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Table of Content
05 June 2011, Volume 30 Issue 6
    特约评述
    Analysis of energy saving in ammonia synthesis industry
    LIU Huazhang
    2011, 30(6):  1147. 
    Abstract ( 2726 )  
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    Ammonia synthesis is a high energy consumption process and it still has great energy-saving potential. Analysis of the distribution of consumption and loss of energy for the present ammonia synthesis industry indicates that the direction of energy-saving is reduction of power providing fuel consumptioni.e.reduction of reaction pressure. The most potential energy-saving is the reforming sectionand the emphasis of energy-saving is the processes with the highest irreversibilitysuch as combustion reactionheat transfer process with a high difference in temperature. The key to and the basic way of energy-saving is adjusting the structure of raw materials and introducing high-efficiency ammonia synthesis catalystssuch as novel ZA-5-type Fe1-xO-based catalyst and matching technology. In order to reduce energy-consumption of the present ammonia synthesis industrywe propose the use of ZA-5 catalyst for large-scale ammonia plantand restructuring of medium and small-scale ammonia plants from high pressure to low pressure based on application of high-efficiency ammonia catalystsand a combined production system of ammonia production and energy production based on clean coal gasification as its core technology.

    化工过程与装备
    Progress of numerical simulation of single-phase turbulent flow field in stirred tanks
    YANG Fengling1,2,ZHOU Shenjie1
    2011, 30(6):  1158. 
    Abstract ( 2342 )  
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    The flow field in stirred tank has a significant effect on mixingheat and mass transfer and other processes occuring in the stirred tank. Accordinglyinvestigation on the internal flow field of the stirred tank is of great importanceand computational fluid dynamicsCFDis one of the most popular methods. In this paperdevelopment of the dimensionality of numerical model of the stirred tank is firstly reviewed. Subsequentlythe principle and their applications of nine different stirrer modeling methods in last three decades are presented. Finallythe characteristics of four turbulence models are compared. The future development of turbulence modeling of single-phase turbulent flow field in the stirred tank is discussed.

    Current state and prospect of hydrogen isotope analysis by gas chromatography
    WANG Xiaoying,LU Guangda,QIN Cheng,Lü Junbo
    2011, 30(6):  1170. 
    Abstract ( 1775 )  
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    In the tritium processing system and fuel cycle system of fusion reactorsanalysis of hydrogen isotopes is very importantBecause their chemical properties are the sameto analyze hydrogen isotopes can only be completed by using their minute difference in physical propertiesGas chromatographGCwith cryogenic separation column is one of the best methods for the analysis of hydrogen isotopesIn recent yearssignificant progress of micro GC has been made . It is expected to shorten analysis time and realize on-line analysiswith promising potential for applicationIn this reviewthe materials of chromatographic columndetectorcarrier gas and quantitative method are summarized and analyzedand the application and outlook are also reviewed

    Advances in research on flow performance of acoustic fluidized bed
    MA Kongjun1,JIA Dianzeng1,LIU Cheng2,BAO Wenzhong2,ZHAO Wenxin2,JIN Dongmin2
    2011, 30(6):  1177. 
    Abstract ( 1946 )  
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    Acoustic fluidized bed is formed by introducing a sound field into a fluidized bed filled with particles as bed matrix. Acoustic field can reduce particle agglomerate size and dramatically improve the fluidization quality of particles. The principle of acoustic fluidized bed and the progress of basic research and application of acoustic fluidized bed are presented. The research of acoustic fluidized bed including hydrodynamics characteristicsparticle characteristicssound field parameters fluidization modelparticle agglomeration and mechanism of fluidization is reviewed. The existing problems and the development of acoustic fluidized bed technology are proposed.

    Numerical simulation of separation performance in cyclone with excentric vent pipe
    CHEN Juan,LU Xiaofeng,HU Qing,GUO Qiang
    2011, 30(6):  1182. 
    Abstract ( 2054 )  
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    The Reynolds stress modelRSMwas used to predict the gas flow of two cyclones with different vent pipe locationsand particle paths were calculated with the stochastic Lagrangian model. The calculated gas flow field was in reasonable agreement with experiment data. The numerical simulation results indicated that when the vent pipe was excentricthe cyclone obtained greater tangential velocity around the vent pipesmaller shortcut flowstronger trend of particles’ centrifugal motion and almost unchanged pressure drop of the cyclonewhich resulted in higher collection efficiency and better economical efficiency.

