With the continuous exploitation and utilization of fossil resources, the climate change resulting from the high emissions of CO₂ has garnered significant attention, necessitating the urgent search for viable solutions. Utilizing the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms and optimizing them through synthetic biology approaches offers an exceptional solution for the biomanufacturing of chemicals. Yeasts, as major chassis microorganisms used for synthetic biology, have been successfully applied in the biomanufacturing of various products. Modifying the natural carbon metabolic pathways in yeasts to achieve greater carbon conservation and constructing artificial pathways to convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon for carbon fixation represent effective strategies to further reduce the carbon emissions. This review summarizes the recent research progress in constructing carbon conservation and carbon fixation systems in yeasts using synthetic biology approaches, with a particular emphasis on the advancements achieved in yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Pichia pastoris. It encompasses strategies to minimize carbon loss by eliminating unnecessary decarboxylation reactions and to augment carbon conservation via the enhancement of natural carboxylation reactions, as well as the establishment of carbon fixation systems that recycle carbon dioxide and harness its metabolic utilization. Building on these achievements, the future prospects for biomanufacturing through the development of low-carbon yeast cell factories are outlined.

Based on the principle of directional transport on the gradient porous surface, a layer of axial triple-gradient micro-nano porous coating was prepared on the inner wall of a stainless-steel heat exchange tube by coupling sintering and electroplating. The flow boiling heat transfer experiment in the tube was carried out with R245fa as the working medium, and compared with a smooth tube. The two test tubes had the same inner diameters of 10mm and effective heat transfer lengths of 800mm. The saturation pressure was maintained at 0.6MPa, and the mass fluxes, inlet vapor qualities and heat fluxes were in ranges of 200—700kg/(m²·s), 0.01—0.9, and 5—75kW/m², respectively. Due to the directional transport and strong surface rewetting characteristics of the coating in the tube, the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in the tubes was significantly improved, and the maximum heat transfer coefficient was 1.71 times higher compared with the smooth tube. At the same time, by controlling and adjusting the working parameters of the experimental section, such as heat fluxes, inlet vapor mass qualities and mass fluxes, a series of laws of the change of heat transfer coefficient with the working parameters were obtained, and the changing trend of the boiling heat transfer efficiency under different working conditions was revealed.

Lignin, a renewable abundant natural aromatic compound, is recognized as the most prevalent aromatic polymer found in nature and serves as a promising sustainable feedstock for the production of high-value aromatic chemicals. Nevertheless, the inherent heterogeneity and intricate structure of lignin present considerable obstacles to its degradation and effective utilization. The presence of a diverse array of lignin-degrading enzymes in nature, each exhibiting a wide range of specificities, allows for enzyme-mediated biodegradation to overcome the limitations imposed by the recalcitrant structure of lignin, thereby enabling its degradation under mild conditions. Nonetheless, the expression, catalytic activity, and stability of natural lignin-degrading enzymes often fall short of expectations. Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in artificially regulating the synthesis and catalytic properties of lignin-degrading enzymes through heterologous expression and molecular modification. This paper begins with a succinct overview of the principal lignin-degrading enzymes and their catalytic characteristics. It subsequently emphasizes the advancements achieved in the heterologous overexpression of these enzymes and the enhancement of their catalytic efficiency, while thoroughly examining the existing theoretical and technological challenges and proposing targeted strategies to address these issues. Our aim is to provide a valuable reference for the development of more efficient lignin biodegradation systems and to contribute to the achievement of the "double carbon" objective.

Hydrocracking is an important process for directional conversion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in catalytic diesel into high value-added monocyclic aromatic compounds, which shows the features of simpler process, energy conservation and lower cost than thermal cracking process. This article reviews research progress on bifunctional catalysts for the hydrocracking reactions of PAHs to high-value chemicals (BTX, benzene, toluene and xylene). The effects of active metal components and acidic supports on the catalytic performance are discussed first. Transition metal sulfides, phosphides, carbides and nitrides catalysts exhibit high hydrogenation activity similar to noble metals. The combination of noble and transition metals or the use of transition bimetals not only exhibit superior hydrogenation activity and selectivity, but also saves the cost. The hierarchical silica-aluminum zeolites, modified mesoporous zeolites and the micro-mesoporous composites of acidic zeolites and silica are considered as the highly concerned support for hydrocracking catalysts as they possess acidic sites for the skeleton cracking of reactant molecules, and pore structure properties facilitating the diffusion and mass transfer. The effects of metal-acid equilibrium and synergism on product selectivity are also discussed, and the metal-acid sites at near nanoscale possess optimal bifunctional synergism. Finally, the influence of different catalyst loading methods on metal particle size, dispersion and catalyst structure and performance are explored. The highly dispersed metal nanoparticles are crucial to the preparation of efficient hydrocracking catalysts and the selectivity of target products.

Modification of graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄, CN) is an important means to improve its photocatalytic performance. S-doped carbon nitride (SCN) was prepared by thermal polymerization with thiourea as the precursor, and binary heterojunction composite photocatalysts CN-Ti and SCN-Ti were prepared with graphite phase carbon nitride, S-doped carbon nitride and TiO₂ as the main components. The morphology, structure, optical and electrochemical properties of the photocatalyst were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, specific surface area, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance and electrochemical test, and their photocatalytic performance were evaluated by degradation of NO. According to the free radical capture experiment, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was further studied. The results showed that the binary heterojunction composite photocatalyst SCN-Ti had better photocatalytic performance. When the mass ratio of SCN∶TiO₂ was 5∶5, the photocatalytic NO degradation rate was the highest, reaching 84.9% and 57.1% under ultraviolet light and visible light, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CN (61.7% and 44.2%, respectively), and after five cycles, it still had good photocatalytic activity. The improvement of photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the type Ⅱ heterojunction constructed by SCN and TiO₂, which promoted carrier separation and improved the generation efficiency of photogenerated electrons, holes and ·{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-} free radicals that degraded NO active substances. This study provided a reference for broadening the application of g-C₃N₄ in the field of photocatalysis.

