In recent years，with increasing demand for propylene for polypropylene production worldwide，the ratio of propylene to ethylene on the production side，has not kept pace with the ratio on the demand side. Moreover，the gap between supply and demand of propylene is expanding. To meet increasing demand，significant development of catalytic to produce low carbon olefin，is required. In this paper，commercialization of steam cracking technology to produce low carbon olefins is introduced. Demonstration test of advanced catalytic olefins（ACO）technology from Kellog Brown & Root LLC（KBR）and other 6 commercialized catalytic cracking of VGO/reduced crude are analyzed. It is suggested that based on the current situation in China，we should persist in policies of heavy to light conversion，diversification，integration of refining and petrochemical to increase low carbon olefin production. Large refining and petrochemical companies dealing with paraffin base crude and intermediate base crude are recommended to build several large scale catalytic cracking units to produce more low carbon olefins especially propylene.

The applications of acoustic emission（AE）technology in monitoring the state of equipment and the physico-chemical changes in chemical processes are reviewed in this paper，with a brief introduction of the principles of AE，hardware and analysis methods，Furthermore，detail cases in different unit operations and equipment monitoring are presented. AE technology has a broader prospect for industrial application than other detection methods.

The application of non-thermal plasma technology in waste gas treatment has been paid more attention to and the development of plasma reactors is the key issue. The structural characteristics of corona reactors，dielectric-barrier discharge（DBD）reactors and plasma-catalytic reactors，as well as their discharge characteristics，are introduced. The differences of all kinds of plasma reactors in terms of energy efficiency，by-product selectivity and industrial application are analyzed. Finally，the direction for future research is presented.

With the structure of tubular furnace energy saving as a starting point，the research on energy saving of tubular furnace burner，radiation chamber，convection chamber and heat recovery is reviewed including the restructuring of burner and radiation chamber，optimization of soot-blowing development of new decoking  technology， new air preheater，and new radiant tubes. Enhancement of radiation heat transfer and heat recovery can effectivelylower exhaust gas temperature，and improve heating efficiency，contributing to higher furnace energy efficiency． Finally，future research on energy-saving of tubular furnace study is proposed.

The research on monovinylacetylene production from dimerization of acetylene is reviewed，including the catalyst，production technology and reaction mechanism. Besides，development of the process，improvement scheme of the production techniques and development of downstream products of monovinylacetylene on the background of current energy and technique are also proposed.

Due to the lower diesel quality，and harm to health of aromatics，it is necessary to reduce the content of aromatics in diesel. Hydrogenation is an effective way to reduce the content of aromatics in diesel. Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrodraromatization are introduced. Simple lumping model and complex lumping model of diesel hydrodearomatization reaction are described. Simple lumping model is concise and practical，but its accuracy is not satisfactory. Complex lumping model is accurate，but it is complicated and expensive for general application，which limits its application. For kinetics model，aiming at higher accuracy is necessary，and lowering the cost of development and use are significant in its application.

Using thiophene/isooctane to model gasoline，the effects of extractant and solvent/oil ratio on vapor-liquid equilibrium were researched on a self-made small vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus and the relative volatility of thiophene/isooctane system was determined. Two chemical process flow simulation softwares of PRO/II and Aspen were used in simulation of the system. Good agreement between the measured results by this work and those of computer simulation was obtained. The relative volatility of thiophene/isooctane is 1.466 by using N,N-dimethylformamide as extractant at solvent/oil ratio of 4∶1.

By using the method of complexation extraction and molecular distillation，the polyols in bio-based polyols distillation residues were extracted and separated. The ratio between complexing and extracting agent，and the impact of temperature and time on the outcome of extraction were investigated. The results showed that complexation extraction and molecular distillation could effectively separate polyols.

In the circulating fluidized bed（CFB）cold model test system，a study on the relationship between operating conditions and gas-solids flow characteristics were carried out in a new returning ash heat exchanger. By changing the air flowrates of air-equalizing chamber and back-feed chamber，supplying air in radial direction in standpipe，the gas-solid flow characteristics of back-feed system under different operating conditions were analyzed. Cold test study results showed the relationship between different operating conditions and gas-solids flow characteristics in the returning ash heat exchanger，obtained from the air flowrates of each air chamber and the parameters of radial air supply for standpipe.