    Adsorption kinetics of capsaicin on ion exchange fiber
    ZHANG Yang,WANG Lisheng,ZHOU Yonghong,LIU Xiongmin,YANG Hua
    2011, 30(6):  1188. 
    Abstract ( 1946 )  
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    The experiment used the method of SEM and IR to characterize the feature of the ZB-2 alkali anion exchange fiber before and after absorbing capsaicin so as to determine the adsorbing capability of the ion exchange fiber. Then the adsorptive speed of capsaicin on ion exchange fiber was measuredand the dominant process of film diffusion at the initial period was replaced by ion diffusion through ion exchange fiber in 3 min. Finallythe influences of stirring speedconcentration of capsaicin and temperature on ion exchange rate were investigated. For the dominant procedure of ion diffusion through ion exchange fiberthe apparent activation energyreaction orderrate speed constant and total kinetics equation were obtained.

    Numerical simulation of temperature field of injection mold embedded with insert
    ZHANG Shixun1,SHI Xianzhang1,GAO Xinzhi2,ZHANG Mingfei1,SHEN Changyu1
    2011, 30(6):  1193. 
    Abstract ( 1828 )  
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     Cooling analysistemperature field calculation is one key part of injection molding CAE technology. It plays an important role in optimizing mold design and improving products quality. In this paperbased on BEM theorypresents a numerical model to calculate the temperature field of injection mold embedded with insert. The key problem in model building is how to deal with the boundary condition on the surface between insert and mold. This paper adopts coupling BEM and consequently the boundary condition on the surface between insert and mold is transformed to that on the surface between insert and mold part. It could be calculated analytically rather than numerically. This is useful in improving the accuracy of cooling analysis.

    能源加工与技术
    Development of overcharge protection additives for lithium ion secondary battery
    XIONG Linqiang1,ZHANG Yingjie1,2,DONG Peng1,YANG Ruiming1,XIA Shubiao1
    2011, 30(6):  1198. 
    Abstract ( 3072 )  
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    The principle and classification of overcharge protection additives for lithium ion secondary batteries are described. The redox shuttle additives consist of metallocene compoundspolypyridine complexesthiophene anthracene and derivativesfennel benzene and derivativesand anisole and its derivatives. The electric polymer additives consist of biphenylcyclohexyl benzeneesters and derivativesand N-phenyl. The overcharge protection mechanism and research progress of these two types of additives are introduced. The development of overcharge protection additives is discussed.

    Review of shale oil condensation recovery system
    WANG Bo1,CHEN Juanjuan2,LIU Yongwei 1,LI Xingang2,HUANG Guoqiang2,LIU Cheng3,SUI Hong2
    2011, 30(6):  1205. 
    Abstract ( 2435 )  
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    In recent yearsin response to worldwide energy crisis and rising oil priceall countries have been making efforts to seek new sources of energy. So how to utilize oil shale has become important. Shale oil condensation recovery system in oil shale retorting affects directly the quality of productsenergy consumption and environmental protection. This article introduces several applications of water washing condensation recovery process and oil washing condensation recovery process. Water washing processes include Fushun retortMaoming retortPetrosix process and Lurgi process. Oil washing processes include Galoter process and Tosco II process. Comparison was made between the two types of condensation recovery in terms of equipment and process. Though water washing process has been widely usedthe shortcomings of the process are low energy recoverylarge amount of recycling waterand high energy consumption. Oil washing process is more advancedand the heat of high-temperature retort gas can be efficiently recovered. But oil washing process has not been used in China by nowand basic research should be done in the future.

    Purification of polyunsaturated fatty acid from Jatropha Curcas L. seed oil by urea adduction fractionation
    Lü Wei,JIANG Jianchun,XU Junming
    2011, 30(6):  1213. 
    Abstract ( 2294 )  
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    The technological conditions of purifying polyunsaturated fatty acidsPUFAsderived from Jatropha curcas L. seed oil were studied by using urea adduction fractionation method. Different purification conditions on the purity of PUFAs were investigatedsuch as the kind of solventthe mass ratio of unsaturated fatty acidsUFAs-urea-methanolcrystallization temperature and cooling method. Methanol displayed the best results during the isolating process among three solvents. The purity of PUFAs increased gradually when the mass ratios of UFAs-urea were 1111.512 and 12.5with respective contents of PUFAs 69.38%84.58%94% and 100%but the yield of PUFAs reduced from 54.51% to 9.63%. Increasing methanol dosage and keeping UFAs-urea mass ratio unchangedthe product yield of PUFAs increased evidentlybut with slightly lower purity. Both purity 94.52% and yield 23.78%of PUFAs were optimized when inclusion temperature was 20 . Slow cooling could lead to increased yield of raw PUFAs and purified productwith higher percentages of 10% and 4%respectivelycompared with rapid cooling.

