Micro-structured chemical system on micrometer scale as characteristic size is one of the highly promising chemical engineering technologies for making chemical processes safe，green and highly efficient. The characteristics of micro-structured chemical system are based on controllable flow，fast mixing and efficient mass/heat transport on micrometer scale，which are very helpful to accelerating the apparent rate of reaction/separation processes，reducing the size of process equipment，and increasing the safety of engineering processes. During recent years，micro-structured chemical system has developed significantly in material preparation，measurement/analysis and reaction/ separation process intensification. Comparing with the traditionally chemical engineering processes and devices，the advantages of micro-structured chemical system are evident.

The development of the technology of supercritical water oxidation（SCWO）is facing two major technical problems：corrosion and salt plugging. Transpiring wall reactor is the most effective solution to resolve these problems. This paper reviews the structural characteristics and the performance of the transpiring wall reactor in China and overseas. Problems still existing in the application of supercritical water oxidation based on transpiring wall reactor are discussed，such as performance of the porous wall，preheating of the feed，energy recovery and economy of the system，and corresponding solutions are proposed.

Simulated moving bed (SMB) draws much attention as a very efficient separation technique for binary mixtures，and has extended its application to pharmaceutical industry. Recently，many improvements on SMB have been proposed to handle the increasingly difficult separation cases. In this review，these improvements are classified according to configuration and operating mode. Meanwhile，the principles as well as ideas of these improvements are introduced，and the developing trend of SMB is presented．

An understanding of the physical properties of surfactant solutions is very important to confirm the mechanisms of boiling heat transfer enhancement by surfactant additives. In this paper，the experimental results of dynamic surface tensions，equilibrium surface tensions，viscosity，surface wettability，solubility and other physical properties of surfactant solutions based on boiling heat transfer enhancement by surfactant additives are presented and discussed to show the effects of surfactants on the physical properties of surfactant solutions. Then，some aspects of the physical properties of surfactant solutions which need to be investigated further are presented and some new ideas on the physical properties of surfactant solutions are given.

This paper reviews the current research of water extraction from air. The progress and future trends of different absorbents for absorption of water from air，including solid，liquid，composite water absorbents and other new absorbing water technologies are discussed. The energy utilization patterns for two major methods of water extraction from air，condensation method and absorption/desorption method are summarized and compared. Forecast of water extraction from air is presented on the basis of absorption /desorption method and reasonable use of solar energy or waste heat.

The synthesis method，principle and the factors affecting the Simons electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds are introduced. The key problems in the process during the industrialization of the Simons electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds，such as reactor design，fluorinated product separation and analysis are discussed. It is proposed to investigate the selective electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds to synthesize partially fluorinated compounds by using Ni alloy as an anode. The main research fields，such as the thermodynamic characteristics on electrode/electrolyte interface and reaction kinetics on electrode surface，three-dimensional electrode electrochemical reactors and on-line analysis method are also presented.

Supercritical fluid has been widely used in petrochemical industry because of its unique characteristics，such as low viscosity，high dissolving power and adiustable physical properties. The research progress and industrial application of supercritical fluid（SFC）technology in polymerization，residuam extraction and biodiesel production are introduced. The future direction of research is also suggested.

The agitated flow field of polymer solution，which has been widely used to enhanced oil recovery in China，was measured by using particle image velocimetry（PIV）. It was found that because the polymer solution has the properties of significant viscoelasticity，low transparency and irreplaceability by any clear liquid，the camera in PIV system could not shoot the distanced images of tracer particle in polymer solution at the concentration above 1000 mg/L，even with greater size tracer particle and higher laser intensity. The flow field stirred by double helical ribbon and screw impeller in the polymer solution at the concentration of 1000 mg/L and 500 mg/L showed axial circulation characteristics，unlike the flow field agitated by disk or sphere in polymer solution which showed reverse secondary flow. In laminar region，the agitation speed and solution concentration had little effect on the whole circulation flow feature in stirred tank. Research in this paper indicated that double helical ribbon screw impeller was suitable for agitating and mixing the polymer solution.