Green hydrogen energy is expected to develop alongside renewable energy power systems in the future, which contributes to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. It can be widely used in fuel, chemical, steel, oil refining and other fields, and has potential application in all power fields. Since 2022, green hydrogen has shown strong demand for green methanol and green ammonia synthesis, and is expected to lead in industrialization in different hydrogen energy applications. However, whether green hydrogen energy is used to synthesize methanol or ammonia is not clearly understood at the technical and industrial levels. In this research, the technology and industry of green hydrogen conversion to green methanol and green ammonia were analyzed. The main contents of this paper included the introduction of green methanol and green ammonia synthesis/decomposition technology, qualitative description and quantitative analysis of the process and economy. This paper tryied to give a clear skeleton and hoped to provide reference for the development of green hydrogen in China.

The chemical industry is the pillar industry of China's national economy, and plays a key role in realizing the process of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality". As the demand for resources and the level of application of new materials improve, raw material substitution in the chemical industry has become an important driving force to promote green transformation and industrial upgrading. In response to safety hazards arising from the chemical raw materials substitution, the potential impact of raw materials reactivity differences of, health and environmental risks, equipment compatibility, and changes in processes on the safety of chemical processes was investigated in depth. The results showed that differences in chemical and heat transfer characteristics of different feedstocks may led to variations in reaction rates, temperatures, pressures, and types of by-products, which in turn increased the instability of the process. Changes in the toxicity and emission characteristics of alternative feedstocks may trigger new health and environmental risks with negative impacts on ecosystems and human safety. Corrosion and compatibility issues with new feedstocks could lead to an increased probability of equipment failure, or even failure to keep the new process running properly. Lack of adequate consideration of new risks arising from changes in processes could lead to safety incidents. This study provided theoretical support and technical guidance for the safety management of chemical raw material substitution processes, and laid the foundation for process optimization and risk control of future chemical raw material substitution processes.

Chlorinated titanium dioxide is an important inorganic raw material for chemical industry and energy storage, and its properties are controlled by multiple factors such as sintering heat treatment. Traditional experimental methods are difficult to accurately quantify and analyze the sintering process, and molecular dynamics simulations can accurately assess the dynamic evolution of sintering from the atomic scale, but the existing studies are relatively single-limit for the mechanistic interpretation of factors such as temperature, particle size and arrangement. A non-isotropic multi-particle model and effective characterization parameters such as sintering neck size, Lindemann index and apparent activation energy were introduced, and the effects of temperature, particle size and arrangement on the sintering behavior of TiO₂ nanoparticles were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation system. The results showed that increasing the temperature was conducive to stimulating intense atomic migration and diffusion and accelerating the densification process of the sintered body. When the temperature was the same, the sintering rate of TiO₂ nanoparticles with smaller particle size was faster, but it was easy to be absorbed and fused by the particles with larger particle size. In addition, the particle arrangement also affected the sintering behavior with the stacked arrangement having a more obvious sintering advantage than the linear arrangement. The initial stage of sintering was mainly through surface diffusion growth, while the later stage was through grain boundary diffusion densification. The results were of guiding significance for optimizing industrial sintering parameters and preparing high-performance nanomaterials.

Enhancing the sustainability of production processes under the leadership of the “carbon neutrality” initiative, there is a growing shift from fossil fuel-dependent methods to biomanufacturing practices that are both sustainable and environmentally friendly. Halophilic microorganisms, which flourish in high-salt environments, are emerging as key chassis in biomanufacturing due to their distinctive benefits. Notably, Halomonas bluephagenesis (H. bluephagenesis) stands out for its ability to synthesize a range of biodegradable bioplastics, specifically polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), through open and continuous fermentation processes. This microorganism’s capacity to convert low-cost substrates or waste materials into high-value products significantly bolsters the viability of sustainable biomanufacturing. Advancements in genetic engineering and metabolic pathway optimization, along with morphological engineering tailored for H. bluephagenesis, have led to substantial reductions in the production costs of a diverse array of polymers, small molecules, amino acids, and proteins. This paper further discusses the strategic utilization of cost-effective carbon sources, such as starch, cellulose, acetic acid, and food waste, as substrates for halophilic microorganisms to produce valuable compounds. Finally, it also examines the potential and prospective applications of H. bluephagenesis in harnessing one-carbon compounds for biomanufacturing, which is crucial for the development of next-generation industrial biotechnology and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that regulates gene expression by producing and responding to autoinducers, thereby controlling cell population density. In biological treatment processes, QS significantly influences the function and structure of microbial communities. This study reviewed the three main types of QS signal molecules: acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), autoinducing peptides (AIPs), and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and discussed their roles within the QS mechanism. Additionally, the article systematically summarized methods for enhancing and inhibiting QS, as well as the application of QS in the field of biological treatment, including activated sludge, biofilm processes, granular sludge processes, algae-bacteria symbiotic technology, and membrane bioreactors. Although QS has made certain progress in the application of biological treatment processes, the field still faces many challenges and unresolved issues. For example, the production of multiple signal molecules increases the complexity of understanding the QS mechanism; research on QS regulation in biological treatment is mostly still in the laboratory stage and has not been applied on a large scale in actual wastewater treatment. Therefore, in-depth study of the QS regulatory mechanism in biological treatment is of significant importance for developing new biological wastewater treatment strategies and improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Aiming at the accurate identification of horizontal oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern, a combined pulse-wave and continuous-wave ultrasonic sensing measurement method and a multi-domain feature extraction scheme were proposed. In this study, horizontal oil-gas-water three-phase flow dynamic experiments were firstly conducted, and a pulse-wave ultrasonic sensor with a single piezoelectric chip and a continuous-wave ultrasonic sensor with two piezoelectric chips were adopted to synchronously acquire the echo intensity data and Doppler frequency shift data during the flow process. By analyzing the signal responses to different flow patterns, the flow characteristics of different oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns were revealed. Then, the probability distribution of the radial position of the maximum value in the echo intensity profile, the time series of the average flow velocity and the decomposition of the Doppler frequency shift signal were calculated, and several features were extracted from them to quantify the distribution characteristics of phase interfaces in spatial domain and the fluctuation characteristics of the flow velocity in time and frequency domains. Using the extracted multi-domain feature vector, a classifier based on the random forest was finally constructed, and 8 types of horizontal oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns were accurately identified with a total identification accuracy of 96.6%. The proposed method provides a simple, efficient, low-cost, and non-invasive solution for the flow pattern identification of complex industrial multiphase flows, which has important scientific and engineering significance.

