Process simulation software is the key R&D tool for petrochemical industry, and its application has been throughout the whole life cycle of process design, engineering, operation and optimization. At present, above 90% of commercial process simulation software used in China's petrochemical industry are foreign products, which are basically monopolized by foreign countries. From the perspective of commercial software, this paper reviews the early development of chemical process simulation technology and software, and analyzes the mergers and acquisitions cases of multinational process industry giants in recent years. Based on the investigation of petrochemical enterprises and software suppliers, the paper analyzes the domestic market application of process simulation software and the maturity of independent process simulation software, and expounds five major technology development trends of process simulation software: CAPE-OPEN software interface specification, modeling based on molecular characterization and reaction kinetics, data-driven and process mechanism joint modeling, vertical integration, horizontal integration and end-to-end integration, and digital twin applications. The petrochemical industry demand, market scale and scientific research foundation are favorable conditions for the development of independent process simulation software. However, it is particularly critical to build an industrial ecological chain of government, university, research institute and enterprise, and form a product-oriented and market-oriented healthy software development environment.

In the granulation section of the urea workshop of the chemical fertilizer plant, gas containing urea dust will inevitably be produced, especially in the granulation process of large particles of urea, dust gas with higher temperature and urea dust concentration will be generated. Dust is collected and recycled to increase economic benefits and avoid environmental pollution. According to the good water solubility of urea, wet capture technology is generally adopted at home and abroad, and the core device of the system is the urea exhaust gas cooling scrubber. Through this system, the exhaust gas produced by urea granulation is cooled and washed, and then discharged into the atmosphere, and urea dust is recovered at the same time. With the advancement of technology, the development of urea exhaust gas cooling and scrubbing equipment has gone through different stages. Including the original random packed tower, tray and nozzle combination, structured packing and MD tray composite structure, gas-liquid co-current cooling scrubber, etc. Compared with the traditional countercurrent absorption tower, the gas-liquid co-current cooling scrubber. The operation will not produce flooding, the gas velocity range is large, the processing capacity is high, and the discharge is more environmentally friendly. Compared with the traditional scrubbing device, under the same conditions, the first investment is reduced by 40%, the system pressure drop is reduced by more than 50%, the fan power and air pressure are reduced, and the operation cost is reduced. In recent years, it has been adopted by most domestic manufacturers.

Based on thermal theory and engineering technology, this paper analyzes and calculates the technical characteristics of steam compression technology applied to reboiler and its influence on reheater operation cost, energy saving and carbon reduction. The advantages and disadvantages of steam compression technology applied in reboiler are analyzed from three aspects of operation reliability, economy and energy saving and carbon reduction effect. The analysis results show that the steam compression technology applied to the reboiler can provide a more advantageous heat source for the reboiler in terms of operation reliability, economy, energy saving and carbon reduction. In terms of operation reliability, the application of steam compression technology makes the operating temperature of reboiler more constant and controllable, and reduces the problems and risks of carbon deposition and local thermal stress of reboiler materials; in terms of economy, the application of steam compression technology reduces the operating cost of reboiler by 62.9% compared with conductive hot oil boiler; in terms of energy saving and carbon reduction effect, the steam pressure of reboiler is higher than that of natural gas boiler. The application of carbon reduction technology makes the reboiler reduce carbon by around 65% compared with the case of using conductive hot oil boiler, which provides an effective technical upgrade for the country to achieve the long-term goal of carbon neutralization. Therefore, the development of more efficient and wider operating range steam compression technology and application technology is imminent.

Research of mode of air distribution and total air volume for a 330MW boiler in a certain power plant,were carried out to analysis the influence of mode of air distribution and total air volume variation on concentration of NO_x emission and economical operation of the boiler. Result of the test showed that under the constant Unit load, change the air distribution mode, under 250MW load, the efficiency of the boiler at working condition T2 is similar to that of the boiler at working condition T1, concentration of NO_x emission decreased by 40mg/m³, under 300MW load, the efficiency of the boiler at working condition T4 is 0.28% higher than that of the boiler at working condition T3, concentration of NO_x emission decreased by 20mg/m³.Under the condition that the unit load and other operation parameters are basically invariable,change the total air volume,under 300MW load, the efficiency of the boiler at working condition T6 is 0.19% higher than that of the boiler at working condition T5, concentration of NO_xemission decreased by 40mg/m³. Under 250MW load, the efficiency of the boiler at working condition T9 is 0.16% higher than that of the boiler at working condition T7, concentration of NO_xemission increased by 40mg/m³. Under 190MW load, the efficiency of the boiler at working condition T12 is 0.24% higher than that of the boiler at working condition T10, concentration of NO_x emission decreased by 60mg/m³.

The static mixer is a kind of highly efficient and online heat and mass transfer enhanced equipment and has excellent characteristics in the chemical process intensification. The lack of research about the effects of physical properties of nanofluids on the heat transfer characteristics in the Lightnin static mixer (LSM) restricts a further industrial application of LSM in the field of enhancing heat transfer. The effects of volume fraction, particle type and size of nanoparticles on the heat transfer in LSM were numerically evaluated under the conditions of Re=8000—28000 and constant heat flux using the SST k-ω turbulence model and multiphase mixture model. With the increasing of volume fraction of Cu-H₂O nanofluids, the comprehensive heat transfer performance (PEC) and synergy between velocity field and temperature field of nanofluids are gradually enhanced while the total entropy production rate and Be gradually decrease. The PEC values of Cu-H₂O nanofluids with volume fractions from 0.5% to 2.0% could be obtained up to 2.16—2.25, 3.16—3.25, 3.94—4.15 and 4.64—5.16 at Re=8000—28000, respectively. The enhanced heat transfer performance of Cu-H₂O nanofluids is much better than that in the Al₂O₃-H₂O and CuO-H₂O nanofluids. The average PEC of Al₂O₃-H₂O and CuO-H₂O are 0.47 and 0.46 times of Cu-H₂O nanofluids, respectively. With the increasing particle size of Cu-H₂O nanofluid, the comprehensive heat transfer performance and synergistic performance of the nanofluids are gradually weakened while the total entropy production rate and Be gradually increase.

The stratified oil-water flow regime is always encountered in long-distance crude oil transmitting pipelines, and then the acid-containing water layer probably lead to the serious internal corrosion of the bottom of the pipe, which becomes a significant threat to the long-term safe running. The multiphase flow, mass transfer, chemical reaction and electrode kinetics pose a challenge to corrosion prediction. A novel flow-induced corrosion kinetics model was proposed on the basic theory of multiphase flow dynamics and corrosion kinetics. Firstly, a mass transfer model under the oil-water three-layer flows was established. Secondly, based on the mass-transfer calculation of the ions across the bulk solution and the corrosion film, a prediction method for the multiphase flow corrosion was established according to the current density equilibrium of the anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions. The interrelationship between the corrosion process and the ion mass transfer, electrode reactions and the dynamic growth of the corrosion film was revealed. Furthermore, the effects of CO₂ partial pressure and temperature on the corrosion evolution were investigated. The results indicate that the CO₂ partial pressure and temperature could change the ion concentration by altering the moving direction of the equilibrium reactions. The diffusion coefficient was the intrinsic factor to determine the mass transfer process. Moreover, the corrosion evolution process was determined by two factors: the dynamic growth of corrosion film and the electrode reactions. The continuous growth of corrosion film could impede the mass transfer of the ions involved in the reactions, thereby hindering the corrosion process, while the increment of ion concentration and mass transfer could speed the electrode reactions and then promote the corrosion process.