    工业催化
    Progress of heavy oil catalytic cracking
    GAI Xikun1,TIAN Yuanyu2,XIA Daohong1,XING Shijie2
    2011, 30(6):  1219. 
    Abstract ( 2683 )  
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    Heavy oil catalytic cracking is an effective technology to convert heavy oil to lighter and more valuable productincluding ethylene and propylene. The catalyst and reactor play an important role in the technology. In this papervarious catalysts and reactors for heavy oil catalytic cracking are summarizedand the application conditions of the catalysts and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors are elaborated. Development of downer reactor and the corresponding catalyst are suggested to be the most promising research direction.

    Research progress of inverse CeO2/CuO catalyst on low-temperature oxidation of CO in H2 rich gas
    WANG Yan,ZHANG Wenli,WANG Qi,WANG Pengzhan,SU Haiquan,ZENG Shanghong
    2011, 30(6):  1224. 
    Abstract ( 2237 )  
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    An inverse CeO2/CuO catalyst is a novel catalyst for low-temperature oxidation of CO in H2 rich gaswith higher activity than traditional CuO/CeO2 catalysts. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of CeO2/CuO catalystsincluding inverse microemulsion and impregnation methodsand speculates the influence of size effect and interfacial effect on the performance of CeO2/CuO catalysts. Moreoverit presents the development of CeO2/CuO catalysts in the futurein order to look for the appropriate size of CuO and CeO2 particles and improve selectivity and stability of CeO2/CuO catalysts for CO preferential oxidation.

    Influence of alkylaluminium on TiClx/ MgCl2/ THF catalyst——Effect of Al-alkyl on chemical structure and catalyst performance
    HUANG Wenqing1,2,YANG Ling2,ZHAO Xi2,MAN Yi2,LI Bingyi2,ZHANG Ying2,YANG Wantai1
    2011, 30(6):  1231. 
    Abstract ( 1825 )  
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    In this articlecatalysts treated with various Al-alkyl groups in the catalytic system TiClx/MgCl2/THF were prepared and their chemical structures were characterized by XPS and EPR. The influences of Al-alkyl on catalyst chemical structureespecially on titanium valence were discussed. The analytical results indicated that Al-alkyl affected Ti structure of the catalysts. In additionchemical structures of catalysts were found to changed obviously by the pre-treatment process. These structure changes were found to be related to the performance of ethylene homo-polymerization. The results of evaluation experiments showed that catalytic activity was improved from 4890 gPE/gcat to 9300 g PE/gcat after Al-alkyl pre-treatment on a lab scale and from 8400 gPE/gcat to 11000 g PE/gcat on a pilot plant scale.

    Performance of NT-1 and BCH catalysts in ethylene slurry polymerization
    MENG Weijuan1,2,ZHANG Xin2,LI Hongbo2,LI Jianwei1,CHEN Biaohua1
    2011, 30(6):  1237. 
    Abstract ( 1737 )  
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    The physical and structural properties of BCH and NT-1 industrial catalysts were characterized with XRD and BET. The effect of their structure on catalytic activity for ethylene slurry polymerization was investigated. It was found that BCH had a higher initial activity due to more macro-poreswhich was in favor of the diffusion of ethylene. During the intermediate and final stagethe activity of BCH was lower than NT-1 because part of active sites were embedded by polymer. The product synthesized by NT-1 catalyst possessed bigger average particle sizenarrower particle size distribution and better mechanical properties than that synthesized by BCH catalyst. Howeverthe bulk density of polyethylene produced by NT-1 catalyst was slightly lower than that produced by BCH catalyst. NT-1 catalyst’s sensitivity of hydrogen response and ability of copolymerization were better than those of BCH catalyst.

    Enantioselective epoxidation catalyzed by silicagel supported (Salen)-Mn (Ⅲ) complex in ionic liquid
    XU Xiaoqian,WEI Saili,ZHAO Ruiqin,TANG Yuhai
    2011, 30(6):  1241. 
    Abstract ( 1662 )  
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    Asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctional olefinstyreneα-methyl styreneindenewas performed  with Jacobsen’s catalyst and silica gel supported (Salen)-Mn() complex as catalysts1,2),ionic liquids tetrafluoroborate1-methyl-3-butyl imidazoleonium saltBMIMBF4and hexafluorophosphate1-methyl-3-butyl imidazoleonium saltBMIMPF6as reaction mediumsodiumhypochlorite as oxidantammonium acetate as axial ligand. The results indicated that the ionic liquids were more effective for enhancing the conversion and enantiomeric excess than dichloromethaneandBMIMPF6was better thanBMIMBF4. At the same timethe silica gel supported (Salen)-Mn() complex demonstrated satisfactory enantioselectivity and activity even higher than homogeneous Jacobsen’s catalyst. Especiallyin the epoxidation of a-methylstyrenethe enantiomeric excess in the BMIMPF6 reached 100%and could be recycled five times without obvious loss of activity.