Ice accretion on the surface of outdoor facilities significantly affect their normal operation. Traditional deicing methods, such as heating, using chemical reagents and mechanical removal, are associated with problems of high energy consumption, environmental concerns and potential damage to equipment. Therefore, it is urgently to develop the green, economical and durable anti-icing strategies. Recently, building anti-icing coatings have become an important requirement for mitigating icing problems and a research hotpot in the anti-icing fields. Herein, this review provided a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge research progress of anti-icing coatings and the possibility of bio-based material substitution for anti-icing coatings. First, the main types of anti-icing coatings (including superhydrophobic, lubricating, photothermal, electrothermal and active anti-icing coatings) and their development progress were reviewed. Second, the research progress of self-healing anti-icing coatings was highlighted, and the significance of self-healing property for anti-icing coatings was discussed. Third, the anti-icing mechanism of antifreeze protein.

Ammonia, as a carbon-free, hydrogen-rich energy medium, possesses high energy density, enhanced safety, and favorable transport/storage properties. Driven by the dual-carbon target, the ammonia has broad development prospects and a vast future market. As the core infrastructure of ammonia industry, the stability and reliability of the ammonia equipment hold great importance. However, due to the complex operating environment, the ammonia equipment faces failure issues such as cracking and leakage, which may compromise the safety and efficiency of the entire production process. Based on this background, the failure types and characteristics of the main ammonia equipment are summarized, and the failure mechanisms are analyzed, including stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, high temperature corrosion and creep, and intergranular corrosion. Non-destructive testing, macroscopic observation, microscopic observation and mechanical performance analysis in the failure detection and analysis of ammonia equipment are reviewed. Furthermore, the current methods of risk assessment for ammonia equipment failures are outlined. Lastly, the future research directions for exploring the failure mechanism and safety assessment of ammonia equipment are prospected.

Resveratrol exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer properties, and the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Structural modifications of resveratrol, such as hydroxylation, glycosylation, and methylation, have led to derivatives with improved solubility, stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivities. At present, resveratrol and its derivatives are widely applied in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. Traditionally, resveratrol and its derivatives have been produced by plant extraction. However, this approach is constrained by challenges such as low yield, longer cultivation periods, and susceptibility to climatic variations. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology, production of resveratrol and its derivatives by microbial cell factories using simple carbon sources has garnered significant attention and made great progress. This review summarizes the recent advances in microbial synthesis of resveratrol and its derivatives, putting emphasis on the application of advanced metabolic engineering strategies for constructing microbial cell factories, including enhancement of precursor supply, and mining, screening and optimization of enzymes for heterologous synthetic pathways. These efforts aim to provide valuable insights for large-scale bioproduction of resveratrol and its derivatives and demonstrate the potential of metabolic engineering in enabling efficient microbial production.

The ternary system of tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol (MeOH), and ethanol (EtOH), characterized by one distillation boundary and two azeotropic points, presents significant challenges for conventional distillation separation. To overcome this limitation, the variation trend of the phase diagram and the movement direction of azeotropic point of the ternary system THF/MeOH/EtOH under different pressures were investigated. Based on thermodynamic topological theories such as distillation boundaries and residual curves, the feasibility of pressure-swing distillation separation of ternary azeotropic mixtures THF/MeOH/EtOH was analyzed. Furthermore, based on thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curves, component equilibrium lines, and distillation boundaries, process conceptual design was carried out for two pressure-swing distillation separation sequences. Through COM technology integration between Aspen Plus and Matlab, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was implemented to optimize both sequences, with economic and safety metrics serving as objective functions. The results indicated that thermodynamic topological theory analysis could quickly realize the conceptual design of pressure-swing distillation separation of ternary azeotropic mixtures. Compared to the EtOH-THF-MeOH separation sequence, the EtOH-MeOH-THF separation sequence exhibited strong advantages in terms of economic and safety performance.

Energy and chemical engineering is a crucial industry that transforms primary energy sources such as oil and coal into secondary energy and chemical products, supporting national economic development and strategic security. Currently, this sector is undergoing profound changes driven by the need for low-carbon, intelligent, and sustainable development. This review systematically summarizes the advancements and key technologies in the decarbonization of traditional energy and the practical application of low-carbon energy. In the context of traditional energy decarbonization, the development of efficient processes is promoted through precise characterization of energy molecules and modeling of conversion processes, alongside directional catalytic conversion technologies for the green transformation of fossil fuels. In addition, the progress and application of long-duration, large-scale energy storage technologies are explored to enhance the utilization of renewable energy and support the construction of low-carbon energy systems. The application of intelligent technologies in optimizing energy storage performance, exemplified by flow batteries, is also discussed. Furthermore, the development of new catalytic reaction mechanisms and process equipment based on electromagnetic energy supply and multi-physical field coupling technologies fosters a deep integration of decarbonization and intelligence in traditional energy. Ultimately, the review concludes by envisioning the future of "energy and chemical engineering+artificial intelligence," advocating for a collaborative approach to advance low-carbon and intelligent transformations across molecular, process, equipment, and system optimization levels and integrating Chain-of-Thought-driven reasoning-oriented large language models, aiming for a more efficient and greener energy system to address global climate change and resource scarcity challenges.