An experimental research for the reaction magnitude in the solid reactive spray tray（SRST）was carried out by using the strong acidic ion-exchange resin as catalyst and taking the reaction of acetic acid with ethanol as subject of the research. The effect of catalyst height，ethanol/acetic acid mole ratio and flow rate on reaction magnitude was studied. An empirical equation of reaction magnitude was regressed from the experimental data. A model was established to describe the gas and liquid phase compositions of each layer tray of ethyl acetate in the SRST based on the empirical equation and ethyl acetate mass fraction，and was verified by operation of an industrial equipment.

The flow field of spiral ribbon-screw impeller for high viscosity non-Newtonian fluid was studied by computational fluid dynamics simulation. With application examples，the distributions of macro velocity field，shear rate and apparent viscosity were investigated，the effect of rheological index on stirring performance was discussed，and the stirring power was calculated. The results showed that the spiral ribbon-screw mixer had good overall stirring performance. Metzner constant k_s for this type of impeller was equal to 13.8 under simulation conditions，and rheological index had little effect on k_s. This work provided useful guidance and reference for design and application of spiral ribbon-screw impeller for high-viscosity non-Newtonian fluid.

The secondary cooling of slab continuous casting is very important to the quality of slab.The nozzle’s cooling effect of the secondary cooling zone is decided by nozzle type，water pressure，water density and other factors. An experimental program was designed to test the nozzle features in the secondary cooling zone. The relationship between water pressure and water flow，the distribution of water density，and the effect of different spray nozzles on spraying performance were determined at different water spray nozzles. The results could provide a scientific basis for optimization of the secondary cooling system.

Risk assessment for buried pipeline of chemical plant was made by using Muhlbauer risk score method. The evaluation result showed that the relative risk was not acceptable. By strengthening management，the relative risk score could be improved by 11.6%。The application of Muhlbauer risk score method to buried pipeline in chemical plant was discussed.

Recently，with the global shortage of fossil fuels，price hike of crude oil and increased environmental concerns have resulted in the rapid growth of biodiesel production. The central reaction in the biodiesel production is the transesterification reaction which can be catalyzed either chemically or biologically. Enzymatic transesterification has certain advantages over chemical catalysis of transesterification，as it is less energy intensive，allows easy recovery of glycerol as a by-product and the transesterification of glycerides with high free fatty acid contents. This article reviews the current status and latest development of biodiesel production with immobilized lipase，including various feedstocks，source of lipases，immobilization techniques，lipase inactivation caused by methanol（ethanol）and glycerol. Lastly，future perspective for biodiesel production catalyzed by immobilized lipase is discussed.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）is a kind of important platform chemical compound and possesses wide application value and market prospect. Selective dehydration of glucose is one of main synthesis methods for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and has attracted increasingly more attention. In this paper，the recent research achievements in the dehydration of glucose for preparation of 5-HMF are summarized，including formation mechanisms，catalyst systems and solvent systems，and the future research trends of 5-HMF from dehydration of glucose are prospected.

The paper introduces the mechanism of coke deposition over SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalyst used for methanol to olefins reaction，and the effect of catalyst physicochemical characteristics and reaction process condition on coking behavior. The researches on kinetics of coke formation and coke combustion are outlined. Coke species formed on SAPO-34 are mainly polyaromatic species，such as anthracene，phenanthrene and pyrene. The deactivation rate can be attenuated when acidity density and size of molecular sieve are decreased properly. Carbon deposition exponentially increases when reaction temperature increases. Rapid carbon formation is observed in the initial phase of reaction and then rate of carbon deposition decreases. Coke deposition decreases as the ratio of catalyst to methanol increases. Coke formation can be decreased by the presence of water in the feed，but the effect of water weakens gradually with the progress of the reaction. Coke combustion rate is directly proportional to oxygen pressure and coke amount. The review provides reference for improving catalyst performance，prolonging catalyst life time and improving olefins selectivity to optimize the reaction and regeneration process condition.

