Ultrasound technique has been proved to be an effective approach to enhancing the flux in membrane process because of its characteristics of mechanical vibration，acoustic streaming and acoustic cavitation，which may be capable of removing portions of the fouled layer from the membrane surface，and preventing the deposition of particles that lead to membrane fouling. Based on the analysis of primary enhancing mechanism and current research on ultrasound enhanced membrane separation process，the integrated systems of ultrasound with membrane module，membrane materials，structure and stability in the ultrasonic field，and a combined utilization of ultrasonic field associated with other technology were reviewed. At the same time，ultrasound enhanced membrane separation in the system containing particle suspension，bio-food industry，and water treatment were also summarized.

It is important to study the residence time distribution in mixers for a better understanding of flow and mixing. The statistical parameters for describing the RTD are introduced and the different experimental methods for RTD are presented according to the measurement principles and different modes for tracer inputting. The developments of model simulation in chemical reaction engineering method for RTD and flow field simulations for RTD are described. Comparison analysis is made for the choice of different models in flow field simulation. Finally，the applications of statistical methods in RTD are discussed. Future research and development of RTD methods are discussed.

The diffusion in zeolites by using molecular simulation methods has become a new technology in recent years. Molecular simulation technique has contributed to greatly accelerated research on catalysis in a cost-effective manner. Typical methods of molecular simulation are reviewed. Molecular simulation of diffusion in zeolites are introduced in detail，including diffusion coefficients，inffluence factors of diffusion coefficients，application of diffusion interaction energy and transition state theory. In addition，the trend and challenges of molecular simulation technique in heterogeneous catalysis are also discussed.

This paper describes water network integration with multiple contaminants in recent years，and discusses the current water network design methods for multiple contaminants：water pinch and graphical methods，mathematical programming，internal water mains technology and design methods based on experience. The methods involve the direct reuse of waste water，regeneration reuse and recycling reuse. The characteristics of various methods and future development are presented.

From the oil phase reaction liquor of H₂O₂ oxidation of cyclohexene，epoxycyclohexane was separated and purified by atmospheric distillation，and the optimum conditions were determined. Under the optimum conditions the purity of epoxycyclohexane obtained was 99.59% and the single pass yield of product was 85.87 %. Epoxycyclohexane in the high boiling point bottom residue was recovered by vacuum distillation，and the total yield of epoxycyclohexane could be over 90%.

Cholesterol was purified from lanolin by column chromatography. The separation process was optimized based on the resolution between cholesterol and lanosterol，which was one of the impurities. The regeneration of adsorbent was also studied. The optimum purification condition was as follows：adsorbent was silica gel，mixture solvent of acetone/hexane（4∶96，volume ratio）was used as eluent and proper temperature was 35℃. After the separation，the purity of cholesterol was determined by HPLC to be 84.36% and the recovery was 85.67% when the column charge of cholesterol was 2.407% by weight. Additionally，the adsorbent was regenerated by the mixture solvent of acetone/ hexane（50∶50，volume ratio）. The separation ability of silica gel remained almost unchanged after 7 cycles of usage and regeneration.

The use of ultrasound in circulating cooling water sterilization is effective，moreover a long-term effect of bacteriostasis function exists. Several factors，including ultrasonic frequency and intensity，acoustic form which affect the treating result of cooling water were investigated. The optimum condition of sterilization：ultrasonic mixing frequency of 28/40kHz，ultrasonic intensity of 0.30W/cm²，sterilization time of 60min was obtained through orthogonal test. Under this condition 1000 mL circulating water was treated and the bactericidal rate was up to 94.6%. Bacteriostasis test showed that bacteriostasis rate was 82.1% after 72 h. Ultrasonic cavitation could influence the absorbance of KI solution，so the relationship between ultrasonic frequency，intensity with ultrasonic cavitation was obtained. Ultrasonic cavitation was one of the important reasons for ultrasonic sterilization by exploring the mechanism of ultrasonic sterilization. Ultrasound used for sterilization of circulation cooling water will be a new environment-friendly method for purification of industrial circulating cooling water .