With the development of new energy in China and the approaching peak of oil demand, the oil industry is facing the problem of excess refining capacity. It is an effective way to reduce the excess capacity of oil refining, make up for the shortage of chemical raw materials and realize the high-value utilization of oil by separating oil from light hydrocarbons. This paper firstly introduced the importance of light hydrocarbons in chemical industry and the significance of light hydrocarbons separation, discussed the separation mechanism of light hydrocarbons, and specifically introduced the separation principle, including molecular sieve effect, kinetic effect, thermodynamic equilibrium effect and synergistic effect, and applicable materials. Then, according to the separation of different hydrocarbons, the research status of separation of various light hydrocarbons was discussed in detail, the separation effect of different materials was compared and the application range of different separation materials was summarized. Finally, the future research direction of light hydrocarbon separation was forecasted, which provided reference for the future development of light hydrocarbon separation technology and separation materials with better separation effect and lower cost.

The catalytic valorization of plastics is crucial for addressing the global plastic pollution crisis, yet large-scale commercial applications face several challenges. This paper focused on recent advancements in overcoming the challenges of plastic catalytic valorization, specifically addressing the two most significant issues in the chemical upgrading of plastic recycling, i.e., low conversion efficiency and high energy consumption. Furthermore, we explored methods for enhancing the efficient utilization of plastic waste by improving the carbon utilization efficiency in traditional catalytic systems. The paper also reviewed the progress of novel reaction systems for plastic valorization under mild experimental conditions. Through a systematic discussion of catalysts, reaction processes and other aspects in both traditional and emerging plastic catalytic conversion methods, this review proposed the use of external field intensification techniques such as microwaves and plasma or other renewable energy sources to overcome the limitations of conventional heat transfer methods based on convection and thermal radiation. By leveraging the synergistic effects of different energy forms, this approach provided new perspectives for future research aimed at promoting the sustainable recycling and valorization of plastic waste.

The microbial fermentation of one-carbon (C₁) gases to produce biofuels and chemicals represents a key pathway for carbon resource capture, utilization, and green biomanufacturing. One-carbon feedstocks, such as CO, CO₂, methane, methanol, and formic acid, are characterized by their single-carbon atom composition. These resources are abundant, low-cost, and hold potential as alternative feedstocks for biomanufacturing. Additionally, their bioconversion contributes to mitigating the greenhouse effect and supports the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. This article reviews recent progress in microbial refining of CO₂ to produce essential organic acids and alcohols, elaborates on the biological metabolic pathways of CO₂ and product synthesis, discusses the genetic engineering of microorganisms in C₁ biorefining, and envisions future pathways for green biomanufacturing.

Oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal pipelines exhibits complex and diverse dynamics, with intricate fluid structures and uncertain mechanisms of flow regime transitions. To facilitate the visualization of the oil-water two-phase flow process, a multiphase flow ultrasonic testing simulation platform was established to study the complex interfacial effects and relative motion between phases. Utilizing finite volume method (FVM) based three-dimensional fluid simulation software, a dynamic flow model for oil-water mixed inputs was developed. By extracting the coordinates of the multiphase interface cross-section, a two-dimensional geometric partition model of the test field was constructed using finite element method (FEM) within a multiphysics coupled simulation software, establishing a coupled FVM-FEM visualization simulation platform for multiphase flow. The mechanisms of interaction between oil-water two-phase flow and ultrasound were investigated under ultrasonic excitation. The research findings indicated that in the dynamic water-in-oil and oil-in-water flow regimes within the horizontal pipeline, the number of discrete phases increased within a certain range, but decreased due to coalescence, with the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient positively correlating with the number of discrete oil or water droplets. An in-depth exploration of the transition process from water-in-oil to oil-in-water reverse regimes was conducted, where both phases existed in a non-discrete form and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient increased with the number of layers.

As green and sustainable low-carbon feedstocks without competition with people for food, methanol and other C₁ compounds have great potential for advancement of biomanufacturing. Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris),as an industrial strain capable of naturally utilizing methanol, has a long history of research and has been widely employed in the biomanufacturing of various recombinant proteins. It has become an excellent chassis cell factory for methanol utilization. In recent years, there has been progress in understanding the microbial physiology, methanol metabolism networks, protein secretion expression pathways, and the identification of key components in P. pastoris. However, several critical challenges remain that limit its efficient application, such as limited understanding of the complex mechanisms of cell toxicity caused by methanol and its metabolites, insufficient capacity to explore “biological dark matters” related to cell robustness and methanol utilization, and restricted engineering approaches for efficiently converting methanol into target proteins. This review summarizes the research progress on the bioconversion of methanol into recombinant proteins by P. pastoris, with the emphasis on discussing how to optimize the methanol conversion and protein expression in P. pastoris cell factory. Finally, we address the challenges encountered in the recombinant protein production from methanol in P. pastoris and provide an outlook on its future biotechnology innovation and potential application.

In this study, microchannel heat exchangers were designed using the Gyroid structure, a type of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of these heat exchangers were analyzed using numerical simulation. The Gyroid structure's mathematical representation and its unique features were discussed in detail. Simulations were conducted on heat exchanger components filled with Gyroid structures of different sizes, and the results were compared and analyzed to develop empirical correlations for heat transfer and fluid flow. To minimize pressure drop, a new design involving anisotropic Gyroid structures was proposed and its effects on heat transfer and fluid flow were investigated. The findings suggested that smaller Gyroid structures enhanced heat transfer but also increased pressure drop. The study identified empirical correlations specifically suited for the Gyroid structure, providing a foundation for designing TPMS-based heat exchangers. In the case of anisotropic Gyroid cells, expanding the size in the direction of fluid flow could improve the overall performance of heat transfer and fluid flow, but it would reduce heat transfer efficiency. Reducing the size perpendicular to the flow hardly affected the overall performance, but it could simultaneously reduce the volume and the pressure drop per unit length, and increase the heat transfer amount per unit volume. It was essential to balance these factors based on the specific design needs.

