_e and the maximum adsorption capacity was 37.023 mmol/g. The adsorption mainly proceeded in the form of monolayer.

The activation energy of softwood pulp with a higher degree of polymerization（DP=1460）in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride（[BMIM]Cl）solvent was studied，and the effects of such factors as temperature，cellulose concentration，additives of mesoporous silica on the apparent viscosity were discussed. The investigations suggested that the activation energy of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system was 50.8 kJ/mol，and the concentration of cellulose had an obvious effect on the apparent viscosity of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system. The cellulose-based films prepared at 363.0—368.0 K had better mechanical properties. The addition of mesoporous silica SBA-15 increased the viscosity of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system，with a maximum at the addition of 1.5% SBA-15.

Graphite nanosheets/epoxy composites were prepared by the low curing mode and high temperature curing mode，respectively. The influence of the content of graphite nanosheets on the conductive properties and mechanical properties of composites were studied with the resistance testing and materials testing machines. The properties of composites prepared by the solution mixing method and directly mixing method were compared with each other，and the properties of nano-composites were compared with micro-powder composites. It was shown that the composites prepared by the solution mixing method could have lower percolation threshold. When the content of graphite nanosheets reached 60%，the volume resistivity was 0.0085 Ω·cm. The mechanical properties of nano-composites were inferior to the micro-powder composites with the filler content higher than 4.0%.

A high purity macroporous silica gel was prepared with mineral acid and silicate as raw materials by gelling，aging，acidification，washing，purification and dehydration. The surface area，pore volume and pore diameter of samples were characterized by BET，the content of SiO₂ and impurities were measured by X-luminoscope. The results showed that high purity macroporous silica gel with a content of SiO₂ more than 99.5%，pore volume 1.5—2.0 mL/g，pore diameter 18～25 nm and specific surface area 260—350 m²/g could be prepared by adding impurities removal agent in silica gel filter cake prepared by conventional process at water bath temperature 60 ℃ and by stirring for an hour.

The organic content of sludge is characterized by high-protein and low-fat，so the sludge can be used to produce protein solution，and then made into protein foaming agent. With the purpose of improving the foaming performance of the agent，twelve kinds of additives belonging to three main categories，inorganic，small，and large organic molecules were selected and their effects on the foaming performance of the protein solution were examined. By comparing the forming and stabilized bubbling performance，zinc sulfate，sugar and Arabic gum were the three kinds of additives which could significantly enhance the activity of protein molecules，increase liquid viscosity，or improve film strength，and improve the foaming performance of the protein solution.

In the investigation of resolution of racemic menthol，lipase is generally used because lipase has chemistry-，region-，and stereo-selectivity，and the operation with lipase is noted for reliable source，low-cost，and simple procedure. The research progress of racemic menthol resolution by lipase in the past 0 years is reviewed. Especially，potential industrial applications of the lipase catalytic approach and unit operations are covered by analyzing the processes of trans-esterification，hydrolysis reaction and influence factors. The optimal pathway of resolution is achieved by analyzing resolution routes of menthol and alternatives of acyl agent for trans-esterification of menthol. Future investigations of the resolution of racemic menthol by lipase are discussed.

Isomaltulose is a functional sweetener emerged in recent years and has wide application prospects in the food and chemical industries. Sucrose isomerase（SIase）is currently the most effective enzyme for isomaltulose industrial production. The research progress of the SIase producing strain，purification and characterization as well as protein structure and function is reviewed. The catalytic mechanism of SIase for isomaltulose and trehalulose production，and the application in isomaltulose production are also presented. The research perspectives of SIase are discussed，and the research emphasis should be placed on screening ideal microbe strains and fermentation process optimization to enhance SIase production.

This experimental work was primarily on the fermentation techniques of lactic acid，trying to enhance the production of lactic acid by mutation of the strain and optimization of the culture medium. The final concentration of L-lactic acid in the broth was 18.5 g/L using the basic medium with the original strain，and the conversion rate based on glucose was 50.27%. A high-yield strain was screened out by laser mutation from original strain，which was named DBLB28. The culture medium was optimized after screening out the high-yield strain. Several factors that had important effects on lactic acid fermentation were chosen by orthogonal experiment design. Then they were optimized by response surface methodology（RSM），and the regression equation was proved to be effective after analysis of variance. Finally，the optimized condition was as follows：glucose concentration 68.6 g/L，beef extract concentration 22.4 g/L，peptone concentration 23.2 g/L. The concentration of lactic acid production was 29.0 g/L from the regression equation，and the data from experiment was 29.4 g/L.

The classification and preparation of waterborne polyurethane adhesive are introduced. The modification methods of waterborne polyurethane，such as acrylate modification，epoxy resin modification，organic fluorine modification，silicone，nanomaterials modification，multi-modification and hyperbranched prepolymer modification are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these modification methods are compared，and the application of the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive is proposed. The development of waterborne polyurethane adhesive is discussed.