Batch extractive distillation for ether-isopropanol-water mixture was studied by using glycol as the extractant. The influence of solvent feeding rate，reflux ratio and solvent feeding temperature was investigated. Under the optimal operation conditions：solvent feeding location at the column top，reflux ratio was 2，solvent feeding rate 11.4g/min in the step of isopropyl ether collection and 8.08 g/min in the step of isopropanol collection，solvent feeding temperature 70.0 ℃ in the step of isopropyl ether collection and 100.0 ℃ in the step of isopropanol collection，the mass fraction of isopropyl ether at the column top could reach 0.95 and its yield was 0.985，the mass fraction of isopropanol at the column top could reach 0.97 and its yield was 0.968.

The solvent for methylal production by extractive distillation was chosen according to basic selection rules. The appropriate solvent and solvent ratio were determined with Chemcad simulation and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiment. The results showed that N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF）as a solvent could eliminate the azeotropic point of the azeotrope methylal-methanol. The simulation of vapor-liquid equilibrium using UNIQUAC model for methylal-methanol system with and without DMF under atmospheric pressure were performed and the simulation results agreed well with the experimental data. Finally the separation of crude product of methylal-methanol by batch extractive distillation was performed. Under the operation conditions，the high purity product methyal of 99.9%（mass percentage）could be obtained at the top of the column .

The behavior of bubbling from anode diffusion layer into anode channel in passive DMFC was simplified as the formation and detachment of CO₂ bubbles at orifices immersed in a stagnant liquid，and was experimentally investigated by using a visual system. The effects of as flux，orifice submergence，gas nozzle size，liquid concentration were investigated. The results showed that in the process of bubble growth，the contact angle decreased sharply at first and then increased rapidly，then was maintained at a constant value until detachment. With the increase of gas flux，bubble departure diameter changed little and the detaching time tended to be constant after the first rapid decline. Bubble departure diameter decreased and bubble frequency increased with the increase of submergence，and there was a fall in detaching time at first and then became constant in the process. The impact of gas flux on detaching time was weakened with the increase of submergence. As aperture increased，bubble departure diameter increased，resulting in decreasing bubble frequency，and bubble detachment time decreased. When the concentration of methanol was increased，the bubbles produced became smaller and the fluctuation of bubble size became significant，and bubble frequency grew faster. In addition，detaching time decreased first and then became constant especially at a low concentration.

The transfer line refers to a pipeline connection between furnace and vacuum column in the crude oil distillation unit. A well-designed transfer line can increase the evaporation rate of the feed in the vacuum distillation tower，improve oil product quality and save energy for the vacuum distillation tower. According to the existence of sudden enlargement，diffuser and T-connection，particularly to the connected mode of transition section and the low flow rate section，the typical vacuum transfer lines are divided into A，B type and C type. Using the one-dimensional，two-phase flow model developed on the basis of pressure drop model and the multi-stage flash model，the analysis of axial pressure，temperature，flow rate and evaporation rate of seven industrial transfer lines was made. The results showed that the pressure drop of Type A was the greatest because the transition section merged to the low flow rate section directly. The pressure in the transfer lines of Type B decreased gradually，and its pressure drop was the lowest. The pressure drop of Type C with two-stage enlargement structure decreased sharply twice and its pressure drop was lower.

Although bio-diesel shows great promise as a renewable，alternate fuel，it is important to note that there are still disadvantages associated with its production and use. In this paper，the research advances by thermal chemical conversion，including thermal cracking and catalytic cracking processes for biofuel production are presented. The main problems are mentioned and the prospect of this research field is presented. Different catalysts used in catalytic cracking are compared and discussed. The catalyst with good selectivity for hydrocarbon products is a research priority.