Methanol is a crucial hydrogen energy transporter, and producing hydrogen through methanol decomposition provides a practical solution to the challenges associated with transporting and storing hydrogen. Industrial methanol decomposition typically employs copper-based catalysts, which are usually synthesized through neutralization precipitation and calcination to yield the desired metal oxides. However, traditional single-step calcination often leads to the aggregation of copper species and an increase in crystallite size, which limits catalytic activity and reduces the accessibility of active sites. This study investigated the phase composition of the zincian malachite precursor for copper-based catalysts. By separating the precursor calcination into dehydroxylation and decarbonation phases, a novel stepwise calcination technique was developed that effectively prevents excessive thermal degradation, which can result in the sintering of active particles. The catalyst derived from stepwise calcination exhibits enhanced structural properties compared to conventional single-step calcined catalysts: the size of the CuO crystallites decreases from 9.0nm to 6.3nm, and the most probable pore diameter decreases from 36.5nm to 8.1nm, along with more ordered pore channel structures. Consequently, the stepwise calcination catalyst has a lower initiation temperature for methanol decomposition than conventional catalysts, leading to significantly improved methanol conversion efficiency and hydrogen selectivity.

To realize online morphology information measurement of HMX molding powders, the particle imaging probe and acquisition system were developed. Experimental studies were conducted to capture the images of suspended particles of molding powders. Using Mask RCNN as framework, an image processing method based on improved Swin Transformer was proposed, and the CA-Swin Transformer structure was proposed by connecting channel attention module (CAM) and the window-based multi-head self-attention (W-MSA) in parallel, which was utilized to reasonably allocate the attention degree of image channels. The particle recognition network (PRNet) was further established by combining the proposed feature enhancement module (FEM) with CA-Swin Transformer, effectively improving the recognition accuracy of particle images. The PRNet was trained and tested with the labeled image dataset of HMX molding powders. The obtained results showed that the AP, AP₅₀ and AP₇₅ of PRNet reached 62.3%, 84.4% and 72.5%, respectively. The relative errors of recognized feature particle sizes D₁₀, D₅₀, D₉₀ and D_max relative to manual labeling were -4.788%, -0.770%, -0.272% and 0.313%, respectively, outperforming baseline network Mask RCNN and its variant with the Swin Transformer backbone. Moreover, PRNet exhibited a better recovery ability for the occluding part of overlapping particles. The absolute relative errors of circularity, Feret diameter and aspect ratio of overlapping particles relative to manual labeling were less than 8%, 4% and 5%, respectively.

Polyolefin plastic products have attracted much attention due to their good chemical stability in the structure of the hydrocarbon chain and are difficult to degrade naturally. Catalytic pyrolysis technology is considered a green method for recycling waste plastics. Different from the low efficiency and low yield of conventional pyrolysis technologies, microwave catalytic pyrolysis can significantly improve microwave conversion efficiency and improve the yield and quality of high-value chemicals due to its fast heating rate, uniform heating and high energy conversion rate. Based on the application of conventional and microwave catalytic pyrolysis, this paper systematically explained the effect of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, etc.) supported catalysts on gas-liquid solid three-phase products produced by conventional catalytic pyrolysis polyethylene, as well as the selectivity differences between iron-based composite metal catalysts and molecular sieve catalysts on hydrogen, carbon nanotubes and aromatic oils produced by microwave catalytic pyrolysis polyethylene, sorted out the product distribution rules of conventional and microwave catalytic pyrolysis waste plastics, compared the selectivity of iron-based composite catalysts on conventional and microwave catalytic pyrolysis products, and explored the reaction mechanism and development trend of conventional and microwave catalytic pyrolysis waste plastics. In response to the performance of microwave catalytic pyrolysis waste plastic catalyst, it was proposed to develop catalysts with good wave absorption performance and catalytic capabilities to improve microwave utilization and catalytic activity, and further to improve the quality of high-value-added products of microwave catalytic waste plastics. Finally, the controllability and purity of microwave pyrolysis waste plastic products were expected.

Hydrogen energy, recognized as a clean and pollution-free alternative energy source, has attracted significant attention globally. However, hydrogen storage technology remains a critical bottleneck hindering its widespread adoption. Among various approaches, the methylcyclohexane-toluene-hydrogen (MTH) system has emerged as a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology due to its safety and cost-effectiveness, making it well-suited for large-scale applications. Despite its advantages, the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH)— a pivotal step in the MTH system, presents considerable challenges, including stringent reaction conditions and high energy demands. To address these issues, understanding the reaction mechanism, developing high-performance catalysts, and optimizing the reaction process have become focal areas of research. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the kinetics, catalyst design, and process intensification of methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation. It emphasizes progress in the development of precious metal Pt-based and non-precious metal Ni-based catalysts, with particular attention to performance enhancement strategies such as carrier modulation, innovative preparation methods, and additive incorporation. Moreover, it examines process intensification efforts through reactor design and the optimization of operating conditions. By synthesizing these insights, this review offers theoretical guidance and technical support for advancing the MTH system. It also outlines future research directions, aiming to facilitate breakthroughs in hydrogen storage technologies.

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) technology is a promising solution for hydrogen storage and transportation. Methylcyclohexane can be used as an excellent hydrogen storage carrier because of its high hydrogen storage density and stable chemical properties under storage and transportation. Hydrogen storage and release can be effectively realized through the reversible hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reaction of methylcyclohexane-toluene-hydrogen (MTH) system. At present, the toluene hydrogenation technology is relatively mature, but the activity and stability of catalysts in the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation technology still cannot meet the needs of industrial applications. This study analyzes the current research status of catalytic systems for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation at home and abroad, introduces the research progress of noble metal catalysts and non-precious metal catalysts in terms of the selection of active components and supports, preparation methods, and dehydrogenation performance, and looks forward to the future direction of dehydrogenation catalysts. The development of dehydrogenation catalysts with good catalytic activity, selectivity and stability is the key to the application of MTH systems to hydrogen storage technology.