With ever-increasing production of biodiesel through the building of new bio-refineries worldwide，the crude glycerol by-product from biodiesel production becomes a surplus. In this paper，the recent advance in catalytic steam reforming of bioglycerol is reviewed. The composition and pyrolysis of bioglycerol are introduced. H₂ production by steam reforming of bioglycerol and sorption-enhanced steam reforming process（SERP）with in-situ CO₂ removal are introduced. The review shows the feasibility of high purity hydrogen production at a low temperature by the SERP technology，and further work is needed to optimize the system. The key technologies and potential challenges for steam reforming of bioglycerol are discussed，and the developing prospect is forecasted.

Good storage stability of bio-oils is the key to entering the market as an alternative energy. The basic characteristics of bio-oil，current research of storage stability，measurement methods and evaluation parameters of bio-oil storage stability are reviewed. Upgrading methods of bio-oil are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods，as well as the present status of upgrading technologies are analyzed．Making in-depth studies on the mechanism of pyrolysis，and development standards for bio-oil storage stability and application will help to accelerate the commercial utilization of bio-oils．

The iodine-sulfur（IS）thermochemical cycle is an extensively studied and prospective approach to nuclear hydrogen production. Among the three reactions of IS process，the Bunsen reaction，which connects the sulfuric acid and HI acid decomposition reactions，plays a key role in the closing of the cycle. Many researchers studied the Bunsen reaction，including operating conditions，products separation characteristics，side reactions and purification method，and new approaches were proposed. In this paper，the progress of the Bunsen reaction study is reviewed. The Bunsen reaction conditions and separation characteristics presented by various institutions are compared，the purification methods and results are summarized，and the optimal operating windows are recommended. In addition，the new approaches differing from conventional ones are introduced. These results may offer theoretical guide and basis for the smooth implementation of the Bunsen reaction，to achieve continuous and stable operation of the whole process.

The factors limiting the cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries and effect of cathode，anode and electrolyte on the cycle life are reviewed. The factors limiting the cycle life are introduced as follows：formation of irreversible Li₂S，failure of porous structure of the cathode and parasitic reaction between species of electrolyte and lithium anode. The approaches to improving cycle life of lithium sulfur batteries are introduced as follows：appropriate binder，carbon materials and preparation method of cathode，protective technology of lithium anode，appropriate species of electrolyte，structure and design of battery. Future development of the research is also prospected.

The recent progress of catalysts used in hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols is reviewed. Catalyst is the key factor in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols，such as Cu，Ru，Rh，Pt，Ni，Co-based catalysts. The catalyst properties，product separation and environment pollution are influenced by the catalyst type，composition，vector，preparation and process condition. There is still a lack of fundamental understanding of high activity and selectivity catalyst in hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol，Optimization of preparation technologies of catalysts used in hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol will be needed in order to achieve commercialization.

Recently progress of the catalytic system for ethylene tetramerization toward 1-octene is summarized. The structure and electronic property of PNP ligand are the mainly factors affecting the catalytic activity and the selectivity of the catalytic system. The bulk and electronic properties of N-substituented and P-substituented groups in PNP ligand have important effect on catalytic activity and selectivity to 1-octene. The substituent with bulkier and richer electronegativity will result in hindering further ethylene insertion，which induces lower catalytic activity and lower selectivity to 1-octene. The design and synthesis of a novel ligand is crucial to higher catalytic activity and higher selectivity to 1-octene.

The effect of organic ligands on hydrotreating catalysts and catalysis are reviewed. The organic ligands enhance the activity of hydrotreating catalysts. The mechanisms of organic ligands are discussed from two points of the preparation of catalyst and the sulfidation step. Organic ligands will interact more strongly with the metal species and the support. They prevent the strong metal-support interactions，and impact the dispersion and sulfidation of the metal species. Therefore，the more active type CoMoS phases can be formed.