The recent technologies of ethanediol produced from oil and coal are introduced. Ethanediol production，market and prospects at home and abroad are analyzed. The demand of ethanediol in China is driven by the rapidly developing polyester industry，and the market prospect of ethanediol is broad. Although the coal to ethanediol technology has been taken as one of the key fields to be developed for the coal chemical industry of China，the resources and markets should be considered carefully the decision of building new production is made. China should focus on reducing cost and actively responding to the challenges of foreign imports，strengthening research and development，and expending the field of application.

Methanol is an important organic chemical and fuel for transportation and mobile devices. When used as a fuel，it is a cleaner energy compared with most other energy sources. Although methanol synthesis has attracted worldwide research interest in the past 40 years，the synthesis mechanism and the nature of active sites are yet to be fully understood. The current state of the reaction mechanism and active sites of methanol synthesis over Cu-based catalyst are reviewed in this paper. It will provide reference to the development of high-quality catalysts.

The catalysts for selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene have been widely used in synthetic fiber industry and other fields. The research status of the catalysts for this reaction is reviewed by focusing on the influence factors on catalytic activity and selectivity，such as active components，supports，promoters，additives and preparation methods. The reaction mechanism of the influence is analyzed and the key to improving cyclohexene selectivity is indicated. The development direction of the catalysts is prospected.

The behavior of the reactant molecules on carbon materials surface，formation of adsorbed NO₂ ，dimer (NO)₂，—NO₂ or pyridine compounds from single component NO is reviewed. When NO and O₂  coexists，NO is oxidized to NO₂ by the adsorbed O₂. When NO，O₂ and NH₃ coexists，the reaction occurs between adsorbed NH₃ and adsorbed NO₂. The mechanism of selective catalytic reduction（SCR）of NO on activated carbon fibers（ACF）catalyst is presented as follows. At a low temperature NH₃-SCR follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. While at a high temperature NH₃-SCR follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism. The catalyst pore structure characteristics and surface chemical functional groups are the main factors of the low temperature SCR of NO.

Porous composite oxide of TiO₂·Al₂O₃ is a new type of catalyst support，which has attract- ed increasing attention due to its capability to improve catalytic activity for hydrodesulfurization（HDS）and hydrodenitrogenation（HDN）of hydrotreating catalyst. This paper reviews the studies on the synthesis of porous TiO₂·Al₂O₃ and analyzes influence factors of catalyst support properties，such as textural property and surface acidity etc，in the synthesis process.

A series of Pt-based catalysts were prepared by reverse microemulsion. The effects of synthesis parameters，such as composition of microemulsion，co-surfactant type，oil phase type，reducing agent dosage，and support type on the catalytic activity of Pt-based catalysts were studied by using m-chloronitrobenzene（m-CNB）selective hydrogenation as a probe reaction. The Pt particle and catalyst were characterized by TEM. The optimum preparation condition for Pt-based catalyst was as follows：microemulsion system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide（CTAB）/n-butarol/cyclohexane/ H₂PtCl₆ solution with m(CTAB)∶m(n-butarol)=3∶7，m(CTAB+n-butarol)∶m(cyclohexane)=3∶7，H₂PtCl₆ solution content  of 3.6%，and N₂H₄·H₂O dosage of 100 μL. Under this condition，the Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity in selective hydrogenation of m-CNB. The result of TEM showed that Pt particles dispersed on the surface of support uniformly.

Heteropolyacid salts catalysts supported on silylated attapulgite were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by XRD，BET，FTIR. The effects of the amount of H₂O₂，heteropolyacid salts catalysts loading and recycling times on cyclohexane oxidation was evaluated. The results show that the supported CoH₇P₂Mo₁₅V₃O₆₂ enhanced cyclohexane oxidation. Recycle catalyst can be directly reused after drying，and catalytic activity was not significantly reduced. Under the optimal conditions，the conversion of cyclohxane was 35.28 % and the total yield of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone was 12.48%. Experiments showed that the supported CoH₇P₂Mo₁₅V₃O₆₂ heteropolyacid salts was one kind of promising catalyst，which could facilitate separation of products，require few pieces of equipment and cause less environmental pollution.