Adiponitrile, as one of the main raw materials for producing polyamide (nylon 66), has been long monopolized by foreign companies. In recent years, the research on the high efficiency production methods of adiponitrile has gradually become a hot topic because the increasing demand of nylon 66 helped bring about the growing gap between adiponitrile supply and demand. The basic research, process characteristics and development direction of the preparation methods for adiponitrile were introduced in the article, such as butadiene method, acrylonitrile electrolytic dimerization method and adipic acid ammoniation method. In addition, the application feasibility of process intensification technology in acrylonitrile electrolytic dimerization method and adipic acid ammoniation method were discussed in depth from the view of reaction mechanism in the review. Finally, the kinetics and thermodynamics of adipic acid ammoniation were summarized. The application of the process intensification technology would be the key to promoting efficient and green production of adiponitrile, which was of great significance for the improvement and autonomy of adiponitrile production technology.

With the continuous development of manned spaceflight, new requirements such as high speed and long endurance of near-space vehicles continue to emerge. How to accurately simulate the influence of thermochemical non-equilibrium aerodynamic heating on thermal protection system during spacecraft reentry has been a frontier problem of aerospace reentry aerodynamics. According to the macroscopic surface catalytic reaction theory, a finite rate surface catalytic reaction model was constructed on the basis of DSMC. Considering the coupling effect of five-component gas mixture reaction and surface catalytic reaction, the influence of surface catalytic reaction on the surface pressure/heat flow distribution of reentry spacecraft was analyzed by a typical example. The surface heat flux increased by nearly 30% compared with that without considering the surface catalytic reaction. The addition of this model provides a new method for the difficult characterization of thermochemical non-equilibrium surface effects to further improve the hypersonic aerodynamic heating prediction ability of aircraft under reentry environment and support the development of thermal protection design of aircraft towards high thermal load and lightweight.

Driven by global carbon neutrality initiatives and the development of circular economy, bio-based materials are gradually emerging as significant alternatives to petroleum-based counterparts. Among these, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), with its rigid aromatic ring structure and exceptional physicochemical properties, is recognized as the most promising bio-based substitute for terephthalic acid, demonstrating broad application prospects in sustainable polymer materials. This review systematically analyzes mainstream FDCA production processes (including HMF, MMF/RMF, glucaric acid, and furfural/furoic acid routes), compares their economic viability and environmental benefits, and identifies the HMF pathway as the most industrially feasible approach currently available. However, key challenges persist, including poor stability of intermediate HMF, high energy consumption in separation processes, and limitations in catalytic system selectivity. By systematically organizing the technological routes, key steps, and industrialization processes of FDCA production through chemical methods, this study aims to provide theoretical references and technical support for promoting the efficient development and industrial upgrading of the FDCA sector. In the future, by focusing on high-value-added markets, developing novel HMF derivatization processes, advancing integrated chain production, and coordinating policies with industrial chain synergies, there is potential to overcome cost constraints and accelerate the industrialization process of FDCA.

The venting system is an important component of the supercritical CO₂ long-distance pipeline, but there has been little research on the impact of venting point location on the venting characteristics of CO₂ pipelines. The determination of venting points is very important for the venting system and the design of multi-segment planned venting schemes. Based on the venting calculation model established by the OLGA software, a simulation study was conducted on the multi-segment multi-point venting of a supercritical CO₂ long-distance pipeline planned in Xinjiang. The results showed that the downstream pressure drop rate of the venting far-end point can indirectly reflect the overall venting rate of the pipeline. The venting scheme with intermediate valve chambers for multiple segments, the fluid at the venting point of the intermediate valve chamber came from both upstream and downstream sections of the pipeline, and the pressure and temperature at this point can be supplemented by high-temperature and high-pressure fluid from both directions, so the pressure drop and temperature drop rate at this point was slower than that of the end-point venting point. As the number of venting points increased in the multi-pipe venting, the pressure drop and temperature drop rate at the same venting point gradually increased. The temperature at the lowest point of the pipeline in the dual-pipe single-point venting scheme dropped to -20℃ in 0.51h, the total venting time was 4.29h, and it had the advantages of short venting time and slow temperature and pressure drop at the venting point. Therefore, when implementing multi-pipe venting for supercritical CO₂ long-distance pipelines, it was recommended to prioritize the dual-pipe single-point venting scheme, also known as the intermediate valve chamber venting scheme, to achieve rapid release of CO₂ while ensuring temperature control. The study determined the principles for determining venting points in multi-segment venting operations of supercritical CO₂ long-distance pipelines, which can provide reference for venting system design and planned venting scheme design.

The conversion and upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules are essential for achieving high-value utilization of biomass. This review firstly introduces the constituents of biomass and various pretreatment technologies, and further elaborates on the research progress of biomass catalytic conversion, especially the applications and advantages of homogeneous catalytic and heterogeneous catalytic conversion systems as well as different solvent catalytic conversion systems, covering their contributions to the improvement of conversion and selectivity of the target products. Secondly, the properties, generation pathways, and current research progress of several typical biomass-derived platform molecules are summarized, and their potential applications in high-value-added products such as fuels and chemicals are briefly assessed. Finally, by summarizing the current research status, it points out several challenges in the conversion of biomass-derived platform molecules, such as the unclear catalytic reaction mechanism, the need to improve the selectivity and stability of the catalysts, as well as the high cost of the catalysts. And a brief look at its future direction is given.

Green Hydrogen-Ammonia cycle refers to a promising chain for energy storage and transportation through the mutual conversion of hydrogen-ammonia. This cycle primarily includes Green Hydrogen to Ammonia (H2A) and Green Ammonia to Hydrogen (A2H). It aims to address the high energy consumption and excessive carbon dioxide emissions associated with the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis, while also tackling the challenges of hydrogen storage and transportation at high pressure within the hydrogen supply chain. Moreover, this cycle plays a vital role in connecting renewables, hydrogen, ammonia, and traditional industries such as iron and steel industry, promoting the efficient use of renewable resources. In the H2A phase, current research focuses on exploring new technologies, including catalysts, to synthesize ammonia under ambient conditions towards achieving industrial-scale production as an alternative to the Haber-Bosch method. However, challenges such as long-term stability still need to be addressed. To ensure the effective operation of the green cycle, the A2H must be efficient to split ammonia back into hydrogen for both direct and indirect uses, such as generating renewable electricity. A comprehensive understanding of ammonia synthesis and decomposition reactions is essential for a deeper insight into the Hydrogen-Ammonia cycle, as the H2A and A2H processes are reversible. In this review, we first explain the Hydrogen-Ammonia green cycle and then highlight the latest advancements in research on H2A and A2H driven by renewable energy under ambient conditions. Additionally, we endeavor to provide forward-looking insights into the future of the green Hydrogen-Ammonia cycle.