A computer-aided molecular design method (CAMD) based on the higher-order group contribution method (GC⁺) and the conductor like screening model-segment activity coefficient (COSMO-SAC) model is proposed. First, based on the GC⁺ method and the COSMO-SAC model, the GC⁺-COSMO method is constructed, which correlates the molecular group combination and the surface screening charge density distribution [σ-profiles, p(σ)] as well as the volume of molecular cavity (V_c), so as to achieve high-throughput prediction of them. Then, the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) based isomer generation algorithm and the GC⁺-COSMO method are combined to realize the recognition and property differentiation of solvent molecular isomers by CAMD technology. Finally, the solvent design problem is established by the mixed integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) composed of objective function and constraint equations, and the decomposition algorithm is further used to optimize the solution to achieve the solvent optimization design goal. Based on the above models and methods, the Diels-Alder (DA) competitive reaction solvent design case is carried out, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.

For the problem of unstable operation in the regeneration of glycol-water separation by heat-integrated pressure swing distillation, based on Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics software, dynamic simulation and control scheme were studied and optimized after steady-state simulation and optimization. The control scheme CS2 were designed. Compared with the conventional control scheme CS1, the control loop of operation pressure of two columns is independent, and the liquid level of higher pressure column and the temperature of lower pressure column is controlled by the flow of heat-transfer oil and the bottom production flow of column respectively. The dynamic response characteristics were analyzed by respectively the disturbance to the feed rate and the disturbance to the ethylene glycol content in the feed. The results show that the control scheme CS1 can basically resist the influence of the disturbance of feed rate and feed composition in the system, but the corresponding control response will appear certain hysteresis and it is difficult to guarantee product quality. In comparison, the control scheme CS2 has better resistance against the same feed rate and feed composition disturbance, and improves the control performance significantly. The mass fraction of ethylene glycol is not less than 88% in fluctuation. The variation of product quality is less than 2% compared with that before disturbance, and the scheme is relatively simple in practical application. This study provides a new idea for the stable control of the heat-integrated pressure swing distillation, and has great reference significance in the heat-integrated pressure swing distillation applied in other system.

Through ethenolysis the double bonds in biomass are cut off to obtain terminal ene derivatives, which is expected to bring more high value-added chemicals on biomass. This article focuses on the application of ethenolysis in biomass, briefly introduces the mechanism and development of ethenolysis, introduces ethenolysis catalyst, and expounds the research progress of ethenolysis in fat and oils, cashew shell oil, crotonate, phenylalanine and other biomass. The terminal ene derivatives obtained from these reactions can be used in lubricants, polymers, fragrances, drug intermediates and other fields. Among them, in the microwave the turnover of ethenolysis of fat and oils is up to 1561500, which is expected to be industrialized. At the same time, it is pointed out that the catalyst price is too expensive and it is difficult to recover, and the conversion rate and yield of some biomass raw materials are low. It is suggested that the following research should not only develop more economical and efficient catalysts, but also explore suitable raw materials, catalytic systems and technological processes for industrialization.

Deep control and flooding technology is one of the effective methods to improve the recovery of low permeability heterogeneous reservoirs. Polymer microspheres have been widely studied because of their good plugging performance and depth performance. In this paper, the deep control and displacement mechanism of polymer microspheres in the formation are introduced in detail, and the preparation methods of polymer microspheres are introduced, and the research content and research status of polymer microspheres are summarized. It is pointed out that the introduction of nanomaterials to synthesize functional polymer microspheres can effectively solve the stability of polymer microspheres, which is of great significance for the later development of low permeability reservoirs.

After the "carbon neutral" goal was put forward, all industries are looking for ways to reduce carbon emissions. The use of biomass energy is one of the important means to achieve the carbon neutral goal. Due to its excellent combustion property and environmental protection performance, biodiesel has become an ideal biomass fuel, its production process has been a research hotspot in recent years. The continuous production process is significant to the large-scale production and promotion of biodiesel, the reaction devices mainly include microchannel reactors, fixed-bed reactors, tubular reactors, and membrane reactors at present. This review summarizes the research progress in the use of continuous processes to prepare biodiesel at home and abroad recently. These studies shows that the yield of biodiesel can be improved by optimizing the structure of the reactor, using a co-solvent, and improving the activity of the catalyst. Also we analysis the shortcomings of each reactor, and put forward corresponding suggestions, then prospects has been made for the continuous production of biodiesel, so as to provide a reference for the production of low-cost and low-energy biodiesel.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has attracted much attention in the field of new energy due to its advantages of high energy conversion rate,zero pollution and low temperature start-up, but its cost and durability are still a challenging issues in this field.This paper first reviews the achievements that researchers have made at home and abroad in recent years in lowering the cost and improving the durability of fuel cell.We introduce the development tendency of fuel cell in decreasing the platinum load and enhancing the power density and durability of the membrane electrode from three aspects: the technology of catalyst preparation, the membrane electrode structure optimization, the improvement of fuel cell durability.Constructing a platinum-based alloy catalyst, core-shell structure catalyst and nano structure catalyst can effectively reduce the platinum catalyst loads, thereby reducing fuel cell costs; forming a porous layer or a gas diffusion layer can improve the microstructure of the membrane electrode, so as to increase the power density of the battery. Developing a new proton exchange membrane and replacing the catalyst carrier can enhance the durability of the membrane electrode. Then, according to the current research progress, it is explained that improving the stability of membrane electrode is still a difficult problem, and the future research direction is prospected.

There are a lot of natural gas hydrate resources in the permafrost area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The safe exploitation of natural gas hydrate and the formation storage of greenhouse gas CO₂ can be realized by the CO₂ replacement mining of natural gas hydrate in permafrost area. The formation kinetics of gas hydrate in porous media below the freezing point is a difficult and hot issue in the research field of gas hydrate replacement and exploitation in frozen soil regions. In this paper, the research progress on the formation kinetics of gas hydrate in porous media below freezing point is comprehensively reviewed, and the formation mechanism and characteristics of gas hydrate in porous media below freezing point in different systems are discussed. In addition, the mechanism of ice hydrate formation and the formation characteristics of gas hydrate in the ice powder/porous media system are described in detail, and analyzed the area that need to be perfected and improved in the research on the kinetics of gas hydrate formation in porous media below freezing point. Finally, it is pointed out that the formation process of hydrate in porous media below freezing point is controlled by various factors such as heat transfer and mass transfer, and revealing the dominant factors and influence laws of different processes is the focus of future research. At present, the understanding of the formation characteristics and mechanism of hydrates in porous media below the freezing point is not yet mature, and in-depth research is still needed.