MgO-modified ZSM-5 was prepared by impregnation of ZSM-5 with an aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate. Selective synthesis of p-xylene by alkylation of toluene with dimethyl carbonate（DMC）was carried out in a continuous flow fixed-bed rector over MgO-modified ZSM-5 zeolite. Physico-chemical properties of MgO/ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD，NH₃-TPD，2,4-dimethylquinoline-IR and pyridine-IR.The results of experiments indicated that alkylation of toluene with DMC occurred mainly on Brønsted acid sites. With increasing MgO content，there was a decrease in toluene conversion and increase in selectivity for p-xylene. With further increase in MgO content from 9% to 12%，no significant change in toluene conversion and selectivity for p-xylene was observed. The results of FT-IR characterization with 2,4- dimethylquinoline adsorption indicated that the MgO was only dispersed over the external surface of ZSM-5 zeolite. With increasing MgO content，the amount of Brønsted acid sites decreased. When the amount of MgO was >9%，Brønsted acid sites on the external surface almost disappeared.

Mn-Ce/TiO₂ catalyst was prepared by impregnating Mn-Ce on TiO₂ and was characterized by XRD，BET and PL. The influences of Ce-doping concentration，loading，calcinations temperature，space velocity，inlet concentration of NO and volume fraction of oxygen on the performance of catalytic oxidation were examined. The results showed that the effect of doping Ce not only increased the surface area of MnO_x/TiO₂ but also enhanced the dispersion of active phase over TiO₂. At Ce-doping concentration of [Ce]/[Mn]=1/3，10% loading Mn-Ce/TiO₂ catalyst calcined at 300 ℃ for 3 h had high catalytic oxidation activity. When inlet concentration of NO was 300 μL/L，O₂ 10%，space velocity was 41000 h^－1，oxidation rate of NO over Mn-Ce/TiO₂ reached 58% at 200 ℃.

Graphene research develops dramatically in diverse fields，such as materials，physics，chemistry，biology and so on，and mainly concentrates on its synthesis，functionalization and applications. However，graphene also possesses some drawbacks，such as low solubility and poor dispersion that limit its performance，therefore functionalization of graphene-sheets is of crucial importance for making the best of their potential applications. Non-covalent functionalization is paid much attention due to its less damage and full maintenance of the intrinsic structure and properties of graphene. The recent research about non-covalent functionalization of graphene，including π-π interaction，hydrophobic attraction between surfactant and graphene，and hydrogen bonding interactions，is reviewed and applications of these functional graphene，such as electrode materials，electrocatalysis，field effect transistors and transparent conductors are outlined and prospected.

Polystyrene resins have been paid attentions as a type of solid basic catalyst and significant progress has been made in its industrial application. The use of polystyrene resins to catalyze aldol condensation is reviewed. The effects of inherent properties and the modification of polystyrene resins on aldol reactions are summarized. The potential and research for polystyrene resins as catalysts are discussed.

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable bio-material. Due to its hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure，cellulose is insoluble in water and most common organic liquids，which limits its application. The emergence of ionic liquids provides a broad platform to the application of cellulose. The recent developments concerning imidazolium ionic liquids as cellulose solvents as well as the dissolution mechanism are reviewed. Ionic liquids，containing Cl^－，CH₃CHOO^－ and (MeO)RPO₂^－ anions，appear to be the most effective solvents. A series of alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids containing alkyl phosphate was prepared by a one-pot procedure. Such ionic liquids have good thermal stability and are capable of solubilizing cellulose under mild conditions. The structure of imidazolium cation has an influence on the solubility as well. Future development of imidazolium ionic liquids is discussed.

This paper summarizes technologies of chlorinated polypropylene（CPP）production，and presents several new technologies for CPP production that do not use carbon tetrachloride（CTC）. The feasibility and applicability of different technologies for CPP production are analyzed. Non-CTC solvent technology is the optimum process to produce CPP with low chlorinity which could be used for printing ink production. Water phase suspension technology is suitable for preparing CPP  for applied materials production. Despite its advantage of energy-saving and emission-reduction，solid-phase technology is still not mature and should be further improved. Finally，it is suggested that new varieties of CPP should be developed to meet the increasing demands of diversified production.