2-Butoxyethyl acetate was synthesized from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and acetic acid with catalyst of 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydrosulfate. The influence of synthesis conditions on the yield was investigated. The results showed that 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydrosulfate exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Under the following conditions：dosage of catalyst 7% of total mass of reactants. amount of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether11.8g，molar ratio of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether，acetic acid and cyclohexane 1∶3∶0.9，refluxing time 3 h，the yield of 2-butoxyethyl acetate was up to 93.8%. The catalyst could be reused for five times without significant yield decline. Qualitative analysis of product was conducted by NMR. Purity of the product analyzed by GC was above 99.0%.

Bis（4-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl）-furylmethane was synthesized by the condensation reaction using 2,6-xylenol and furfural as starting materials，sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The influence of various factors on this reaction was investigated. Orthogonal experiment was designed by selection of such major factors，as reaction temperature，catalyst dosage and reaction time. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows：2.2∶1 of n(2,6-xylenol)/n(furfural)，1∶0.11 of n(2,6-xylenol)/n(sodium hydroxide)，reaction temperature 65?℃ and reaction time 5?h. Under the optimal conditions，the product yield could reach 61.7%. The structure of the product with purity of 99.52% and melting point of 151.1?℃ were confirmed by FTIR，¹H NMR and MS.

The latest research progress of cyclic absorbing CO₂ technology with Ca-based sorbents is introduced，including the effect of such possible factors on the CaO carbonation reaction，as sorbent composition，particle properties，reaction temperature，reaction time and CO₂ concentration，and the various kinetic models of CaO absorbing CO₂ are summarized. The direction for future research is discussed.

Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron has attracted much more attention in removal of environmental pollutants. The study on the enhancement of remediation ability of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its stability has become the hot topics in related researches. The research demonstrates that the catalysis of the second metal element of prepared bimetallics with nanoscale zero-valent iron would increase the degradation rate of pollutants and the generation rate of hydrogen，which resulted in enhancing the removal of pollutants. The stability of nanoscale zero-valent iron would be improved and the congregation of nanoscale zero-valent iron would be effectively inhibited by solid materials support or dispersion of surfactant and polyelectrolyte which would increase the degradation efficiency of pollutants. A summary of the progress of modification techniques of nanoscale zero-valent iron，and could provide a reference for future research.

Aerobic granular sludge is a new type of environmental biological treatment material，and by the virtue of its compact structure，microbial diversity and excellent settling property，it has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of biological treatment of sewage concerns. This paper summarizes the formation process，structure，and characteristics of aerobic granular sludge. Meanwhile the application of aerobic sludge granulation is reviewed，including toxic organic wastewater treatment，dairy wastewater treatment，nitrogen and phosphorus removal， removal of heavy metals and dyes，granule removal，and nuclear waste removal.

The characteristics of removal of typical organic pollutants by the biological-chemical combined treatment system，including sequence batch reactor（SBR），coagulation，Fenton and biological aerated filter（BAF）processes，were investigated by using GC-MS technique. Seventy kinds of organic pollutants were detected and discovered in landfill leachate. As a result，the total removal efficiency of all organic pollutants was 99% by the combined process，and 57 kinds of organic pollutants were completely removed，10 kinds of organic pollutants were removed by more than 90% while the removal efficiencies of others reached over 50%. Moreover，SBR could degrade low molecular weight fractions significantly，such as aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. and Fenton process could degrade the high molecualr weight fractions preferentially.

A polymeric immobilized quaternary phosphonium salt was synthesized by using chloromethylated  polystyrene（Cl content about 17%） as carrier and reaction of Grignard reagent of 1-bromohexadecane with chlorodiphenyl phosphine，and its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. By using standard plate counting method，the bactericide had high bactericidal efficiency，and the effects of main factors on immobilized ratio and bactericidal efficiency were studied. The experimental results showed that under appropriate condition，immobilized ratio could reach 9.2%，bactericidal ratio was 98.3% for 8 h，and this immobilized phosphonium salt could be reactivated by hydrochloric acid for re-use.

Titanium pigment industries consume a large amount of fresh water with enormous potential of water-saving. Combined with the investigation of present water system of a titanium pigment plant，direct waste water direct reuse system and regeneration cycling water system were designed by mathematical programming. The results showed that freshwater consumption could be saved by 40.0% respectively in direct waste water direct reuse system and regeneration cycling water system，and waste water direct reuse is a better way for water-saving of titanium pigment industry.

This article through to some unit packing type water tower survey and found that after a long run，for packing damage，bacterial growth and cause recirculating water channel flow，beam，chocking phenomenon and serious，make cool water tower thermal drop，wind resistance increases，causing fan current increases，the operating cost is improved，and due to packing must change regularly also increased maintenance cost. Therefore need of the filler type water tower system transformation，measures are：use the GPL efficient low-pressure centrifugal spray system instead of packing of hydraulic system modification. With ternary flow change original circulating water pump impeller ordinary impeller. Adjust the Angle of fan measures，after the transformation，the circulating water is ejected into 0.5～1.0 mm small droplets gas-liquid contact surface area，increases，and longer drop in tower stay time and improve thermal. Because the wind resistance is reduced，cool water tower fan current significantly，the operating cost is reduced greatly，and good results have been achieved.