Lignin is rich in aromatic ring structure, which can be used as a sustainable renewable raw material for the production of high-value energy and chemical products. However, due to the complex structure of lignin, it is still in the exploratory stage for the preparation of bio-liquid fuels. This article first introduces the progress of lignin in the preparation of bio-liquid fuels through three depolymerization methods: catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic hydrogenolysis, and catalytic oxidation. The current depolymerization products have low carbon number and highoxygen content, which makes it difficult to prepare, and the current status of production and use indicates that C—C coupling methods (including aldol condensation, alkylation, oligomerization and Diels-Alder reactions) should be used to increase the number of carbon atoms in the product, and using hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) to reduce the oxygen content of the product, so as to realize the preparation of high-density bio-liquid fuel from lignin. Finally, it summarizes and prospects the current challenges faced by lignin to prepare high-density fuels and future research trends. It is pointed out that the construction of an efficient catalytic system that couples depolymerization, C—C coupling and HDO processes will be the focus of future research in this field.

Gas hydrate has many advantages, but there is no large-scale industrial utilization. The most important problem is that the rate of carbon dioxide hydrate generation is slow, which hinders the application of hydrate technology. Therefore, the key to the successful application of gas hydrate technology is to maximize the rate of its generation. The most common method for the rapid formation of CO₂ hydrate is to add accelerators, and different kinds and concentrations of accelerators have different effects on the formation rate of CO₂ hydrate. Therefore, this paper mainly summarizes the rapid formation methods of carbon dioxide hydrate, from the kinetic accelerator, nanofluid and ionic accelerator analysis, respectively summarized their formation mechanism of hydrate. The effects of SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate, nano graphite and sodium chloride on the induced nucleation time, formation rate, phase equilibrium and surface tension of carbon dioxide hydrate were analyzed. Finally, it is pointed out that: There is an optimal concentration of a single accelerator, but it will change with the change of various factors such as temperature and pressure, and there is a synergistic effect when different kinds of accelerators are mixed, and the generation effect is better than that of a single accelerator. It is the key direction of future research to reveal the law of the influence of the most suitable single accelerator on hydrate formation at different temperatures and pressures and to find out the most suitable accelerator to increase the hydrate formation rate. At present, the effect of various single and compound accelerators on the formation of hydrate has not formed a complete system, which needs further study.

Energy saving and transportation increase of heavy oil are urgent needs to solve the problem of conventional crude oil depletion and to ensure the replacement of crude oil. However, the high viscosity of heavy oil and strong adhesion of flow channel make its transportation extremely difficult, which is a bottleneck of energy saving and efficiency increasing transportation technology of heavy oil. In our previous study, we found that the viscosity reduction of heavy oil by emulsification under the action of active water, at the same time, changing the characteristics of fluid solid interface between heavy oil and pipe wall. And according to the idea of improving recovery efficiency of heavy oil - wetting reversal of wettability, a new idea of viscosity reduction by emulsification and fluid solid interface wetting coupling is proposed. Based on the systematic analysis of the relevant research results at home and abroad, the effectiveness of viscosity reduction, fluid solid interface wetting and its coupling drag reduction of heavy oil are going to be discussed. The main problems existing in the coupling resistance reduction of emulsification/wetting of active water are analyzed. And the feasibility of emulsification/wetting coupling drag reduction in heavy oil pipeline transportation will be theoretically analyzed. The results show that the idea of emulsion/wetting drag reduction is feasible theoretically, and it is easier to implement the wetting inversion of the solid interface of pipeline transportation while emulsification and viscosity reduction under the action of surfactant. However, the practical application of emulsification/wetting drag reduction is not fully understood, and the related scientific problems need to be further studied. It is expected to understand the influence of fluid solid interface characteristics on flow resistance and to solve the problem of flow resistance of heavy oil flow in pipeline transportation, which provides theoretical and technical support for heavy oil flow improvement. And it has a broad application prospect in energy saving and efficiency increasing of heavy oil pipeline transportation.

Calcium carbide slag has made more progress in the application of coal-fired power plant drydesulfurization process in recent years. However, there are still many problems in the application of wet desulfurization, such as poor dissolving characteristics, low oxidation rate of calcium sulfite, difficult dehydration of gypsum and so on. Based on the physical and chemical properties of calcium carbide slag, the effects of pore structure, reaction temperature and Ca/S ratio on desulfurization efficiency and the effect of the introduction of calcium carbide slag on the efficiency and operation of circulating fluidized bed boiler were both analyzed. In terms of ablation characteristics, slurry oxidation characteristics and gypsum dehydration characteristics of calcium carbide slag, the problems in the application of calcium carbide slag in wet desulfurization process were analyzed, and a new process route for producing limestone slurry taking advantage of reclaimed water advanced treatment system using calcium carbide slag is proposed. A feasibility test was conducted in the reclaimed water advanced treatment system of a 2×660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit. When the purity of calcium hydroxide is ≥95%, the reasonable sludge blending ratio range is 50%—70%, and the produced gypsum meets the quality requirements of secondary gypsum.

To solve the problem of low average exergy efficiency of traditional heating technology,a cascade heating technology based on waste heat of exhausted steam was proposed.The technology effectively uses waste heat of exhausted steam and reduce the cold source loss of steam turbine, avoid the energy loss caused by the high extraction parameters of steam from intermediate pressure cylinder outlet, and the heating economy of the unit was improved.Taking a power plant as an example,the fuel specific consumption analysis model of cascade heating system based on waste heat of exhausted steam was established based on the law of thermodynamics and fuel specific consumption analysis theory,the exergy analysis and additional fuel specific consumption analysis were carried out by using the model,which provides a theoretical basis for energy saving and consumption reduction.The results indicate that: the coal consumption for power generation decreased from 249.69g/(kW·h) before the transformation to 149.9g/(kW·h),a decrease of 99.79g/(kW·h), the heating load of unit increased from 788.4MW before the transformation to 1673.9MW, an increase of 885.5MW; the heat transfer temperature difference after the transformation was only 7℃ at the non-frigid period and 26.94℃ at the severe cold period, which was much lower than that before the transformation; the average exergy of steam inlet of heater decreased by 524.73kJ/kg and 418.2kJ/kg respectively compare with before the transformation, the average exergy efficiency of heating system increased by 51.35% and 32.58% respectively compare with before the transformation,the average additional fuel specific consumption of heating system was 3.11g/(kW·h) and 7.98g/(kW·h) at the non-frigid and severe cold period.This shows that after the transformation of “a cascade heating technology based on waste heat of exhausted steam”, the economic benefit is remarkable,so it has a broad application prospect in the field of the cascade heating technology based on waste heat of exhausted steam.