Catalytic combustion is one of the promising technologies for highly efficient combustion of volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. This review covers the recent developments in catalytic combustion of VOCs over non-noble metal catalysts，including single metal oxide catalysts，mixed metal oxide catalysts and perovskite catalysts. Furthermore，the effect of water vapor on the catalytic combustion process is discussed. The process conditions in practical applications should be considered in developing high efficiency non-noble metal catalysts. Catalysis mechanism and catalyst synthesis optimization are two crucial points for the further study on new non-noble metal catalysts.

Research progress of selective catalytic reduction（SCR）of NO_x with noble metals，molecular sieves，carbon-based and metal oxides catalysts at a medium-low temperature is summarized，providing up-to-date information of catalysts for the catalytic denitrification of industrial kiln flue gas. This paper analyzes the characteristics of various catalysts，especially modification of catalyst，sulfur-tolerant，water-resistant catalysts and reaction mechanism. In order to apply SCR technology to industrial kiln flue gas denitrification，the outstanding performance of active components in catalystic activity at a medium-low temperature，sulfur-tolerance，water-resistance and so on should be made full use of. Modification of mature SCR catalyst with transition metal oxides to improve activity and anti-poisoning ability would have better research and development prospect.

With the improvement of people’s living standards and rapid industrial growth，the demand for natural gas has become increasingly greater and the supply can not meet the demand for natural gas for a long time. Coal-based synthetic natural gas production consists of coal gasification，shift reaction，purification and methanation of synthetic gas. More attention is paid on high temperature methanation catalyst development. In this paper，firstly，the status and progress of high temperature methanation catalyst development in China and overseas are introduced，and the composition and deactivation of catalyst are discussed. Deactivation is mainly caused by sulfur poisoning，sintering and carbon deposition. The research direction of high temperature methanation catalyst is presented.

The CeO₂/CuO catalysts were prepared via microemulsion or impregnation methods and characterized with X-ray diffraction（XRD），temperature-programmed reduction（TPR），surface area analysis（BET）and catalytic performance test for preferential CO oxidation. The results showed that the activity and selectivity were closely related to the size of CeO₂ and CuO particles. The CuO support of big size could enhance the selectivity of catalyst. It could provide more contact interface when small particle CeO₂ was supported on big particle CuO，and further improve the activity of catalyst.

With the great demand for biomaterials in biomedical applications，the composites of apatite and synthetic polymers have been a hot topic for tissue repair and substitute materials research. The progress of hydroxyapatite/synthetic polymer composites based on different types of monomers is reviewed. The preparation，properties and applications of those composites mentioned in the paper include hydroxyapatite and synthetic non-degradable biomedical polymer，biodegradable biomedical polymer. The problems and prospects of these composites are also discussed. The biomaterials are designed from the molecular level with good mechanical properties，excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility.

γ-Al₂O₃ is widely used as catalyst support because of the adjustability of its pore structure and surface acidity. The pore structure and surface properties of catalyst depend on γ-Al₂O₃ support，so high performance support would be found for specific catalytic reaction by controlling the properties of γ-Al₂O₃ support. The research progress in the adjustability of pore structure，surface acidity and hydrothermal stability of γ-Al₂O₃ support is reviewed，including controlling the preparation process of γ-Al₂O₃ support and its treatment after molding. Finally，research focus and development trend of γ-Al₂O₃ support are also suggested.

Basalt fiber is an ideal reinforcing material for polymer composite and shows good prospect in high-strength，high temperature，alkali/acid resistance，ablation resistance，abrasion resistance，and other special areas. In this paper，three aspects of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites are reviewed，including interfacial modification between fiber and polymer，the composite based on different polymer matrix and the basalt fiber hybrid with other fibers. At present，the basic research for the interfacial properties of basalt fiber is not adequate. The research and preparation methods of other composites have not yet been applied to basalt fiber，which made the advantages of basalt fiber composites not fully expressed. It is necessary to develop applicable and cost-effective products and expand its application scope based on the characteristic of basalt fiber and its composites.