In order to reduce the potential risks in the recrystallization refining process of energetic materials in actual production, a new technology combining confined crystallization and microencapsulation was proposed. Constructing the confined structure of Pickering emulsion in cyclohexane/acetonitrile anhydrous system with SiO₂ as emulsifier, the optimal emulsion ratio to adjust the particle size of emulsion droplets was obtained. The rotational speed of the centrifugal atomizer was adjusted to maintain the confined structure of the droplets, the drying temperature was determined by the solvent volatilization rate curve, and microcapsules with different polyethylene wax content were prepared. The process mechanism was proposed according to the experimental results of low temperature drying. The best parameters of the emulsion were as follows: the content of SiO₂ was 0.5g/120mL cyclohexane, and the volume ratio of cyclohexane and acetonitrile was 6∶1. The optimum conditions for the formation of microcapsules were as follows: the drying temperature was 135℃, the feed rate was 4mL/min, the centrifugal atomizer speed was 12000r/min, and the polyethylene wax content was 5% (mass fraction). The characterization data of FTIR and ¹H NMR verified the existence of the o-chlorobenzoic acid, which was the substitute materials of energetic materials in the microcapsule, and the amount of encapsuled core material was up to 84% (mass fraction). The results showed that the polyethylene wax/SiO₂ shell was first molded to isolate the recrystallization process from the surrounding environment, reduce the potential risk in this process, and limit the crystal growth with confined space to obtain sub micrometer scale core material, completing the coupling of recrystallization and coating process.

To overcome the "trade-off" between the solvent permeability and solute separation selectivity of traditional thin film polyamide composite (TFC-PA) nano filtration (NF) membrane, the interface polymerization (IP) was regulated by dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and strong base (NaOH) in the aqueous phase. Presence of SDS could reduce interface tension, enrich PIP monomer through electrostatic interaction, protect poly(acyl chloride) monomer from hydrolysis and accelerate the uniform diffusion of PIP molecules across interfaces, leading to improved reaction speed and uniformity in the interface polymerization, while NaOH further accelerated the interface polymerization by absorbing the produced acid to keep the activity of SDS as surfactant and also de-protonating PIP monomer for faster reaction. This synergistic enhancement effect enabled the PA layer of generated composite membrane MPA-SDS-NaOH with aqueous phase containing 0.35%SDS and 0.3%NaOH to have narrowed pore size, increased crosslinking degree from 44.8% to 88.4%, decreased thickness from 125nm to 42nm, leading to increased water permeance from 6.04L/(m²·h·bar) to 19.20L/(m²·h·bar), and increased separation selectivity of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ from 29.4 to 152.6. This cooperative compensatory regulation strategy of SDS and NaOH may provide new avenues for preparing highly permeable and selective TFC-PA NF membranes.

The decrease of environmental pH will affect the biochemical performance of sulfate reduction system, thus enhancing the tolerance of the system under acid stress condition has received extensive attention. In this study, an efficient sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) community was constructed. Using the pure culture system inoculated with Desulfovibrio as the control group, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH condition on the microbial growth and sulfate reduction performance of the systems, and to elucidate the physiological responses of the system microorganisms to acid stress. The results showed that the growth of bacteria and sulfate reduction reaction in the pure culture system were significantly inhibited by the decrease of pH. When the pH dropped to 5.0, the bacterial survival rate of the system was less than 10%, and the system lost its sulfate reduction function essentially. In contrast, the microorganisms in the SRBs system could improve the system resistance to acid stress through increasing the activity of ATP hydrolysis enzyme (H⁺-ATPase), producing stress proteins, adjusting the composition and distribution of fatty acids in the cell membrane, etc. After a 7d growth adaptation period, the SRBs system achieved sulfate reduction attaining a SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}-} removal rate of 30.90% and showed certain advantages in acid resistance. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the response of the microbial community in the SRBs system to pH changes. It was found that acid stress had no significant effects on the α diversity of the microbial community in the SRBs system (p>0.05), but it altered the composition of the microbial community structure. The relative abundances of Bacillus and Clostridium increased significantly (26.26% and 5.14%, respectively), becoming the dominant bacterial genera. The research results revealed the adaptive regulatory mechanism of the SRBs system in weak acid environments, thereby providing a theoretical reference for the stable operation of biochemical systems under low pH conditions.