The catalytic performance of SAPO-11，montmorillonite-K10，γ-Al₂O₃，ZnO and MgO loaded with Cu were studied for amination of ethanol to acetonitrile. The results showed that reduced copper metal had the function of dehydrogenation，and carriers not only played a role in the dispersion of copper metal but also had a synergistic effect. The acid-base property of carriers was closely related to catalytic results. Among these catalysts，the ideal catalytic results were obtained over the Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The influence of reaction conditions was investigated，and the favorable conditions of amination of ethanol to acetonitrile over Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ were as follows：reaction temperature of 290 ℃，reaction pressure of 0.1 MPa，ethanol WHSV of 1.0 h^－1 and ammonia/ethanol molar ratio of 7.0. The conversion of ethanol and the selectivity to acetonitrile were 99.7% and 92.6% respectively under the reaction conditions.

Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts with different Cr₂O₃ loadings were prepared by impregnation with Cr(NO₃)₃?9H₂O as precursor．Ortho-selective alkylation of phenol with diethyl carbonate was performed in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor filled with Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts．The Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts were characterized by means of XRD，NH₃-TPD，CO₂-TPD and FT-IR with pyridine adsorption．The results indicated that with increasing Cr₂O₃ loading，conversion of phenol and selectivity to o-ethylphenol increased；when Cr₂O₃ loading reached 7.5%，conversion of phenol and selectivity for o-ethylphenol reached a maximum of 48% and 67%，respectively．The catalyst characterization results showed that the Lewis acid sites were the active centers of ortho-selective alkylation of phenol；and the variations in phenol conversion and selectivity to o-ethylphenol could be mainly ascribed to the change in the number of acid sites and base sites．

Rechargeable magnesium batteries may be a potential candidate for heavy load application due to high energy density，low cost，safety of handling and environmentally friendly nature of metallic magnesium. In this paper，the recent research progress of cathode materials is reviewed，especially Mg_xMo₃S₄，V₂O₅ aerogels，V₂O₅ gel/carbon composites，graphene-like MoS₂，polyanion-type materials with good cyclability，high specific capacity or high discharge plateau. Furthermore，the current problems and the corresponding research directions are proposed.

The advance in surface molecularly imprinted polymer carriers is reviewed. In this paper，the surface molecularly imprinting technique with inorganic material and chitosan as the carriers is introduced respectively according to different types of carriers and surface modification methods，and the development prospect of the carriers is also presented. The surface modification of inorganic materials is mainly achieved by introduction of the functional groups（such as the amino group，the benzyl group，etc）of the alkylating agents. Then，the polymers are prepared by the surface molecularly imprinted technique. However，the modification of chitosan is completed by a variety of cross-linking methods in order to obtain a single matrix or a hybrid material as the carrier. Compared with traditional methods，the novel material has an excellent performance of good adsorption ability，high recycling rate and uniform particles. Nevertheless，further research is needed to study the micro behavior patterns during the preparation of polymers as well as the bonding rules between the functional monomer and the target molecule.

The recent development in modification methods and performance studies of lignosulfonate，a type of water-reducers，is reviewed. Physical modification methods include separation，purification and molecular weight classification of lignosulfonate. Chemical modification methods include oxidation，sulfonation，phenolation，hydroxymethylation，Mannich reaction and graft copolymerization. The main aspects of performance studies of lignosulfonate are its influences on setting time，strength，hydration process of cement and adsorption behavior on cement particles. Further studies and optimization of modification methods to lower cost on the basis of performance enhancement，along with basic studies of application of modified products through modern analysis methods are research directions for this green water-reducer.

Two polymethyl methacrylate ammonium salts（MAPS-B and MAPS-O）were used to modify montmorillonite. Such thermally stable oligomerically modified montmorillonites were further melt-compounded with polybutylene terephthalate（PBT）at a high temperature and six kinds of nanocomposites（PBT/MAPS-B-1，PBT/MAPS-B-2，PBT/MAPS-B-3，PBT/MAPS-O-1，PBT/MAPS- O-2 and PBT/MAPS-O-3）were obtained. The influence of the structure and content of oligomerically modified montmorillonite on the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. The results of X-ray diffraction（XRD）and transmission electrical microscopy（TEM）indicated that the PBT/MMT nanocomposites had intercalated structures. Increased clay loading was a disadvantage for clay dispersion in the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）showed that thermal stabilities of the PBT/MAPS-B and PBT/MAPS-O nanocomposites were improved remarkably. The onset temperature of thermal degradation（T_onset）of PBT/MAPS-O-2 was 20 ℃ higher than that of the pristine material. The thermal stability of the composites was influenced by the dispersity of clay. The poor dispersity with clay loading higher than 2% resulted in decreased T_onset of PBT/MMT. The effects of modified clays on the crystallization behavior of PBT were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）. The results showed that the nanocomposites of polyester/MMT had higher crystallization rate and a little lower melting temperature than the pristine polyester. The crystallization rate increased with increasing MMT content.