    Preparation of bildiesel from sorbifolia oil catalyzed by modified SBA-15
    LIU Yang1,2,YI Huaifeng3,CHEN Yu1,2,WU Yulong2,CHEN Zeng1,YANG Mingde2,TONG Junmao1
    2011, 30(6):  1247. 
    Abstract ( 2401 )  
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    The supported solid base catalysts KNO3-AlSBA-15 and KNO3-Al-SBA-15was prepated with mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 as carrierand was loaded with Al and with alkali metal salts KNO3 by direct synthesis and post synthesis respectively. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRDBETSEM and CO2-TPD. The result showed that addition of Al had a good protection on the pore structure of catalyst. The alkalinity of catalyst was enhanced significantly after loading KNO3. The transesterification reaction process of sorbifolia oil with the catalyst for biodiesel preparation indicated that KNO3-Al-SBA-15 showed better catalytic activity than traditional catalysts. The biodiesel yield could reach 92%and this catalyst also showed steady catalytic activity after being reused for many times.

    Preparation of novel chromium-based catalyst and study on its carrier performance
    ZHANG Cuiling,LIU Wenxia,ZHANG Peng,LIU Qiang,LI Li
    2011, 30(6):  1253. 
    Abstract ( 2095 )  
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    Both self-made silica and reference silica were modified by the sol-gel method and the traditional impregnationmethodand were used as carrier to prepare the chromium-based catalysts. The two silicas were investigated by using TG-DTABET and SEMand the supported catalysts were used in polymerization experiments. The results showed that the reference silica had sufficiently more preliminary dry ness and better breaking strength than the self-made silicabut worse surface configuration. The activity of catalyst was enhanced by adding Ti. When the Ti modifier was added in the same amountthe catalyst which prepared with silica that had been modified by the sol-gel method had better catalytic activity compared to that catalyst which prepared with silica that had been modified by the traditional impregnation method.

    Catalytic reductive amination of glucose promoted by nano Ni supported on active carbon
    DI Jianhui,LI Yunqing,WANG Jiaxi
    2011, 30(6):  1259. 
    Abstract ( 3703 )  
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    Supported nickelNi/ACwas prepared by reduction of NiCl2 with NaBH4 in the presence of activated carbon. The catalystNi/Cwas characterized by SEMTEMand XRD. The effects of preparation and catalytic reaction conditions on catalytic activity were evaluated by using reductive amination of glucose with methylamine as a model reaction. The reaction product was analyzed by NMR. The glucose reacted with methylamine to form cyclo-methylamino-glucosethen was reduced under the action of the catalyst to form N-methyl-D-glucamine. The NaCl formed in the reduction preparation of the catalyst inhibited the catalytic reductive amination. The catalyst performance could be improved by adding triethylamine. The yield of N-methyl-D-glucamine was up to 98% at reaction temperature of 80 H2 pressure of 5.0 MPamolar ratio of glucose to Niglucose to MeNH2 and glucose to Et3N 9111.8 and 12.5respectively.

    材料科学与技术
    Research progress on layered lithium manganese oxide as cathode material for lithium-ion battery
    SHI Xin1,2,PU Weihua2,WU Yuling2,FAN Lizhen1
    2011, 30(6):  1264. 
    Abstract ( 2265 )  
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    Layered LiMnO2 is a key cathode material with high energy density for lithium-ion batteryand is a hot topic of research. In this reviewthe recent development of preparation and modificationdoping and coatingmethods of layered LiMnO2 is summarized. In order to further enhance the structural and cycle stabilitiesthe nanosized LiMnO2 prepared by combining co-precipitation with the solid-state method is proposedand further modifications by co-doping of cations and anions into layered LiMnO2 and well-distributed surface coating by the melt-impregnation method are suggested.

    Application of atom transfer radical polymerization in the surface modification of cellulose
    LI Gang,YU Haipeng,FU Yanchun,LIU Yixing
    2011, 30(6):  1270. 
    Abstract ( 2497 )  
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    Cellulose has many disadvantagessuch as poor thermal stabilitypoor chemical stabilityhydrophilicityvulnerability to bacterial and microbial actionso chemical modifications of cellulose are necessary to overcome these disadvantages. The application and recent progress of surface modification of cellulose via atom transfer radical polymerizationATRPare review. Surface modification of cellulose via ATRP is proposedto give cellulose various functionalitiessuch as hydrophobicantibacterial and stimuli-responsive properties by grafting different functional monomers onto the surface of cellulose via ATRPand improving the interfacial compatibility between fibers and matrix via ATRP. In additionthe advantages of ARGET ATRPactivators regenerated by electron transfer ATRPis introducedsuch as the amount of copper can be significantly reducedthe reaction can be conducted in the presence of limited air and the cellulose substrates are basically colorless after washing. These advantages will facilitate its industrial application in modification of cellulose.