MDI-50 type polyurethane elastomer was prepared from a prepolymer system based on MDI-50，polyol and MOCA chain extender. The effects of mass fraction of —NCO in prepolymer on properties of the elastomer were studied. The structure and performance were analyzed by means of DSC，TG，FTIR and mechanical properties test. The results showed that hardness and glass transition temperature of MDI-50 type polyurethane elastomer increased with increasing molar ratio of NCO/OH in prepolymer reactive system. The tearing strength and tensile intensity increased at first and then declined with increasing mass content of —NCO. However，elongation at break of the elastomer and viscosity of prepolymer decreased with increasing —NCO mass content. It showed that better properties were obtained at 2.22 of the molar ratios of NCO/OH. —NCO mass content had little influence on thermal stability of the elastomer .The result provided data for the application of formula design of MDI-50 type polyurethane elastomer.

The synergistic antioxidant performance of a new antioxidant for polyolefin and phosphite antioxidant 168 was studied with PP and LLDPE resins by measurement of melt flow rate（MFI）and oxidation induction time（OIT）. The results showed that the new antioxidant for polyolefin had excellent processing properties and oxidation resistance behavior with the two polyolefin resins，and the antioxidant performance of the antioxidant was superior to antioxidant 3114. The new antioxidant for polyolefin combined with a secondary antioxidant 168 had higher oxidation resistance behavior. The synergy effects on processing stability and thermal oxidation stability in PP resin were 274.62% and 59.90% respectively. The synergy effects on processing stability and thermal oxidation stability  with  LLDPE resin were 257.74% and 109.64% respectively. The mechanical properties of polyolefins could also be improved.

The magnetic Fe₃O₄ nano-particles modified with oleic acid were prepared at 60 ℃ reaction temperature and washed with distilled water. The modified Fe₃O₄ nano-particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction ，infrared ray spectrum and TEM. The results showed that the Fe₃O₄ nano-particles modified by oleic acid had better dispersibility，stronger magnetic response and average grain size of 18 nm.

The composite super absorbent resin，xanthan gum-g-poly（acrylic acid-co-cryl amide）/ attapulgite clay with good salt tolerance was synthesized through inverse suspension copolymerization. The influence factors of preparing composite super absorbent resin were studied. FT-IR，XRD and TGA were used on characterization of the super absorbent resin. The results showed that：Si-OH and AM/AA participated in graft polymerization reaction with xanthan gum. The preparation of super absorbent resin under optimum conditions has good properties of water absorption and salt resistance，with the highest water absorption up to 871.2 g/g and 0.9% NaCl solution absorption up to 119.8 g/g. Degradation tests showed that super absorbent resin could be degraded by microbes，and the degradation degree was up to 26.1% within 90 days.

For preparative applications in asymmetric reduction with alcohol dehydrogenase，three issues have to be considered：An appropriate enzyme，an efficient coenzyme-regenerating method and a suitable in vitro evolution technique. Enzyme is the source of effective biocatalyst. The native or recombinational alcohol dehydrogenases from Rhodococcus sp.，Lactobacillus sp.，Leifsonia sp. and thermophilic microbiology，and their catalysis were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of coenzyme-regeneration methods were discussed. The efficient coenzyme-regeneration can decrease costs for large-scale application. In vitro evolution technique can improve the activity，stability and selectivity of target enzyme. The final aim is to establish effective and green ways to obtain chiral drug intermediates by enzymatic synthesis.

To broaden the applications of L-ascorbic acid，it is an economical and feasible way to convert L-ascorbic acid into L-ascorbyl organic acid ester. The recent research progress of enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl organic acid ester is summarized，by focusing on enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl saturated fatty acid ester，unsaturated fatty acid ester and mixed fatty acid ester in organic solvents. The types of lipase，organic solvents and methods of separation and purification in the synthesis are discussed. Furthermore，the prospect of enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl organic acid ester is also presented.