2,2-diallyl biphenol A was used to modify the bismaleimide-triazine（BT resin）which composed of bisphenol A dicyanate ester（BCE），4,4′-bismaleimidodipphenylmethane（BMI）. The effects of 2,2-diallyl biphenol A on curing reaction，solubility and thermal property of BT resin were investigated. The results showed that 2,2-diallyl biphenol A could reduce the temperature of curing reaction and improve the solubility of BT resin. When the amount of the 2,2-diallyl biphenol A amount was 20%，The temperature of curing reaction was lowered to 233.1 ℃. Furthermore，glass transition temperature（T_g）and the temperature at which 5% of the mass volatilized of the modified BT were 239.4 ℃ and 372.9 ℃，respectively，showing that excellent thermal properties of the modified BT.

A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant，resorcinol bis[di(2,6,7-trioxa-1- phosphabicyclo [2.2.2]-octane-1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl)] phosphate（RBPP）was synthesized from pentaerythritol，phosphorus oxychloride and resorcinol. The title compound was characterized by elemental analysis，FTIR，and ¹H NMR. The results showed that the structure of the title compound was consistent with expectation. Thermogravimetry（T_g）investigation on thermal stability of RBPP showed that mass loss of 5% was at about 350 ℃ and residue at 600 ℃ was as high as 57.4%. The limiting oxygen index（LOI）value coulds reach 31.8% and flame retardancy was UL-94 V-0 when mass fraction in E-51 epoxy resin was 15.2%.

Polycaprolactone（PCL）three-dimensional（3D）scaffold with spherulite and nanofibrous was first fabricated by thermally induced phase separation from a ternary PCL/dioxane/water system. The effects of aging temperature，ratio of dioxane and water on the morphology of nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that aging temperature played a crucial role in forming the unique nanofibrous structure. A higher gelation temperature or a higher content of water in the mixed solvent system was not favorable for the spherulite -like  morphology of scaffold. Coalescence of nanofibers occurred，even spherulite -like structure disappeared at a gelation temperatures higher than 8℃ or lower than －40℃ and at a proportion of water exceeding 12%.

Ca_1－xSr_xMnO₃（x=0，0.05，0.1）ceramic samples were prepared by using the sol-gel method and sintering in air with nitrales as starting materials. The phase composition，microstructure and electric properties of Sr doped samples were investigated. The results showed that the Ca_1－xSr_xMnO₃ ceramic samples was single phase and had condensed microstructure. Sr doped samples had better electric properties. The substitution of Sr for Ca had no significant effect on Seabeek coefficient but decreased its electrical resistivity，the highest power factor was 24.03×10^-5 W/（m·K²）at 600℃ for the sample of Ca_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃.

The development of chemical industry is hindered by energy crisis and environment pollution，and a new model of development is urgently to be exploited. Biorefining technology with renewable resources as feedstock is proposed as one possible solution，in which 2,3-butanediol fermentation is one important issue. 2,3-Butanediol，a bulk chemical product，has extensive applications，especially in chemical processes，food，fuel and medicine. The metabolic pathway of 2,3-butanediol is briefly described，and the progress of biotechnological production of 2,3-butanediol is reviewed，including microbial strains，strains mutagenization，genetic modifications and operating conditions (substrates，pH value，aeration，temperature and fermentation mode). Finally，2,3-butanediol fermentation research directions are proposed.

The structure and preparation methods of spinel cobalt blue pigments，including solide phase，liquid phase and gaseous phase processes were introduced. The effects of different iron-doping methods on the structure and properties of modified cobalt blue pigments were investigated with XRD，SEM techniques. Bivalent cation-doping influenced the lattice constant of the pigments in agreement with the law of Vegard. Tribalent cation-doping had an obvious influence on the tone of the pigments. Finally the development of cobalt blue pigments in terms of preparation methods and iron-doping was forecasted.