    Research progress of flame-retardant phosphorus-containing epoxy resins
    HUANG Li,SUN Huihui,WANG Chengzhong
    2011, 30(6):  1277. 
    Abstract ( 2450 )  
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    The synthesis of flame-retardant phosphorus-containing epoxy resins are reviewedand the flame retarding propertiesthermal properties and mechanical properties are introduced. Compaired with common epoxy resinsimparting phosphorus improves the flame performance greatly. Besidesthe resins produce little toxicity and little smokeand are friendly to the environment. The synergistic effects of P-NP-SiP-Al are also introduced.

    Study on the synthesis and thermal properties of poly (vinyl p-nitrobenzal)
    JIN Bo1,2,PENG Rufang2,SHEN Juan2,TAN Bisheng2,CHU Shijin2,DONG Haishan1,3
    2011, 30(6):  1285. 
    Abstract ( 3154 )  
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    Polyvinyl alcohol)(PVAwas modified by aldehyde acetal reaction with p-nitrobenzaldehyde to obtain polyvinyl p-nitrobenzalPVPNB. The structure of PVPNB was characterized by UV-VisFTIR and 1H NMR. The glass-transition temperature of PVPNB was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetryDSCand the thermal stability of PVPNB was tested by differential thermal analysisDTAand thermogravimetric analysisTGA. DSC traces showed that polymer PVPNB had one single glass transition temperature at 160 . DTA and TGA curves proved that PVPNB had good thermal stability.

    Preparation,characterization and properties of a novel fluorescent chitosan derivative
    XIN Meihua1,GAO Wei1,LI Mingchun1,LI Li2,QIU Feng2
    2011, 30(6):  1290. 
    Abstract ( 3103 )  
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    A new hydrophobic fluorescent polymer containing carbonylhydrazide recognition unitsCM-DCS-PyHywas synthesized by carboxy methylation of N,N-alkylation chitosanDCSwith chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and then modified by 1-pyrenebutyric acid hydrazideFTIR1H NMRelement analysis and UV-vis were used to characterize the polymerThe polymer had better solubility in organic solventssuch as chloroformalcoholtetrahydrofuran etc.than DCSFluorescence spectroscopy indicated concentration dependence of fluorescence of the polymerThe π-A isotherm with lecithin indicated that the polymer with suitable concentration could enhance the stability of lipid monolayerThese suggest the potential use of the polymer in membrane simulation and as a biological detector

    Kinetics of adsorption of Zn2+ on imprinted chitosan polymer
    HONG Ying1,ZHONG Zehui1,GUO Bin 2
    2011, 30(6):  1296. 
    Abstract ( 2672 )  
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    Zn2+ was used as template with paraffin as dispersant agentformaldehyde as pre-crosslinking agentand epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent to prepare a imprinted chitosan polymer. The structure of the polymer was characterized by X ray diffractometer XRD.. The dosage of the polymer and the influence of temperature on the adsorption of Zn2+ were studied. Studies on the kinetics of the adsorption of Zn2+ by the imprinted polymer and the isothermal adsorption properties were also performed. The result showed that the regularity of the chitosan crystals was broken in the preparation of the imprinted polymeradding a large amount of coordination group which enlarged adsorption capacity. Meanwhile the polymer acquired a highly selective adsorption capacity to Zn2+and the separation factor of Zn2+Cd2+Mg2+Mn2+ were all greater than 1.5. The imprinted polymer adsorbed the Zn2+ rapidlyand the whole adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model wellt/Qt=8.1744+2.0186t and the correlation coefficient was 0.998. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity was satisfactory compared with the experiment data. The adsorption process at a constant temperature fitted the Langmuir equation of isothermal adsorptionCe/Qe=1.3297+0.02701Ce and the maximum adsorption capacity was 37.023 mmol/g. The adsorption mainly proceeded in the form of monolayer.