As a kind of precursor polymer of SiC ceramics，polymethylsilane has been paid more and more attention due to the great amount of active Si—H bonds in the polymer backbone，which endows the polymer low temperature curing property. The synthesis techniques，including Wurtz coupling method，dehydrogenation coupling method，ultrasonic coupling method and electrochemical synthesis method，are reviewed. Besides，the modification methods of polymethylsilane，for example heated-crosslink modification and chemical modification，along with the properties of modified polymethylsilane are discussed. In addition，the research direction of polymethylsilane is also presented.

Magnesium has good biocompatibility，biodegradation and proper mechanical properties and thereby has the potential to be used as biomedical materials. In this paper，the merits and shortcomings of magnesium as biomaterials are evaluated. Furthermore，different surface modification technologies，including electrochemical deposition and cathodic deposition，plasma immersion ion implantation and ion plating，anodization and micro-arc oxidation，chemical conversion to make coatings on magnesium and its alloys also are reviewed. The influence of as-prepared coating on corrosion properties and bioactivity is described. The prospects of magnesium as a new-type biodegradable hard tissue implant are presented.

The preparation of β-cyclodextrin microspheres was optimized by using U13*（13⁴）uniform design. The result showed that the optimμm reaction temperature was 80 ℃，reaction time was 4 h，the amount of crosslinker was 8 g and stirring speed was 1000 r/min. The factors affecting microsphere size were stirring speed，and reaction temperature. The factors affecting yield were crosslinking agent，and reaction time. The surface of those β-CD microspheres under optimal conditions was smooth and had good thermal stability.

2-hydroxyterephthalic acid（HTA）was synthesized by modified Koble-Schmitt atmospheric carboxylation method. and refined. The new synthesis method was compared with 2-bromoterephthalic acid（BTA）catalytic hydrolysis. The results showed that crude product HTA with purity of 90% was prepared from HBA by CO₂ atmospheric carboxylation for 6 h at 230—240 ℃ in the presence of K₂CO₃ and potassium formate solvent，and purified through two times acid-alkali refining to obtain polymerization-grade HTA with high-purity of 99.5 % and metal ions of below 50 mg/kg，total yield of  above 56%（base on HBA）. The prepared HTA was identified by FT-IR and MS，and the process had the advantages of atmospheric carboxylation，convenient operation，excellent product quality，good economy and easy commercialization. The prepared HTA could provide the raw material for new high-preformance materials modified with hydroxy group and new monomers.

Antioxidant 1010 and copolyamides（COPA）were used as large molecules free radical scavenger and formaldehyde absorbents for polyoxymethylene（POM）respectively，to investigate the ultraviolet（UV）aging properties of the blend. The effect of different compositions on mechanical properties and microstructure of POM was studied. Analysis with polarized light microscopy（PLM）and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）showed crystallizing nucleation effects of antioxidant and COPA on POM. The contents of both antioxidant and COPA of 0.5% gave the best performance of UV aging. Mechanical properties were also excellent. TGA results showed that decomposition temperature of the blend was higher. The blend presented typical non-Newtonian fluid behavior，and when antioxidant contents was less than 0.5%，its complex viscosity was higher than POM. After UV ageing，the complex viscosity of the blend was also higher than POM.

Using silver nitrate（AgNO₃）as raw material and polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP）as protective agent，nano-silver with average size of 80 nm，100 nm，120 nm was prepared by UV chemical reaction in N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF）solution. Scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer were used to investigate the degree of dispersion and particle size of nano-silver. Nano Ag/epoxy composite was prepared by solution-ultrasonic method and was characterized with XRD，FT-IR spectroscopy. The effects of nanoparticle size and content of Ag on the electrical properties of composite were discussed. A specific size and distribution of nano-silver could increase the breakdown strength of the epoxy. The smaller the particle size of nano-Ag was，the more obvious enhancement of breakdown strength was observed. The dielectric strength of epoxy increased with increasing Ag content at first，and then decreased. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composite had little change. It was assumed that the silver did not increase the system dielectric loss. These particular phenomena could be explained by “Coulomb blockade effect”. A theoretical and experimental basis for the dielectric properties of modified epoxy resin was provided.