Synthesis of chiral drugs and intermediates catalyzed by enzyme has high efficiency，energy saving and environment-friendliness advantages. This paper reviews the solvent effect on the enzymatic reaction in non-aqueous media with lipases，namely，the activity and enantioselectivity of enzyme adjusted by solvent system to improve the efficiency of catalytic reaction. The kinetically controlled synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics with penicillin G acylase was introduced in different solvent systems，including the organic-water miscible solvents，organic-water immiscible solvents，reverse micelles and aqueous two-phase system. The yield of kinetically controlled synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics and synthesis/hydrolysis ratio（S/H）could be enhanced by designing an effective solvent system to better utilize the substrates.

The immobilization of Arthrobacter sp. lipase on magnetic porous microspheres was investigated. The magnetic porous microspheres was characterized with FTIR，XRD，SEM，TEM，BET，TGA and VSM，and the effect of immobilization time，pH，and lipase amount on the catalytic performance of the immobilized lipase in an organic system was studied. The results showed that the core of microsphere was Fe₃O₄，the surface was porous，the surface area of microsphere was 12.16 m²/g，average pore diameter was 171.7 nm，its magnetic content was 38% and it was super-paramagnetic. The optimal immobilization conditions were determined to be pH 8.0 with the lipase/carrier ratio of 1 to 1（m/m）and immobilization time of 6 h. The activity recovery was as high as 2.4 fold of the free lipase in the resolution of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-（2-propenyl）-2-cyclopenten-1-one. Furthermore，the operational stability of the immobilized enzyme was greatly enhanced compared to the free enzyme. The residual activity was kept at 74.5% after 30 batch reactions，while that of the free enzyme was just 37.1% after 7 batch reactions.

The effects of adding Mg²⁺，Mn²⁺，Co²⁺ on cell growth and succinic acid production was investigated. The metabolic flux of Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 was calculated. It was found that the flux of HMP increased by 445.38%，176.23 % and 171.67% after adding 6 mmol/L Mg²⁺，6 mmol/L Mn²⁺， 2 mmol/L Co²⁺ respectively，thus the reducing power was better balanced. The flux of C₄ was 57.70%，15.94% and 2.91% higher respectively，which led to the improvement of succinic acid flux by 62.69%，18.91% and 5.01%. The key enzyme activity analysis showed that the specific activity of PEP carboxykinase（Pck）reached 568.732 U/mg，728.049 U/mg and 339.686 U/mg with 6 mmol/L Mg²⁺，6 mmol/L Mn²⁺，2 mmol/L Co²⁺ addition respectively. As a result，the concentration of succinc acid was 27.83 g/L，26.27 g/L，and 23.54 g/L，while the concentration of control was only 22.79 g/L.

A Schiff base ligand，L-phenylalanine-o-vanillin，and its rare earth（Tb，Eu）complexes were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis，IR spectrometry，UV-vis as [Tb₂(H₂O)₂(SL)₄](NO₃)₂，[Eu₂(H₂O)₂(SL)₄](NO₃)₂（SL=C₁₇H₁₇O₄N）. The photophysical properties of the ligand and complexes were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The result showed that the ligand and complexes exhibited good fluorescence，and complexes exhibited good thermal stability（decomposition temperatures reached 580 ℃）.

Acrylpimaric acid was synthesized under microwave irradiation by using rosin and acrylic acid as raw materials. The effects of reaction time，microwave power，temperature，and mole ratio of acrylic acid to resin acids on the Diels-Alder addition were investigated. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained as follows：reaction time 60 min，reaction temperature 180 ℃，microwave power 110 W，acrylic acid /resin acids ratio 1.2∶1（mole ratio）. The results showed that microwave could accelerate the reaction rate significantly.

