Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has attracted much attention in the field of new energy due to its advantages of high energy conversion rate,zero pollution and low temperature start-up, but its cost and durability are still a challenging issues in this field.This paper first reviews the achievements that researchers have made at home and abroad in recent years in lowering the cost and improving the durability of fuel cell.We introduce the development tendency of fuel cell in decreasing the platinum load and enhancing the power density and durability of the membrane electrode from three aspects: the technology of catalyst preparation, the membrane electrode structure optimization, the improvement of fuel cell durability.Constructing a platinum-based alloy catalyst, core-shell structure catalyst and nano structure catalyst can effectively reduce the platinum catalyst loads, thereby reducing fuel cell costs; forming a porous layer or a gas diffusion layer can improve the microstructure of the membrane electrode, so as to increase the power density of the battery. Developing a new proton exchange membrane and replacing the catalyst carrier can enhance the durability of the membrane electrode. Then, according to the current research progress, it is explained that improving the stability of membrane electrode is still a difficult problem, and the future research direction is prospected.

Key words: fuel cell, stability, catalyst, low platinum loading, high power density

摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池由于高能量转化率、零污染、低温启动等优点在新能源领域备受关注，但其成本和耐久性仍是本领域的挑战性课题。本文首先回顾了近年来国内外研究者在降低燃料电池成本和提高其耐久性方面取得的成就，从催化剂制备技术、膜电极结构优化、耐久性提升三个方面介绍了近年来国内外在降低膜电极铂载量、提高膜电极功率密度和耐久性方面的发展趋势，通过构筑铂基合金、核壳结构和纳米结构等催化剂能有效地降低铂载量，从而降低燃料电池成本；通过构筑多孔结构催化层或气体扩散层可以改善膜电极的微结构，从而提高电池的功率密度；通过开发新型质子交换膜、更换催化剂载体等方法可以提高膜电极的耐久性。最后，本文针对目前研究进展阐述提高膜电极稳定性仍然是目前的研究难题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 燃料电池, 稳定性, 催化剂, 低铂载量, 高功率密度