The traditional benefit calculation method based on the framework scheme for rough benefit estimation can no longer meet the role of service production and leading production in terms of data caliber, measurement accuracy, measurement accuracy, and timeliness of measurement. In order to solve this problem, a method is proposed to construct a benefit calculation model based on the data integration of the existing information system to realize the lean benefit calculation of the entire crude oil industry chain. This method aims to serve production and operation. On the basis of combing and analyzing the business logic of each link in the crude oil industry chain, based on the material flow and value flow between each business link, a lean benefit calculation model for the entire crude oil industry chain is constructed. Realize the calculation of the overall benefits of the crude oil industry chain and the benefits of each link; the model data granularity is consistent with the production caliber, and can be based on the integrated information system to achieve rapid data import. After being applied in the production management department, the model can realize the rapid and precise calculation of the overall and sub-link benefits of the crude oil industry chain after the preliminary planning data is generated, reducing the workload of data maintenance, and improving the efficiency of calculation and the accuracy of calculation results , which effectively improved the production control water of the crude oil industry chain, and realized the gradual transformation from the production plan to the business plan.

Activated carbon was prepared from the mixture of Heishan coal powder and biomass by one step rapid pyrolysis activation method with CO₂ as activation atmosphere. The effects of different mass ratio, activation temperature and CO₂ concentration on the specific surface area of activated carbon were discussed. The properties of activated carbon were characterized by N₂ adsorption (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon were determined as follows: when the activation temperature was 900℃, the mass ratio was 1, the concentration of CO₂ was 30%, and the activation time was 120min, the specific surface area and pore volume of activated carbon were the largest, which were 910m²/g and 0.39cm³/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon was verified by the adsorption capacity of ethyl acetate, and the maximum cumulative adsorption capacity was 766.51mg/g.

The nitrogen content in coal-based crude oil is as high as 4500mg/L, and it is difficult to achieve the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds in coal-based crude oil by using petroleum-based NiMoS catalyst. In order to develop more targeted and efficient hydrodenitrogenation catalyst, the research developments of coal-based crude oil hydrodenitrogenation catalyst is reviewed. Firstly, the composition and characteristics of nitrogen-containing compounds in coal-based crude oil are introduced. Secondly, around the traditional sulfide and noble metal catalysts with high denitrification performance, the construction and regulation of the active phase and the role of the support in the catalyst are analyzed. Finally, the activities of the two catalysts are compared. The analysis shows that the activity of noble metal catalysts is higher than that of traditional sulfide catalysts. The addition of promoter metals to form alloys is beneficial to the improvement of its sulfur resistance and stability. Catalysts with a certain acidity and moderate interaction with active centers have better denitrification performance. The HDN catalyst which designed based on reaction process can increase the removal rate of nitrogen-containing compounds basically.

At present, the three commonly used fixed bed, slurry bed and fluidized bed reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis have different degrees of mass and heat transfer problems. At the same time, the reactants/products and the catalysts are difficult to separate. The reaction is carried out under conditions close to isothermal and very small pressure drop in the microreactor, which is expected to improve the reaction performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and increase the activity and selectivity of the catalyst used. This article first introduces the structure and characteristics of the microreactor, and then briefly describes the experimental research of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the microreactor from the type of catalyst and its particle loading type and wall coating type in the microreactor. The simulation calculation of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in microreactors is briefly described from computational fluid dynamics and kinetics research.

Rapid and accurate acquisition of refining catalysts knowledge from mass data is beneficial to saving the time cost of developing novel refining catalysts. Scientific research archives, regarded as carriers to record the process data and experiential knowledge, are the important basis for the development of refining catalyst production technology. Through analyzing the current situation about the utilization of refining catalysts-related scientific research archives, it can be found that those archives are not effectively combined with the research and production process, and thus resulting in severe waste of resources. In order to enhance the use value of archives in product development, the idea about construction of refining catalyst archives thematic database was raised. In this paper, the system architecture, overall technical framework and operation strategy were introduced, which could meet different users' demand during the research and development process. The database also realizes its supporting role in research, which is expected to work as a reference in scientific research archives of petrochemical industry in China when it comes to data management and knowledge mining.

Porous carbon materials have special pore structure, good chemical stability and strong electrical conductivity. In recent years, nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) modified by porous carbon materials has solved the problems of easy agglomeration, small migration distance and low reactivity, which has become a research hotspot to improve the effect of nano-zero-valent iron on in-situ remediation of contaminated sites.In this paper, the characteristics of three kinds of carbon materials, namely mesoporous carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes, are described, and the influence mechanism of porous carbon material loading on the mobility, reactivity, selectivity and electrocatalysis of nano-zero-valent iron is analyzed. The future direction of modified nano-zero-valent iron is prospected with the application examples of actual pollution test sites studied in the laboratory at present, and it is pointed out that the research hotspots of carbon material carriers in the future are: optimizing the morphology, surface groups and doping other atoms of porous carbon materials.

Wood has developed pore structure and good mechanical properties. The electrode and electrolyte materials prepared from wood have excellent electrochemical properties, which has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the research progress of wood in the field of electrochemistry in recent years was reviewed, with emphasis on the preparation methods of wood-based electrode and electrolyte materials and their applications in electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors and batteries. The mechanism of wood improving the electrochemical properties of electrode and electrolyte materials is analyzed. It is pointed out that the developed pore structure of wood can effectively adsorb and transport electrolyte ions, which is the key to endow the materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Finally, the problems existing in the application of wood in the field of electrochemistry are summarized, and it is proposed that we should deepen the design and research of wood pore structure and pore morphology, make efficient use of wood microstructure and enrich wood modification schemes in the future.

The utilization of renewable energy not only reduces environmental pollution, but also contributes to the goal of“carbon neutralization”?. Thermal energy storage is one of the important ways to effectively use unstable renewable energy such as solar energy. Thermochemical heat storage materials can be applied for seasonal heat storage due to their high energy storage density and little heat loss. This paper summarizes and analyzes the heat storage performance of sorption heat storage materials in the literature. The energy storage density, output power and heat storage efficiency of the four kinds of heat storage materials under different operating conditions are compared. The typical application cases of each kind of materials are discussed. The solution absorption material has the low desorption temperature. Moreover, the poor heat and mass transfer of the corresponding system fails in meeting the demand of building heating in practical application. The solid adsorption material has the excellent cycling stability and can be regenerated by solar energy collector, which is a potential heat storage material in building heating. The pure thermochemical reaction material has the highest energy storage density, but its cycling stability is inferior, which is still in the laboratory research stage. The composite material with the advantages of solid adsorption material and inorganic salt is expected to be ideal heat storage material in buildings. Finally, the future research directions of various materials are proposed to promote the further development of sorption heat storage technology.

In today's society, ultrafiltration, as a new type of membrane separation technology, has a wide range of applications and has achieved good results. This article first introduces the principle of ultrafiltration technology, the four major organic polymer membrane materials and the commonly used immersion precipitation method and solvent evaporation method in phase inversion membrane production, and then briefly describes the advantages of ultrafiltration membranes, the applications in the four major fields, and the three types of membranes. Major pollutants and mitigation measures, and summarize the research direction and future prospects of ultrafiltration membrane technology after many years. It is pointed out that ultrafiltration membranes have many advantages in water treatment and purification, food purification, and separation of Chinese medicine. Next, based on a wide-ranging summary of particulate matter, organic matter and microbial pollution, efficient treatment measures are selected through targeted pollution categories. And it can significantly improve the antibacterial and anti-pollution performance of the ultrafiltration membrane, thereby providing the possibility for the development and practical application of the ultrafiltration membrane. The focus of future research will be to prepare high-performance, low-cost, green ultrafiltration membranes, and to work together with other membrane separation technologies in production and life.

