Abstract:

Biochar is a kind of stable porous carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of various raw biomass. At present, biochar and its derived carbon-based materials, as functional materials, have not only realized the reasonable recycling utilization of waste to a certain extent, but also achieved both economic and environmental benefits which have attracted much attention from researchers. Herein, the types of raw biomass for biochar, and the formation mechanisms and surface properties of biochar with different components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) are reviewed. It focuses on the modification technology of biochar, including physical and chemical treatment, heteroatom doping, metal element doping, co-doping of multiple elements, and improvement of preparation process to increase the specific surface area, reactive sites, and functional groups and improve the pore structure and inorganic components, thereby improving its performance in repairing environmental pollution. Then the specific applications of biochar as an adsorbent or catalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater and its removal mechanism are proposed. Finally, it is pointed out that although biochar has the potential to remove all kinds of antibiotics from water, there are still some knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the optimization of the material itself and the application of engineering antibiotic wastewater.

Key words: biochar, pyrolysis mechanism, biochar modification, adsorbent, catalyst, antibiotics

摘要：

生物炭是一种由生物质原料热解而成的稳定多孔碳材料。目前，生物炭及其碳基材料作为功能材料因其在一定程度上不仅实现了废弃物的合理资源化利用，而且兼具经济与环境效益而倍受研究者关注。本文综述了生物炭的生物质原料种类、生物炭在不同成分下（纤维素、半纤维素、木质素）的形成机制及表面特性；重点介绍了生物炭的改性技术，主要包括物理化学处理、杂原子掺杂、金属元素掺杂、多种元素共掺杂以及制备工艺的改良等，生物炭改性的目的是为了增加其比表面积、反应活性位点和官能团，改良孔隙结构和无机成分，从而提高它在修复环境污染的性能；然后综述了生物炭作为优良吸附剂或催化剂在用于抗生素废水的具体应用及其去除机理。最后指出生物炭虽被证明了具备去除水中各类抗生素的潜力，但在材料本身的优化以及工程抗生素废水应用中仍有一些需要填补的知识空白。

关键词: 生物炭, 热解机理, 生物炭改性, 吸附剂, 催化剂, 抗生素