Graphite fibers with different performance values were prepared at different graphite temperatures by using carbon fiber of T800（made in Japan，Toray Company）as raw material. The microstructures of these graphite fibers（1^#，2^#，3^#，4^#，5^#）were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the sizes of graphite crystallite L_c，L_a10，L_a110 and the degree of orientation increased with the increase of graphitization temperature，while d₀₀₂ and the orientation angle gradually reduced. The higher the graphitization temperature，the greater the degree of graphitization and crystallinity of the graphite fibers.

The migration of plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP）existing in food packaging PVC film into Guangdong style sausage（GSS），was studied by the saponification reaction of DEHP，and the influence of temperature，time，fat content and processing method was also investigated by using the model of colorimetric tube of film/meat contact. The results indicated that the higher the temperature，the longer the time and the more the fat content，the faster the migration was. It showed that ultraviolet irradiation and microwave heating could enhance the migration of DEHP from PVC film into meat. After microwave heating for 18 s，the amount of migration of DEHP was 189.3342 mg/kg，while the amount of migration of DEHP was 173.5921 mg/kg after ultraviolet irradiation for 48 h. PVC film mechanical properties，and penetration of oxygen and moisture were studied after migration of plasticizer DEHP from PVC into GSS. It was observed that with the transfer of DEHP the power of pulling and breaking changed in PVC film，and the transfer of air and moisture distinctly decreased.

Using the docking module FlexX in the SYBYL molecular modeling suite，a total of 66 enantiomers were docked to four lipases to predict the enantioselectivity of these lipases. In this process，the substrate analogs of tetrahedral intermediates were covalently docked to the active sites of lipases. Docking conformations without all the three essential H-bonds were discarded. The docking result indicated that the binding energy difference between the two enantiomers was not significant enough to accurately predict the enantiopreference of the enzymes when enantioselectivity was lower than 100. And the prediction ratio increased to 81.5% obviously，when enantioselectivity was higher than 100 and the substrate contained fewer backbone carbons. During the docking process，productive conformations were formed between most substrates and lipases，which were in accordance with the theoretical catalytic mode. Besides，owning to its high computing rate，this method can be applied to modeling and prediction of potential substrates of lipases with high throughput.

As important chemical raw materials，lactic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in food，pharmacy，textile and other chemical related industries. In recent years，simultaneous saccharification and fermentation（SSF）has been gradually applied to the lactic acid fermentation process. In this paper，the effect of such factors as raw materials，strains，glucoamylase and temperature on the productivity of SSF are reviewed，these factors and their interactions are discussed and development of the lactic acid production by SSF is prospected. Compared with traditional fermentation，SSF has the advantage of shortening the production cycle，saving equipment investment，increasing productivity，and reducing energy consumption.

β-Myrcene is a natural product with active chemical properties. The applications of β-myrcene in reduction reaction，oxidation reaction and other reactions are reviewed and its research progress in various organic reactions is summarized. The research of β-myrcene in Diels-Alder reactions is mainly introduced，including reactions between β-myrcene and dienophiles，such as acrolein，methyl acrylate and maleic anhydride and their degrees of difficulty are analyzed. Finally，the research directions of β-myrcene in applications are prospected.

The main method to produce vat red 14，a kind of vat dye，is through the reaction of naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and o-phenylenediamine with the presence of catalyst. There exist two isomers of vat red 14，the trans-structure is named orange 7 and the cis-structure is named vat red 15. The investigations of microwave heating in the synthesis of vat red 14 were carried out，and the effects of different temperatures（130—160 ℃），reaction times （5—40 min），and heating rates were discussed. It was found that temperature，reaction time and heating rate were the key factors determining the reaction products. Cis-product decreased with increasing temperature，and long reaction time favored trans-product. Trans-product could reach as high as 61% at temperature of 160 ℃ and reaction time of 40 min. It was also found that pre-synthesis at 60—100 ℃ favored the formation of the trans-product.