During the construction of road asphalt, the disorganized emission of asphalt smoke will lead to the decline of the surrounding air quality, and affect the health of the construction personnel and the surrounding residents. In order to reduce asphalt smoke pollution, there are two methods: process emission reduction and low-emission asphalt research.Process emission reduction is to reduce the viscosity of asphalt system by certain technical means, so as to reduce the mixing temperature of asphalt mixture, and reduce asphalt smoke emission. In this paper, the research on warm-mix asphalt technology is partially described. Extensive research on low emission asphalt, which is adding smoke inhibitor (flame retardant, adsorbent, polymer and some new materials, etc.) to fix the small molecules in asphalt flue gas by physical or chemical methods to reduce emissions, is reviewed in detail. However, the use of a single smoke suppressant will lead to the decline of some road performance, so the compound method can overcome this shortcoming. In this paper, the research progress of environmentally asphalt is summarized and prospected.

In recent years, technological innovation plays a more and more important role in the development of various industries. With the arrival of a new era of knowledge economy, patents have been recognized as an important scientific index to measure the ability of technological innovation. A large number of petroleum asphalt pavement in China is seriously damaged, and various unconventional problems have appeared one after another,in order to better understand the research status and trend of modified petroleum asphalt pavement, this review summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of domestic modified petroleum asphalt patent technology route around the patent achievements published in recent years and combined with literature reports. The results show that the modifier will be more environmentally friendly, and the effect of compound modification of various modifiers is good. On the basis of physical preparation and appropriate chemical stabilization method, it is necessary to obtain road modified petroleum asphalt with excellent performance. On this basis, the research emphasis and direction of modified petroleum asphalt are discussed, and the material will tend to emulsify high viscosity asphalt, The function will tend to compound and the construction machinery will be miniaturized in order to provide reference for the research and application of modified petroleum asphalt in China.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel class of crystalline porous material made by light elements via strong covalent bonds with periodic structure formed by the polymerization of organic building units. Large specific surface area, tunable porosity and easy chemical modification make COFs an ideal adsorbent material, and it can meet various design requirements. This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of radionuclides. The structural advantages are proposed out firstly. Information about the interaction mechanisms between several radionuclides and COFs materials are summarized. The adsorption properties of various COFs with representative radionuclides are evaluated, the mechanism of adsorption was summarized, the reasons for achieving high adsorption capacity and selectivity are also briefly summarized, and the renewability of COFs is also discussed. Finally, a summary and perspective of the development trend of COFs and COF-based materials used to adsorb radionuclides are proposed. As well as on the current limitations (the preparation of COFs, the improvement of its selectivity, the exploration of stability, in-depth adsorption mechanism research, industrial scale application, etc.), some suggestions into future research on designing and researching COFs with better adsorption performance.

Pervaportion (PV), as a novel separation technology, has been applied in the industrial scope. The most important thing is its significant advantages in the separation of azeotropic and near-azeotropic mixtures. Compared with traditional separation methods such as fractionation, distillation and extraction, pervaporation technology has the advantages of economy, high efficiency and easy management. However, at present, pervaporation membrane materials with high quality and advanced membrane preparation methods are lacking. Pervaporation technology in recent years are reviewed and the research status of pervaporation membrane, firstly introduces the separation mechanism of PV technology, PV membrane preparation methods, application of PV technology in the industrial field, etc., and focus on the material liquid temperature, slurry concentration, velocity of material liquid, steam pressure difference, upstream and downstream of membrane materials and other key factors affect the performance of pervaporation separation. It is suggested that the future pervaporation technology should actively explore the membrane material, choose polymer as the material, and combine with the advanced membrane preparation method to further reduce the thickness of the membrane so as to significantly increase the membrane permeation flux.

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the development and application of phase change materials (PCMs). It has been shown that nanoparticles and porous media can significantly improve the thermal conductivities and thermal stabilities of PCMs, and can prevent the leakage of PCMs during the processes of melting and solidification. In the present study, the selection of nano and porous composite phase change materials (CPCMs) in the field of building were introduced firstly, then the characterization and measurement of thermal physical properties of the CPCMs were studied. The thermal properties of mortar, gypsum board, concrete and brick mixed with CPCMs were investigated subsequently. The applications of the CPCMs in building systems were studied experimentally and numerically, and the cost and energy saving potential of the building systems with latent heat storage were analyzed. Finally, it indicated that the PCMs with different phase change temperatures and thermal conductivities should be chosen according to the regional climates and requirements. The addition of PCM wallboard can improve the thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption effectively. Subsequently, the main research directions have been pointed out, including the combination of PCM wallboard and active technology, the reduction of the recycling life of PCM wallboard, and the thermal performance PCM wallboard after long-term usage.

Potassium ions batteries(PIBs) have attracted great attention recently, due to the abundant resources, and the similar physicochemical properties of potassium to lithium and sodium. Prussian blue and its analogues(PBAs) has open-framework structure, which makes the intercalaltion/deintercalation of potassium ion with larger radius than lithium ions feasible. Actually, PBAs has been recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for PIBs. In this paper, we introduce the progress on the researches for PBAs as cathode of PIBs systematically, including in non-aqueous batteries and aqueous batteries. Furthermore, we also analyze the problems and challenges existed for the application of PBAs materials in PIBs and prospect the future of PBAs in potassium-ion batteries.

The negative charge group (sulfonic acid group) can modify the sulfonic exchange membrane together with PVDF, so that the film ensures other properties under the premise of improving stability. The PVDF anion exchange membrane was added with sodium polystyrene sulfonate. The effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on membrane properties, such as membrane resistance, ion exchange capacity, water content and selective permeability are discussed. The surface properties and structure of PVDF films were analyzed by infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that when the content of sodium polystyrene sulfonate increases, the membrane resistance decreases, the ion exchange capacity and water content increases, and the permeability of antiion selection increases. Although the addition of PVDF reduces the anion exchange film performance except stability, the infiltration modification of sodium polystyrene sulfonate compensates for this defect, which makes the sodium polystyrene sulfonate and PVDF composite modified stress ion exchange film useful.

polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has good chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical properties because of its fluorine-containing vinyl monomer. Compared with other polymer membrane materials, it is easier to improve the performance of ion exchange membrane. The effect of PVDF content on membrane properties, such as membrane resistance, ion exchange capacity, breaking resistance, moisture content and selective transmittance, was studied. Infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the surface properties and structure of PVDF film. As the content of PVDF increases, the membrane surface resistance increases, the ion exchange capacity and moisture content decrease, the breaking resistance increases, and the selective transmissivity decreases. While the addition of PVDF leads to the decrease of some membrane properties, the increase of breaking resistance indicates that the stability and mechanical properties of the membrane have been improved, and a certain amount of PVDF can improve the selective transmittance, which gives PVDF polyethylene film certain use value.