Rosin-based polyamide used as curing agent for conductive adhesive，was prepared from maleopimaric acid anhydride by amidation with diethylenetriamine，with epoxy resin 618 as matrix，silver-coated copper powder as conductive filler，KH560 and PEG（200）as accelerant，and silver-coated copper powder conductive adhesive was prepared. The influences of various factors on the shear strength，conductivity of the conductive adhesive were discussed，and its glass transition and heat-resistance were evaluated. The result showed that the resin epoxy/rosin-based polyamide system was cured completely when the mass ratio of resin epoxy：rosin-based polyamide was 100∶50.8 at  120 ℃ for 60 min，and the addition of silver-coated copper powder was 60% to resin epoxy，KH560 and PEG（200）were 3% and 5% to silver-coated copper powder respectively.Under such conditions the comprehensive performance of the conductive adhesive was optimal. Thermal decomposition temperature was 342.1 ℃，and glass transition was 144.7 ℃.

2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxydeoxybenzoin was synthesized from 1,3,5- trimethoxybenzene，via the Houben-Hoesch reaction or Friedel-Crafts reaction and demethylation of 2,4,6- trimethoxydeoxybenzoin. Because of the protection of methyl group，the reactivity of hydroxy groups was reduced and the yields of Houben-Hoesch and Friedel-Crafts reaction reached to 81.3% and 94.5% respectively. The yield of demethylation was 93.8%. The effects of catalyst amount and reaction temperature were investigated，and the optimal process parameters were as follows：（1）in Friedel-Crafts reaction，the ratio of catalyst（aluminum chloride）and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene 1.1∶1，reaction temperature 25 ℃，（2）in demethylation，the ratio of demethylation reagent and 2,4,6- trimethoxydeoxybenzoin 1.2∶1，reaction temperature 82 ℃. The product was characterized with ¹H NMR and MS.

In the mixed solvents of ethanol and isopropanol，3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride（CTA）was used as etherifying agent to achieve the cationic reaction of hydroxyethyl cellulose（HEC）. The factors affecting the degree of substitution（Cds）and reaction efficiency（Cre）were investigated，and the structure of the product was identified by ¹H NMR. Cds of the product was 0.50 and the Cre reached 75%，with mass ratio m(HEC)∶m(Et.)∶m(iPA)∶ m(25%NaOH)∶m(69%CTA)∶m(Ea)= 20∶20∶70∶13∶15∶8，at 25 ℃ for 30 min activation with amine，and reaction at 60 ℃ for 4 h.

To control air pollution，develop cycling economy and promote the technology with the characteristics of resource reutilization，water-saving and wide spectrum purification，the progress of industrial application of flue gas dry purification by dry activated coke（carbon）methods is reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis of the new development of industrial applications，such a technology can promote the development of domestic flue gas purification industry，development of cycling economy and building a sustainable ecologically civilized society.

The magnetic immobilized technology with unique magnetism advantages has wide application prospect in environmental engineering. In this paper，the research progress of the magnetic immobilized carriers and the magnetic immobilized technology used in environmental monitoring，waste water and gas treatment in recent years is reviewed and its development orientations，such as preparation of magnetic carriers，exploring new immobilized methods and developing industrial applications in the future are presented.

Compared with the catalytic hydrogenation desulfurization technology，non-hydrogenation desulfurization technology can be used under atmospheric pressure and at a low temperature with the advantages of small investment，safe operation and lower cost. The principles and techniques of non-hydrogenation desulfurization technology，including acid-base purification，adsorption，catalysis，extraction，oxidation，microbiological method，radiation and other ionic liquid method were compared，and their respective advantages and disadvantages were discussed to provide guidance for the development of desulfurization technology. The prospect of desulfurization process is a combination  of the above desulfurization processes.