Microwave irradiation was used to reinforce the activation and methylation process of starch with dimethyl carbonate. The effects of microwave irradiation time，inorganic salt and its dosage on the methylation process were investigated，and the thermal performance of methylated starch was characterized. The results showed that the methoxyl content of methylated starch was up to 8.1%（the degree of substitution of methyl starch was equal to 0.43）at reactants ratio of m(Starch)∶m(NaCl)∶m[(CH₃O)₂CO] = 10∶4∶125 within 13 minutes microwave irradiation. Reaction extent was increased，reaction time was reduced significantly，but thermal stability of methyl starch decreased obviously compared with native starch.

Supercritical water oxidation（SCWO）is a new and highly effective technique for disposal of organic wastes. It has special advantages of disposing of wastes that are noxious or difficult to decompose. The paper summarizes its basic principles and applications for treatment of industrial wastes，and analyzes some of its disadvantages. These disadvantages refer to corrosion，salt precipitation and high energy consumption. Some possible approaches to resolving these problems are also discussed.

Ferrate（Fe(Ⅵ)）is a new type of water treatment chemicals. From the point of view of structural chemistry，electrochemistry，thermal decomposition characteristics and stability，the physical and chemical characteristics of Fe(Ⅵ) were analyzed，and the preparation of ferrate was described. Its application to water treatment was summarized，such as pre-oxidation by ferrate，and the specific applications were outlined. The results showed that 1.0 mg / L ferrate pre-oxidation could significantly improve the effect on coagulation，Water after sedimentation and filtration turbidity removal rate reached 98.58% and 99.9% respectively. Water colority，UV₂₅₄ and other organic composite indicator were significantly decreased. At the same time，manganese and iron were also significantly reduced. In addition，ferrate pre-oxidation could effectively remove bacteria and E.coli. Finally，according to the practical situation，the paper offers advice on engineering application of ferrate.

The substances containing nitrate ester groups，nitroglycerine（NG）and nitrocellulose（NC），which are widely used in military industries，are the products synthesized from organic hydroxyl group and nitric acid. Because they do not exist in nature and have potential danger for explosion，they can not be discharged directly to the environment. Microbes，which decompose the material in biochemical cycle in nature，have obvious effects on the decomposition of nitrate ester materials. The research progress of microbial decomposition of NG and NC is presented.

A new sulfonate copolymer scale inhibitor was prepared by solution polymerization of polyethylene glycol - itaconic acid ester and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid（AMPS）and maleic anhydride（MA）as monomers，with water as solvent，and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃ as initiator. The macromolecular polymer was characterized with IR and TG-DTA. The effects of monomer ratio，initiator dosage，reaction temperature on the copolymer’s antiscaling performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the copolymer was an excellent inhibitor against deposition of CaCO₃. The inhibition efficiency of CaCO₃ could reach 95% when the dosage of the terpolymer was 15mg·L^-1.

In this work，the combination of salt desorption，gas absorption and salt-added distillation was used to conduct experimental research of concentrating dilute hydrochloric acid. The influence of salt concentration，absorbent flow rate，still capacity on the process was investigated. For the lab experiment，the desorption still was connected directly with the absorption tower，and hydrochloric acid（20%） was used as both desorption solution and absorbent. It was shown that when 0.3 g/mL MgCl₂ was added in the desorption solution，hydrochloric acid enriched gas from the solution could be absorbed by the absorbent，whose concentration then increased to 32.80%. After that，salt-added distillation was carried out to deal with the residue hydrochloric acid（6.5%）in the desorption still. Hydrochloric acid（20%），which was recycled in the experiment as both desorption solution and absorbent，could be wihdrawn from the top of the distillation tower. The method mentioned in this work is suitable for small scale batch operation of concentrating dilute hydrochloric acid.

A new flow improver additive for super-viscous crude oil was prepared by esterification of polybasic high carbon alcohol with methacrylate and copolymerization and amination copolymers. The additives were used in Liaohe super-viscous crude oil. The viscosity-temperature property was investigated and a prediction model was regressed. The result showed that amination copolymers with similar structure of super-viscous crude oil could dissolve the huge polar groups to make the crude oil flow. Hence，viscosity decline rate reached 50%，with the highest above 80%. A viscosity-temperature prediction regression model was established and three-dimensional simulation was developed. The correlation coefficient of prediction regression model reached 0.987.