    Apparent viscosity of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system
    SONG Jiangchuang,ZHAO Huiling
    2011, 30(6):  1302. 
    Abstract ( 3221 )  
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    The activation energy of softwood pulp with a higher degree of polymerizationDP=1460in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride[BMIM]Clsolvent was studiedand the effects of such factors as temperaturecellulose concentrationadditives of mesoporous silica on the apparent viscosity were discussed. The investigations suggested that the activation energy of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system was 50.8 kJ/moland the concentration of cellulose had an obvious effect on the apparent viscosity of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl system. The cellulose-based films prepared at 363.0368.0 K had better mechanical properties. The addition of mesoporous silica SBA-15 increased the viscosity of cellulose/ [BMIM]Cl systemwith a maximum at the addition of 1.5% SBA-15.

    Preparation and properties of graphite nanosheets/epoxy composites
    CHEN Xingyun1,2,HE Jiangping2,SHU Yuanjie2
    2011, 30(6):  1306. 
    Abstract ( 2541 )  
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    Graphite nanosheets/epoxy composites were prepared by the low curing mode and high temperature curing moderespectively. The influence of the content of graphite nanosheets on the conductive properties and mechanical properties of composites were studied with the resistance testing and materials testing machines. The properties of composites prepared by the solution mixing method and directly mixing method were compared with each otherand the properties of nano-composites were compared with micro-powder composites. It was shown that the composites prepared by the solution mixing method could have lower percolation threshold. When the content of graphite nanosheets reached 60%the volume resistivity was 0.0085 Ω·cm. The mechanical properties of nano-composites were inferior to the micro-powder composites with the filler content higher than 4.0%.

    Preparation process of a high purity macroporous silica gel
    ZHANG Cuiling,ZHANG Peng,LIU Wenxia,LI Li,LIU Qiang
    2011, 30(6):  1313. 
    Abstract ( 1990 )  
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    A high purity macroporous silica gel was prepared with mineral acid and silicate as raw materials by gellingagingacidificationwashingpurification and dehydration. The surface areapore volume and pore diameter of samples were characterized by BETthe content of SiO2 and impurities were measured by X-luminoscope. The results showed that high purity macroporous silica gel with a content of SiO2 more than 99.5%pore volume 1.52.0 mL/gpore diameter 1825 nm and specific surface area 260350 m2/g could be prepared by adding impurities removal agent in silica gel filter cake prepared by conventional process at water bath temperature 60 and by stirring for an hour.

    Modification of the protein foaming agent extracted from microorganism in sludge
    YUE Xiuwei,ZHANG Weijiang,XU Jiao,ZHAO Yiqing
    2011, 30(6):  1316. 
    Abstract ( 2046 )  
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    The organic content of sludge is characterized by high-protein and low-fatso the sludge can be used to produce protein solutionand then made into protein foaming agent. With the purpose of improving the foaming performance of the agenttwelve kinds of additives belonging to three main categoriesinorganicsmalland large organic molecules were selected and their effects on the foaming performance of the protein solution were examined. By comparing the forming and stabilized bubbling performancezinc sulfatesugar and Arabic gum were the three kinds of additives which could significantly enhance the activity of protein moleculesincrease liquid viscosityor improve film strengthand improve the foaming performance of the protein solution.

    生物化工
    Research progress of racemic menthol by lipase kinetic resolution
    NIAN Baoyi,HUANG Zhihua,LUO Juxiang,NIU Yu
    2011, 30(6):  1320. 
    Abstract ( 2675 )  
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    In the investigation of resolution of racemic menthollipase is generally used because lipase has chemistry-region-and stereo-selectivityand the operation with lipase is noted for reliable sourcelow-costand simple procedure. The research progress of racemic menthol resolution by lipase in the past 0 years is reviewed. Especiallypotential industrial applications of the lipase catalytic approach and unit operations are covered by analyzing the processes of trans-esterificationhydrolysis reaction and influence factors. The optimal pathway of resolution is achieved by analyzing resolution routes of menthol and alternatives of acyl agent for trans-esterification of menthol. Future investigations of the resolution of racemic menthol by lipase are discussed.

    Research progress of microbial sucrose isomerase
    LI Sha,XU Hong
    2011, 30(6):  1326. 
    Abstract ( 2241 )  
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    Isomaltulose is a functional sweetener emerged in recent years and has wide application prospects in the food and chemical industries. Sucrose isomeraseSIaseis currently the most effective enzyme for isomaltulose industrial production. The research progress of the SIase producing strainpurification and characterization as well as protein structure and function is reviewed. The catalytic mechanism of SIase for isomaltulose and trehalulose productionand the application in isomaltulose production are also presented. The research perspectives of SIase are discussedand the research emphasis should be placed on screening ideal microbe strains and fermentation process optimization to enhance SIase production.

    Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrueckii
    LIU Peng1,JIA Xiaoqiang1,2,YANG Chunyan1,WEN Jianping1,2,CAIYIN Qinggele 1,2
    2011, 30(6):  1332. 
    Abstract ( 2146 )  
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    This experimental work was primarily on the fermentation techniques of lactic acidtrying to enhance the production of lactic acid by mutation of the strain and optimization of the culture medium. The final concentration of L-lactic acid in the broth was 18.5 g/L using the basic medium with the original strainand the conversion rate based on glucose was 50.27%. A high-yield strain was screened out by laser mutation from original strainwhich was named DBLB28. The culture medium was optimized after screening out the high-yield strain. Several factors that had important effects on lactic acid fermentation were chosen by orthogonal experiment design. Then they were optimized by response surface methodologyRSM),and the regression equation was proved to be effective after analysis of variance. Finallythe optimized condition was as followsglucose concentration 68.6 g/Lbeef extract concentration 22.4 g/Lpeptone concentration 23.2 g/L. The concentration of lactic acid production was 29.0 g/L from the regression equationand the data from experiment was 29.4 g/L.

    精细化工
    Progress of modification of waterborne polyurethane adhesive
    DENG Wei,HUANG Hong,FU Heqing
    2011, 30(6):  1341. 
    Abstract ( 2517 )  
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    The classification and preparation of waterborne polyurethane adhesive are introduced. The modification methods of waterborne polyurethanesuch as acrylate modificationepoxy resin modificationorganic fluorine modificationsiliconenanomaterials modificationmulti-modification and hyperbranched prepolymer modification are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these modification methods are comparedand the application of the modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive is proposed. The development of waterborne polyurethane adhesive is discussed.

    Synthesis of 2-butoxyethyl acetate catalyzed by ionic liquid of 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydrosulfate
    QIAO Yanhui,TENG Junjiang,MA Liqun,QIAN Jian,WU Ye
    2011, 30(6):  1347. 
    Abstract ( 2113 )  
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    2-Butoxyethyl acetate was synthesized from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and acetic acid with catalyst of 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydrosulfate. The influence of synthesis conditions on the yield was investigated. The results showed that 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydrosulfate exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Under the following conditionsdosage of catalyst 7% of total mass of reactants. amount of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether11.8gmolar ratio of ethylene glycol monobutyl etheracetic acid and cyclohexane 130.9refluxing time 3 hthe yield of 2-butoxyethyl acetate was up to 93.8%. The catalyst could be reused for five times without significant yield decline. Qualitative analysis of product was conducted by NMR. Purity of the product analyzed by GC was above 99.0%.

    Synthesis and characterization of bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)- furylmethane
    LING Junli1,ZHANG Junying1,CHENG Jue1,SHI Ling1,ZHANG Yaoping1,ZHANG Xiaofeng1,LIN Xin2
    2011, 30(6):  1351. 
    Abstract ( 2238 )  
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    Bis4-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl-furylmethane was synthesized by the condensation reaction using 2,6-xylenol and furfural as starting materialssodium hydroxide as catalyst. The influence of various factors on this reaction was investigated. Orthogonal experiment was designed by selection of such major factorsas reaction temperaturecatalyst dosage and reaction time. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows2.21 of n(2,6-xylenol)/n(furfural)10.11 of n(2,6-xylenol)/n(sodium hydroxide)reaction temperature 65? and reaction time 5?h. Under the optimal conditionsthe product yield could reach 61.7%. The structure of the product with purity of 99.52% and melting point of 151.1? were confirmed by FTIR1H NMR and MS.

    资源与环境工程
    Research progress of cyclic absorbing CO2 technology with Ca-based sorbents
    KUANG Wenjuan,KAO Hongtao,REN Bin,GUO Tao,LI Aili
    2011, 30(6):  1356. 
    Abstract ( 3182 )  
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    The latest research progress of cyclic absorbing CO2 technology with Ca-based sorbents is introducedincluding the effect of such possible factors on the CaO carbonation reactionas sorbent compositionparticle propertiesreaction temperaturereaction time and CO2 concentrationand the various kinetic models of CaO absorbing CO2 are summarized. The direction for future research is discussed.

    Progress of in-situ modification techniques of nanoscale zero-valent iron
    PANG Long1,ZHOU Qingxiang 1,2,SU Xianfa1
    2011, 30(6):  1361. 
    Abstract ( 3217 )  
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    Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron has attracted much more attention in removal of environmental pollutants. The study on the enhancement of remediation ability of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its stability has become the hot topics in related researches. The research demonstrates that the catalysis of the second metal element of prepared bimetallics with nanoscale zero-valent iron would increase the degradation rate of pollutants and the generation rate of hydrogenwhich resulted in enhancing the removal of pollutants. The stability of nanoscale zero-valent iron would be improved and the congregation of nanoscale zero-valent iron would be effectively inhibited by solid materials support or dispersion of surfactant and polyelectrolyte which would increase the degradation efficiency of pollutants. A summary of the progress of modification techniques of nanoscale zero-valent ironand could provide a reference for future research.