There are few reports on improving mechanical properties of composite hydrogel with two physical crosslinking agents compared with only one physical crosslinking agent. In order to study the effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene oxide (GO) as the multifunctional physical crosslinking agent on the mechanical properties of composite hydrogels, 50mg/mL CQDs moisture dispersions and 5mg/mL GO aqueous dispersions were prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal method and improved Hummer method respectively. CQDs and GO as multifunctional physical crosslinking agentssimultaneously, polyacrylamide composite hydrogel (PAM/CQDs/GO)was prepared by in situ radical polymerization at 45^oC.By using X-ray diffractometer, tensile machine and rheometer,the performance of hydrogels were tested. Among them, AC₅G₂ hydrogel possesses the best combination property. The elongation at break, tensile strength and Young's modulus of AC₅G₂ hydrogel are 3916.86%, 165.3kPa and 33.36kPa respectively. The result shows that GO and CQDs can be evenly distributed in the hydrogel, combining the advantages of both GO and CQDs, which can improve the mechanical properties of NC hydrogel, especially the elongation at break. Both proper amounts of CQDs and GO can improve the mechanical properties of PAM/CQDs/GO composite hydrogel. The addition of GO is more favorable to improve the tensile strength, Young's modulus and dissipated energyof the hydrogel, while the addition of CQDs is more beneficial to increase the elongation at break.In contrast to GO, the addition of CQDs can also increase the viscosity, decrease the rigidity and decrease the Young's modulus of the hydrogel when stretched again. By adjusting the concentration of CQDs and GO, PAM/CQDs/GO composite hydrogel with different mechanical properties can be prepared to meet the needs of different fields, and broaden the application of NC hydrogel.

Using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as coordination agent, the micro/nano Al and Al-Zr fibrous precursors were synthesized by a simple liquid synthesis method, and further calcined to make rod-like α-Al₂O₃ ceramic and Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ composite powders. The effects of mass ratio of DTPA to Al³⁺, reaction temperature and time on the morphology of ceramic powders were simultaneously studied. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that higher mass ratio of DTPA to Al³⁺ along with longer reaction time are favorable for the preparation of fibrous Al and Al-Zr complex precursors with high aspect ratio. The optimized conditions to prepare the nanofibrous α-Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ precursors are controlled the mass ratio with m(DTPA)∶m(Al³⁺)=1.2∶1 at 60℃ for 5.5h. Correspondingly, rod-shaped α-Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ composite ceramic powders can be prepared by calcining these precursors.

Effectively reducing CO₂ emissions to achieve carbon neutrality is one of the current research hotspots. Our recent research found that ZIF-8/glycol-2-methylimidazole slurry can not only capture CO₂ from gas mixtures efficiently, but also make use of the good flow of the slurry, a continuous separation process of carbon capture-slurry regeneration-slurry reuse could be realized. In order to understand the solubility of pure CO₂ gas in ZIF-8/glycol-2-methylimidazole slurry, in this work, first, the adsorption ability of CO₂ in the dry ZIF-8 material and the solubility of it in the 2-methylimidazole-glycol solution at 293.15K, 303.15K and 313.15K and different pressures were measured. Meanwhile, based on the Langmuir equation and CO₂ dissolution mechanism in 2-methylimidazole-glycol solution, the corresponding CO₂ adsorption capacity and solubility calculation mathematical models were established. Finally, considering the coexistence characteristic and mutual influence of glycol and ZIF-8 in ZIF-8/glycol-2-methylimidazole slurry, a mathematical correlation equation for calculating the sorption amount of CO₂ in the target slurry was proposed. The obtained research results have good theoretical guidance for the promotion of CO₂ capture technology by using the ZIF-8 slurry and subsequent process simulation.

Dry water is a powder material formed by encapsulating micro-water droplets by a coating layer of nano-level hydrophobic silica particles. The overall water content in the particles can be as high as 98%, and the internal water can pass through. High-temperature evaporation and external force squeeze released, which is a new type of special fire-fighting material with great potential. The core of dry water fire extinguishing agent is functional chemical fire extinguishing components. In this paper, a series of dry water fire extinguishing agents coated with functional chemical fire extinguishing components are designed and prepared, and the particle size distribution, fluidity and water retention of the agent are measured and characterized, Studied the effect of different functional chemical fire extinguishing components on the storage and transportation performance of dry water fire extinguishing agent. The results show that the different functional chemical fire extinguishing components can improve the fluidity and water retention of dry water material particles to a certain extent. Among them, ADP-DW has the best fluidity and NaCl-DW has the best water retention effect. The research is of great significance to the preparation, storage, transportation and use of dry water fire extinguishing agents.

The high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in fuel and flue gas and liquid droplets have serious corrosion and erosion effects on the combustion equipment in Claus process, which is easy to cause large-scale production safety accidents. The erosion of the droplet results in fine cracks on the wall surface of the metal heating surface, which is also the starting point of chemical corrosion. Coating can prevent chemical corrosion, this article through the establishment of mathematical model accurately describes the claus sulfur recovery process of droplet impact anti-corrosion coating process, using the discrete iteration method to solve the whole calculation domain, got hit in the process of internal anti-corrosion coating, coating and solid bonding surface and the stress distribution within the solid, confirmed the coating solution can solve the heating surface of metal droplet in the claus sulfur recovery process of erosion problems. At the same time, the effect of different thickness of coating on stress distribution was studied, and it was suggested that 20μm thickness of Si₃N₄ coating was an economical and efficient wall protection measure.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as high energy density, long cycle life and green cleaning. However, lithium dendrite occurs easily in lithium-ion batteries with conditional leaky and volatile liquid electrolyte, which will cause short circuit and further danger. Solid-state electrolyte is nonflammable because most of them are inorganic material such as glass, ceramics and so on. Furthermore, solid-state has high ion conductivity at room temperature, wide electrochemical window, and extensive applicable temperature range. Therefore, it is very significant to replace traditional liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolyte. Compared with other kinds of solid electrolytes, garnet oxide solid-state electrolyte Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) with high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window (>5V vs. Li/Li⁺), stability to lithium metal and thermostabilization is a very promising inorganic solid electrolyte. Sol-gel method and low temperature combustion method were used to prepare LLZO powder in this work. The ionic conductivity at 40℃ and activation energy of the electrolyte pellets prepared by two methods were 1.22×10^-5 S/cm, 0.34eV and 3.87×10^-6 S/cm, 0.32eV, respectively. The result shows that sol-gel is more likely to be selected to prepare LLZO powder.