Equipment corrosion and fouling problems are analyzed in the utilization of geothermal energy and new technologies to inhibit geothermal corrosion and fouling are reviewed. Anti-corrosion methods include coating an anti-corrosion layer，selecting anti-corrosion materials for the equipment and pipes，increasing the corrosion allowance in the design of pipelines and other structures，injecting nitrogen or sealing off oxygen，adding sulfur（corrosion inhibitors）into the system etc. Fouling prevention techniques include adding chemical inhibitors，cleaning scale by installing fouling trapping tank or groove before geothermal utilization，imposing electric，magnetic，sound or other physical fields，coating an antiscaling layer，etc. The research directions of the corrosion and fouling prevention technologies are proposed.

Activated carbon was made from sewage sludge with H₃PO₄  as a sludge activation agent during the pyrolytic process. The carbonization temperature，carbonization time，acid concentration，activation temperature，activation time were optimized. The effects of such factors on the sludge activated carbon were investigated. The optimal conditions were carbonization temperature 623K，carbonization time 50min，concentration of washing acid 25%，activation temperature 653K，activation time 50min. Under such conditions，the yield of the activated carbon was 48%，and the iodine adsorption value was 585.1mg/g. The activated carbon was used to purify dyeing waste water，and the adsorption efficiency could reach 99.97% with 0.5g activated carbon per 100 mL waste water.

Polyester filter cloth with mean pore size of 37 μm was used as the separation medium to develop a submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor（DMBR）for treating model household wastewater. The treatment efficiency and extracellular polymeric substances（EPS）were investigated at different dissolved oxygen（DO）concentrations，the characteristics of membrane fouling were dicussed. The results showed that when the concentration of DO was more than 0.5 mg/L，the concentration of effluent COD was stable at 16.67 mg/L. The concentration of DO had a significant effect on the effluent of ammonia nitrogen，nitrate and total nitrogen. When the concentration of DO was 3.0～3.5 mg/L，the effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was the lowest，and the removal of total nitrogen was the maximum. When the concentration of DO was more than 2.0 mg/L，the concentration of EPS was almost unchanged. Under such circumstances，the concentration of EPS was 20 mg/g MLSS，and the polysaccharide concentration was more than the protein concentration in the DMBR. The resistance values of cloth and dynamic membrane was 2×10⁶ m^－1 and 4.32×10⁷ m^－1，respectively. The latter was the main resistance in the DMBR. At a constant influent flow of 3.0 L/h，the flux of the dynamic membrane could reach 25 L/(m²·h)，with its backwashing period of about 33d and 100% recovery of the membrane flux.

The tailrace of coking wastewater still have a variety of inert ingredients，which is an environmental risk and further limits its discharge or reuse safety，so it is necessary to study the feasibility of an advanced in-depth treatment technology. The actual wastewater was treated with a designed H₂O₂/UV fluidized bed reactor，and  COD removal and UV254 conversion were investigated under different dosages of H₂O₂，pH，aeration and light conditions，with TOC as an indicator to evaluate the degree of mineralization，and the oxidation of inert ingredients was analyzed by UV scanning，HPLC，GC/MS，IC. The results showed that under the conditions that the initial molar ratio of H₂O₂ to the COD was about 0.22，with slightly acidic and proper aeration，and high light reflection effective conversion of pollutants could be achieved，COD and TOC concentration could be decreased to about 20 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively. During the process，the long-chain hydrocarbons，nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds，benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other components were effectively transformed and mineralized，some were transformed into small molecule intermediate products，such as acetic acid and others，the toxicity of wastewater was greatly reduced and the effluent could serve as a source of reuse water.

Few studies have been devoted to the real-time analysis of the variation in cyanide concentration in a coking wastewater treatment plant，although this is important for the design of such a plant. This work presented a method to allow high-efficiency removal of cyanide，based on the analysis of the data collected from a real A/O₁/H/O₂ coking wastewater treatment plant（Shaogang，Guangdong）. The results showed that the biodegradation rate of cyanide was much slower than that of phenols present in the biological system，and the degradation rate of metal-complexed cyanide was much slower than that associated with uncomplexed cyanide. The effective removal of carbon and nitrogen in the A/O₁/H/O₂ biological system was responsible for achieving high-efficiency biodegradation of cyanide. In addition，this work demonstrated that the high-efficiency treatment of coking wastewater could be realized by taking into account the synergetic effect of biodegradation kinetics for different components and the optimization of operating conditions.