Mercury emissions from coal-?red power plants are believed to be the largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. This paper illustrates the form of mercury and the main factors which affect the elimination rate of mercury. Through the introduction of the air pollution control devices（APCDs），synergistic control is feasible by taking advantage of existing APCDs. The research progress of mercury emission control is summarized. The absorbents for mercury assorption，such as active carbon，activated carbon fiber，ash，polymeric chitosan，natural mineral sorbents，and new kinds of absorbents are summarized. Recent advances in non-injection mercury sorption technologies are reviewed. Future research directions are suggested.

The research progress of the utilization of fly ash with high concentration alumina is reviewed. After a summary of properties of fly ash with high concentration alumina，the main methods of utilizationof sintering，acid，alkali，acid and alkali combination method are introduced. The processes，products of the four methods and the research status are described. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods are pointed out and corresponding solutions are proposed.

The synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates（PHA）by activated sludge from acidified starchy wastewater were studied. The results showed that the acidification products of starchy were butyric，acetic，propionic，valeric acids and ethanol. These organic acids were used to feed activated sludge to produce PHA and 34.7% of PHA from sludge was obtained. The PHA in the sludge was extracted by CHCl₃ and its structure and thermal properties were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR），themogravimetric（TG）and differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）. The results of NMR showed that PHA was composed of HB and HV and PHA had HV content of 8.9%（mole ratio）. The results of thermal analysis showed that melting point was 150 ℃ and thermal degradation temperature was 270 ℃.

The catalyzed liquefied degradation of beet pulp（BP）in the system of solid phosphotungstic acid as catalyst and polyethyleneglycol 400（PEG 400）/ glycerol（GLY）as complex liquefier was studied，and the effect of processing conditions of BP liquefaction such as liquefaction temperature，catalyst amount，liquid-to-solid ratio，liquefaction time on the liquefaction reaction and properties of liquefaction product were investigated. The results showed that BP had good liquefaction effect，the optimum liquefaction processing conditions were determined as follows：PEG 400/glycerol mass ratio 4∶1，liquefaction temperature 160 ℃，catalyst amount 4%，liquid-to-solid mass ratio 12∶1 and liquefaction time 160min，the liquefaction rate would reach 99.0%. Hydroxyl value and acid value of liquefaction mixtures were 45—86 mg/g and 0.61—0.75 mg/g respectively，which was a low hydroxyl value plant-based polyol.

A sequencing batch reactor（SBR）was used to remove high concentration nitrogen，phosphorus and COD in the abattoir wastewater. The results showed that step-feed could avoid high-level build-up of nitrate and nitrite during the nitrification and create anaerobic conditions for biological phosphorus removal. Two types of abattoir wastewater were used as raw wastewater，one was the effluent from abattoir wastewater and the other was the pre-fermentor wastewater. After a 3-month start-up，removal efficiencies of total phosphorus，total nitrogen and COD were higher than 96%，95% and 95.5%，respectively，when total phosphate，total nitrogen and COD in the influent were 36.5 mg/L，226 mg/L and 2615 mg/L，respectively，under the condition of a sludge age of 14 days at 35 ℃.The concentrations of total phosphate，total nitrogen and COD in the effluent were lower than 1.4 mg/L，10.8 mg/L and 95 mg/L，respectively.

The membrane dispersion extraction process was used to purify wet-process phosphoric acid with stainless steel fiber sintered membrane as dispersion media. The system of water/phosphoric acid/ TBP + kerosene was used to study the effects of flow rate，membrane diameter，kerosene content ，phase ratio，phosphate content and extraction cell volume and residence time on the extraction. When flow rate increased，extraction efficiency increased first and then decreased.，When pore diameter decreased and phosphoric acid concentration of water increased，extraction efficiency increased. When extraction cell volume was enlarged and residence time was increased，extraction efficiency increased. With 10 μm stainless steel fiber sintered membrane，at dispersed phase flow rate of 1000 mL/min，kerosene volume fraction of 20%，phase ratio of 1∶1，phosphoric acid content of 30%—70%，extraction cell volume of 30 mL，single-stage efficiency could  reach 96%.