Biomass oil derived from vegetable oil and animal fat is an important raw material of bio-lubricating oil. Compared with mineral oil, biomass oil has the advantages of low toxicity, high biodegradability, high lubricity and good viscosity-temperature, but it contains double bonds and glycerol groups, which leads to poor fluidity at low temperature and poor oxidation stability. Therefore, biomass oil should not be directly used as lubricating oil base oil. The modification of biomass oil by epoxidation increases the oxidation stability, strengthens the adsorption on the metal surface, and improves the lubricity. However, the simple epoxidation will also lead to poor viscosity-temperature properties and low-temperature fluidity of the oil. Therefore, it is necessary to further open-ring modification of epoxy biomass oil. Compared with selective hydrogenation, isomerization and other modification methods, epoxidation-ring opening method has mild reaction conditions and large space for molecular design. In this paper, the present situation and development trend of bio-base oils prepared from epoxy vegetable oil by ring-opening ether structuring and acylation were summarized. The research progress of synthetic lubricants made from epoxy vegetable oil and its derivatives, epoxy fatty acid methyl ester, organic alcohols, carboxylic acids and anhydride was emphasized. The influence of modified molecular structure on the properties of lubricating oils was analyzed. The existing problems in the research of synthetic biological lubricants were discussed, and it was considered that optimizing the modification process and developing green and efficient catalysts would be the future development direction.

The characteristics of wastewater containing phenolic compounds are difficult degradation, high toxicity, and environmental hazard. Therefore, the treatment of phenolic wastewater has been the big problems of revelant chemical enterprises. Dephenolization technology by liquid membrane has advantages of simple process, small footprint, energy-conserving, environment-friendly, high separation efficiency, and high selectivity. It is widely used in the field of treatment of phenolic wastewater. The dephenolization technology by emulsion liquid membrane is widely studied and it is used in treatment of phenolic wastewater at present. And its research focus is how to improve the stablity of emulsion liquid membrane and be easily demulsification. The dephenolization by supported liquid membrane is in research phase and its focus is how to improve the stablity of supported liquid membrane. The dephenolization technology by polymer inclusion membrane is in the early stage and its core is how to improve membrane flux of phenolic compounds. The system establishment of liquid membrane separation, dephenolization process of liquid membrane, research and application progress, existing problems, and methods of resolution were reviewed systematically. The development trend of dephenolization technologies of liquid membrane was also discussed.

Photocatalytic technology using sunlight to remove organic pollutants and harmful bacteria has always been considered as one of the most valuable technologies in water treatment. Because of its advantages of simple operation, no secondary pollution and clean energy, it has great application potential in the field of environmental purification, and has been widely studied in water and air purification in recent years. The basic mechanism of photocatalysis technology is introduced, and the factors affecting photocatalysis efficiency are analyzed. The methods to improve photocatalysis efficiency including surface photosensitization and ion doping modification are summarized. The research and application of photocatalysis technology in drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment in recent years are reviewed. The combination of photocatalysis technology with traditional technologies such as biological method and membrane method and its mechanism are explored, which is conducive to the further development of photocatalytic environmental remediation technology driven by visible light as clean and renewable energy. Focus on the development potential of photocatalytic technology in environmental protection, especially in the field of water treatment, and look forward to the future development direction of photocatalytic technology.

Gas hydrate extraction by CO₂ replacement and gas storage and transportation by gas hydrate method are the focus of research by scientists at present, and the stability of gas hydrate is very important for its long-term storage and long-distance transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the storage capacity of carbon dioxide hydrate and to seek the high efficient and stable storage conditions of hydrate. However, scientists have found that some accelerators can make hydrate stored for a long time under mild conditions. This paper analyzes the influence of the“self-protection”effect on the stability of carbon dioxide hydrate from the three mechanisms, temperature, pressure, particle size, accelerator and hydrate form, and proves that gas hydrate generally has good stability under the conditions of 260~270K and 0.1~0.4MPa. In addition, the same accelerators have different effects on the stability of hydrate above and below freezing point. Finally, the research direction of hydrate stability in the future is pointed out.

Solar powered electrocoagulation technology is a new water treatment technology, which combines the renewable and sustainable characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation and the advantages of electrocoagulation in wastewater treatment. Such as no need to add chemicals, less sludge production, easy operation of equipment and small land occupation. SPEC brings a more efficient, environmentally friendly and energy-saving water treatment method for areas rich in solar energy. The principle of electrocoagulation is expounded, and analyze the effects of anode material, electrode arrangement, current density, pH, initial conductivity and plate spacing on pollutant removal efficiency. Then the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars on the treatment of dye wastewater, phosphorus-containing wastewater, oily wastewater,diecentralized wastewater in remote areas and SPEC coupled with other technologies for wastewater treatment are emphatically discussed. In the end, the shortages and challenges of solar powered electrocoagulation technology are pointed out, and put forward prospect of the future research direction.

With the development of industry, various emerging organic pollutants continue to appear, as an emerging organic pollutant, 1,4-dioxane is widely distributed in surface water and groundwater with chlorinated hydrocarbons contaminated sites. Due to its stable heterocyclic structure and high solubility, it is difficult to completely remove 1,4-dioxane with conventional water treatment technology. Advanced oxidation technology utilizes strong oxidizing free radicals such as OH and \mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{?-} to effectively degrade 1,4-dioxane. This paper describes the current status of 1,4-dioxane pollution, and focuses on the introduction of advanced oxidation technologies for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane at home and abroad in recent years, including photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation and persulfate oxidation activation method, etc. Degradation mechanisms of these advanced oxidation technologies on 1,4-dioxane were deeply analyzed, and the degradation rates and its influencing factors for treating 1,4-dioxane were also summarized. Finally, the problems and development directions of advanced oxidation technologies for 1,4-dioxane pollution treatment were proposed, lay a theoretical foundation for the actual treatment of polluted water bodies.

Biochar is a kind of stable porous carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of various raw biomass. At present, biochar and its derived carbon-based materials, as functional materials, have not only realized the reasonable recycling utilization of waste to a certain extent, but also achieved both economic and environmental benefits which have attracted much attention from researchers. Herein, the types of raw biomass for biochar, and the formation mechanisms and surface properties of biochar with different components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) are reviewed. It focuses on the modification technology of biochar, including physical and chemical treatment, heteroatom doping, metal element doping, co-doping of multiple elements, and improvement of preparation process to increase the specific surface area, reactive sites, and functional groups and improve the pore structure and inorganic components, thereby improving its performance in repairing environmental pollution. Then the specific applications of biochar as an adsorbent or catalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater and its removal mechanism are proposed. Finally, it is pointed out that although biochar has the potential to remove all kinds of antibiotics from water, there are still some knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the optimization of the material itself and the application of engineering antibiotic wastewater.