    Application of aerobic granular sludge
    MA Chun,LI Ling,YU Jinjin,YANG Guangfeng,JIN Rencun
    2011, 30(6):  1369. 
    Abstract ( 2339 )  
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    Aerobic granular sludge is a new type of environmental biological treatment materialand by the virtue of its compact structuremicrobial diversity and excellent settling propertyit has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of biological treatment of sewage concerns. This paper summarizes the formation processstructureand characteristics of aerobic granular sludge. Meanwhile the application of aerobic sludge granulation is reviewedincluding toxic organic wastewater treatmentdairy wastewater treatmentnitrogen and phosphorus removal removal of heavy metals and dyesgranule removaland nuclear waste removal.

    Analysis of the removal characteristics of organic pollutants in landfill leachate using GC-MS technique
    YE Xiuya,ZHOU Shaoqi,ZHENG Ke
    2011, 30(6):  1374. 
    Abstract ( 2456 )  
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    The characteristics of removal of typical organic pollutants by the biological-chemical combined treatment systemincluding sequence batch reactorSBR),coagulationFenton and biological aerated filterBAFprocesseswere investigated by using GC-MS technique. Seventy kinds of organic pollutants were detected and discovered in landfill leachate. As a resultthe total removal efficiency of all organic pollutants was 99% by the combined processand 57 kinds of organic pollutants were completely removed10 kinds of organic pollutants were removed by more than 90% while the removal efficiencies of others reached over 50%. MoreoverSBR could degrade low molecular weight fractions significantlysuch as aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. and Fenton process could degrade the high molecualr weight fractions preferentially.

    Synthesis and bactericidal properties of a polymeric immobilized quaternary phosphonium actericide
    ZHANG Jun,LEI Liangcai,WANG Siyao,GUO Lei,ZHANG Xiang,ZHANG Jinqiu
    2011, 30(6):  1379. 
    Abstract ( 1948 )  
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    A polymeric immobilized quaternary phosphonium salt was synthesized by using chloromethylated  polystyreneCl content about 17% as carrier and reaction of Grignard reagent of 1-bromohexadecane with chlorodiphenyl phosphineand its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyFTIR. By using standard plate counting methodthe bactericide had high bactericidal efficiencyand the effects of main factors on immobilized ratio and bactericidal efficiency were studied. The experimental results showed that under appropriate conditionimmobilized ratio could reach 9.2%bactericidal ratio was 98.3% for 8 hand this immobilized phosphonium salt could be reactivated by hydrochloric acid for re-use.

    应用技术
    Application of water system optimization in a titanium pigment plant ——Mathematical programming
    MI Xiaojuan,XU Jingcheng,HUANG Juwen,LIANG Yongli,RUAN Xing,LI Guangming
    2011, 30(6):  1384. 
    Abstract ( 2137 )  
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    Titanium pigment industries consume a large amount of fresh water with enormous potential of water-saving. Combined with the investigation of present water system of a titanium pigment plantdirect waste water direct reuse system and regeneration cycling water system were designed by mathematical programming. The results showed that freshwater consumption could be saved by 40.0% respectively in direct waste water direct reuse system and regeneration cycling water systemand waste water direct reuse is a better way for water-saving of titanium pigment industry.

    Energy saving cooling tower system packing
    YAN Yongjiang,XU Yanchun,PANG Chunhu,XIE Liqin
    2011, 30(6):  1388. 
    Abstract ( 3223 )  
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    This article through to some unit packing type water tower survey and found that after a long runfor packing damagebacterial growth and cause recirculating water channel flowbeamchocking phenomenon and seriousmake cool water tower thermal dropwind resistance increasescausing fan current increasesthe operating cost is improvedand due to packing must change regularly also increased maintenance cost. Therefore need of the filler type water tower system transformationmeasures areuse the GPL efficient low-pressure centrifugal spray system instead of packing of hydraulic system modification. With ternary flow change original circulating water pump impeller ordinary impeller. Adjust the Angle of fan measuresafter the transformationthe circulating water is ejected into 0.51.0 mm small droplets gas-liquid contact surface areaincreasesand longer drop in tower stay time and improve thermal. Because the wind resistance is reducedcool water tower fan current significantlythe operating cost is reduced greatlyand good results have been achieved.

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