Degradation characteristics of actual landfill leachate have been studied by Microbial electrolysis cell(MEC) coupled with carbon felt(A-MEC) and carbon brush(B-MEC),respectively. The results show that the applied voltage has a significant and positive effect on the pollutant removal rate of MEC system 48.23%±0.22% and 70.21%±1.12% of landfill leachate COD are removed by A-MEC and B-MEC, respectively, whereas 88.83%±1.19% and 84.55%±2.08% in the case of \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N. The highest current density obtained from the A-MEC and B-MEC was 11.12A/m³、12.52A/m³,Lower internal resistance is obtained for B-MEC compared to that of A-MEC system. However, both MEC systems are showing an obvious removal effect on turbidity and chroma, but the chroma removal rate of B-MEC is 47.83%±1.62% higher than that of A-MEC. The UV-vis spectra showed that the peak of the leachate treated with MEC was significantly lower than that of the initial leachate, indicating that the unsaturated bond was destroyed and the structural complexity was reduced. SEM indicated that the microorganism morphology of the carbon brush was more abundant than that of the carbon felt. The experimental results provide a new method for the efficient treatment of landfill leachate.

On-line monitoring of mercury emission characteristics from coal slime was carried out by a fixed bed temperature programmed mercury desorption test system, and pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of high sulfur coal slime were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer. Combined with the pyrolysis and combustion characteristic parameters obtained from the experiment, the kinetic analysis was carried out by using the distributed activation energy model. The results show that the pyrolysis and combustion process of coal slime can be divided into three stages. Under non-isothermal conditions, with the increase of heating rate, the pyrolysis process occurs in the high temperature region, and the maximum weight loss rate increases. The corresponding peak temperature shifts, resulting in thermal hysteresis, which is conducive to the precipitation of volatiles; The participation of a small amount of oxygen in the pyrolysis process of coal slime inhibits the precipitation of volatiles, and the comprehensive pyrolysis characteristic parameter D is the largest under the condition of 7% O₂. Pyrolysis performance improved with increasing CO₂ concentration; The combustion performance of coal slime is strengthened with the increase of heating rate, and the activation energy shows a 'U' trend distribution with the change of conversion rate; Inorganic mercury compounds in coal slime are mainly HgCl₂, α-HgS, HgSO₄ and silicoaluminate bound mercury, and the total mercury release ranges from 200°C to 600°C; The release of mercury in coal slime increased with the increase of O₂ concentration. Under CO₂ atmosphere, the total mercury release gradually increased with the increase of CO₂ concentration.

Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China. It has a history of more than 50 years since it was exploited in 1959. By 2020, the annual output of crude oil has stabilized to about 30 million tons. A large amount of oily sludge is produced during oil exploitation. Oily sludge is a kind of hazardous waste the needs to be treated with safe and clean disposal approaches. Pyrolysis technology can realize harmless reduction and efficient recovery of oil resources. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics of oil sludge from different sources in Daqing Oilfield are analyzed to provide theoretical basis for the selection of treatment techniques. Firstly, the pyrolysis characteristics and gas products releasing of oily sludge are evaluated by TG-FTIR-MS. Subsequently, the three-phase products distribution obtained from pyrolysis is conducted with a fixed bed pyrolysis furnace at the final temperature of 600℃. The oil and solid products are analyzed in detail by GCMS, XRD, and FTIR. Results demonstrate that the pyrolysis oil is mainly composed of medium and low chain alkanes, while olefins and alcohols are little. SiO₂ and CaCO₃ are the main components in the pyrolysis residue.

With the development of the electroplating industry, the pollution caused by electroplating wastewater discharge has been bothering us. Aiming to low pollution and recovery of high concentration copper-containing electroplating wastewater, a new process of single-membrane double-chamber membrane electrolysis was developed. In this experiment, the operation mode, recovery effect, and mechanism were studied, and the recovered products were characterized. An anion exchange membrane was placed between anode and cathode in an electrolytic cell. The effects of operating parameters such as initial Cu²⁺ concentration, current density, pH, plate spacing, temperature, and additives on copper's recovery rate and energy consumption were studied. Under the optimal conditions of Cu²⁺ initial concentration of 50g/L, cathode plate current density of 400A/m², the temperature of 30℃, plate spacing of 30mm, cathode chamber pH=6, adding 2g/L ammonium nitrate, the measured copper recovery can reach more than 95%, the current efficiency of more than 70%, and reaction energy consumption of 5300—5400kWh/t. At the same time, it is found that the copper recovered by electrolysis under the best technical conditions has small particles, uniform size, sharp angle, high purity and high economic value.

An on-site marine oil spillage monitoring probe is developed by combining oxygen consumption sensor with polypropylene non-woven (PP NWF). PP NWF is a hydrophobic/oleophilic material which can absorb emulsified oil quickly. To enhance the monitoring efficiency, the spilled emulsified oils were first enriched by PP NWF absorption, then detected by the change of the oxygen content in the porous space of PP NWF. With PP NWF, the probe has shown close to 8 times less Reliable Low Detection Limit (RLDL) in detecting emulsified n-hexane oil spillage. It is demonstrated that the monitoring probe can effectively detect various kinds of emulsified oils, including n-hexane, petroleum ether and toluene, emulsified by different surfactants, such as Tween-80 or Span-80. The impact of surfactants on the response time and sensitivity of the probe in monitoring different types of spilled oils were systematically studied. With the rapid response time and high noise-to-signal ratios, the probe may be used as a key component in marine oil spillage monitoring systems to provide early stage pollution warning.

The collaborative optimization of the supply chain of refining and chemical plant is crucial to the realization of intelligent refineries. The planning optimization system is the core system for the realization of collaborative optimization of the supply chain. This article introduces in detail the overall framework and main functions of the new generation of planning optimization software which independently developed by the PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute. On the basis of this platform, combined with the boundary conditions of the refining and chemical integration enterprise process data, crude oil database and product sales, the design and construction of the refining and chemical integration model are carried out. Based on the principle of linear programming, the model is used to carry out various optimization analyses. Through marginal benefit analysis and multi-scenario comparative analysis, combined with different crude oil purchase methods such as the crude oil cost-preservation method, cost reduction method, and equivalent substitution method, the crude oil purchase calculation and application analysis were carried out, and the integration of refining and chemical plant was carried out. Processing crude oil put forward relevant suggestions to guide enterprises to purchase crude oil.

If the waste water, waste gas, noise and solid waste produced in the process of natural gas exploitation are not properly controlled, it will have an impact and threat on the ecological environment. Carrying out the supervision of ecological environment protection is an important means to improve the enterprise's ecological environment management and promote the implementation of ecological environment protection measures. In this regard, this paper expounds the pollution producing links of natural gas drilling, gas production, gathering and transportation and purification. Combined with the elements of environmental protection management, it puts forward the supervision contents of ecological environment protection for natural gas mining enterprises, including the implementation of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization ideology, the implementation of pollutant discharge permit, the environmental impact assessment of construction projects and the "three simultaneous" compliance management, environmental risk management and control, and hidden trouble management. Clean production and greenhouse gas control, pollution control, environmental protection training and statistics, etc. According to the characteristics of natural gas exploitation industry, the supervision methods and suggestions of "check", "see", "ask", "listen", "perform", "test", "test" and "record" are summarized, and the supervision mode of ecological environment protection is proposed, which combines standardized supervision with intelligent and information supervision, and uses special supervision, daily supervision and multi-level supervision.