Hydrogen-induced damage or hydrogen embrittlement is one of the major challenges faced by structural materials used in hydrogen energy applications. This paper reviews the latest research progress and challenges on the behavior and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen-induced damage, testing and characterization techniques, as well as the hydrogen-tolerant materials design approaches. Although significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding hydrogen-induced damage mechanisms using developed characterization techniques, the inherent complexity of this phenomenon continues to pose numerous challenges for reliability assessment of structural components and the associated engineering applications. In the future, it is still necessary to unravel the nature of hydrogen-induced damage with different boundary conditions, in order to scientifically assess the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of components throughout their entire lifecycle as well as to push engineering applications for hydrogen-tolerant design. These efforts will provide technical support for the safe development of the hydrogen energy industry.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient structural compactness, the composite ionic solution of zinc lactate and calcium chloride was used to perform binary ionic cross-linking reaction on sodium alginate-based capsules to prepare HPMC-based enteric hard capsules with good compactness and excellent mechanical properties. Structural characterization and performance testing of the capsule membranes were conducted using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and mechanical property tests. The influence of the Zn²⁺-Ca²⁺ molar ratio in the composite ionic solution on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the HPMC-based enteric hard capsules was investigated. The study demonstrated that adding a certain amount of zinc lactate enhanced the structural density of the capsules. However, when the Zn²⁺-Ca²⁺ molar ratio exceeded 1∶4, an increase in the proportion of Zn²⁺ led to a decrease in the total content of zinc and calcium in the capsule membranes, along with an increase in the remaining sodium content. This resulted in a reduced cross-linking rate and cross-linking degree between sodium alginate and the ions, ultimately lowering the tensile strength and affecting the capsule’s forming characteristics. Through structural characterization and physicochemical performance evaluation, it was determined that the optimal ratio for the capsule cross-linking reaction was n(Zn²⁺)∶n(Ca²⁺)=1∶4. At this ratio, the capsules exhibited superior mechanical properties and density, with a tensile strength of 50.12MPa, a fracture elongation of 2.0%, a water vapor permeability of 2.75×10⁻¹¹g/(m·s·Pa), a capsule formation rate of 94%, a pass rate of 96% for tightness, and a pass rate of 96% for brittleness. Finally, the HPMC enteric hollow capsule products obtained at the optimal cross-linking ratio demonstrated good appearance quality, with all indicators meeting the standards outlined in the “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China”(2020 edition) and relevant industry standards.

As petroleum resources gradually deplete and the ecological environment deteriorates, the use of renewable energy technologies to convert widely available lignocellulosic biomass resources on earth, as alternatives to food crops, into usable cellulosic ethanol fuel has become an important part of many countries’ energy development strategies and a focal point of scientific research. However, as a green renewable energy source, while cellulosic ethanol is demonstrated significant potential in addressing existing issues, its biorefining process also faces numerous difficulties and challenges. Starting with an introduction to the development of fuel ethanol in China, this paper focuses on the current research status of cellulosic ethanol. It introduces the process flow and characteristics of cellulosic ethanol biorefining from five aspects: raw material pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, fermentation of cellulosic ethanol, ethanol separation and purification, and utilization of lignin as a by-product. The paper also analyzes the main technical bottlenecks in cellulosic ethanol production and provides an outlook on future research priorities and development prospects.

Pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies for the disposal of waste plastics. However, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the mixed waste plastics is regarded as the bottleneck in the resource utilization of waste plastics for it can lead to serious excessive of chlorine in the product and equipment corrosion during pyrolysis. This paper first introduced the hazards of PVC in disposal, and comprehensively compared the advantages and disadvantages of the current PVC dechlorination technologies. Subsequently, the mechanism of PVC hydrothermal treatment for dechlorination and the process intensification of dechlorination by exogenous additives are revealed. Also, the reactors and scale-up strategies for PVC hydrothermal treatment are summarized, following by the introduction of application of products obtained by PVC hydrothermal. Finally, the existing problems in PVC hydrothermal dechlorination technology are pointed out, and the solutions and prospects are proposed, by which a guidance for the development of a harmless, resourceful and high-value utilization technologies of chlorine-containing mixed waste plastics can be obtained.

To enhance the mixing performance of the impinging stream reactor, a novel self-excited oscillating impinging jet reactor was designed, and the flow characteristics and mixing performance within this reactor were numerically simulated. The shear stress transport k-‍ω (SST) turbulence model was adopted to simulate the fluid flow pattern within the nozzle and the flow pattern distribution within the impinging stream reactor. The influences of the Reynolds number on the oscillation frequency of the jet and the mixing performance of the reactor were investigated. The research results showed that the oscillation of the jet at the nozzle outlet was controlled by the repetitive growth process of the circulation bubble within the nozzle cavity, and the flow field distribution within the reactor was affected by the deflection angles of the two jets. The oscillation frequency of the jet increased with the increase of the Reynolds number. High-frequency oscillation accelerated the shear and radial movement velocities of the two fluids. When the Reynolds number was 30000 and the mixing time was 50s, the mixing intensity at the outlet reached 0.962. The smaller the difference in the deflection angles of the two jets on both sides of the impinging stream reactor, the faster the mixing speed. The research results enrich the theoretical understanding of the fluid oscillation characteristics of the impinging stream reactor and provide theoretical references for the development of new reactors.

Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) is one of the fundamental chemical reactions in nature, and accurate prediction of its reactivity and selectivity is essential for the rational design of related chemical reactions. One important approach is to study the reactivity and selectivity by predicting the activation energy barrier of the reaction. This paper reviews the current research progress in predicting the activation energy barriers from the perspectives of both empirical models and machine learning models. Empirical models are based on experimental data and chemical laws of known reactions and are fitted using empirical formulas (e.g., linear equations), which have good interpretability, but have some limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy. Machine learning models, on the other hand, are capable of handling much larger amounts of data and more complex reaction mechanisms, and have more potential for accurately predicting activation barriers, but the predictions are dependent on the quality of the data and are less interpretable. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on how to develop more accurate and interpretable activation energy barrier prediction models in the future, and looks forward to improving the understanding of the factors influencing reactivity by improving the interpretability of activation energy barrier prediction models.

In recent years, traditional capacitive deionization (CDI) has rapidly developed as a new electrochemical technology with advantages such as energy efficiency and pollution-free operation. This technology primarily utilizes electrodes to adsorb ions from water, achieving purification through the application of voltage. However, traditional CDI faces issues such as the need for electrode reversal, poor adsorption efficiency and incomplete desorption. To address these problems, flow electrode capacitance deionization (FCDI) technology has emerged. Building on the foundation of traditional CDI, FCDI introduces flow electrodes and ion exchange membranes. The liquid electrodes operate continuously within the device, eliminating the need for desorption, and solving the control issues and incomplete desorption associated with electrode reversal. Additionally, the application of ion exchange membranes further enhances ion migration efficiency, significantly improving the performance of electro-adsorption. This paper introduced the working principles of traditional CDI and FCDI technologies, compared their technical characteristics and summarized the application prospects of FCDI technology in the field of water treatment. It also reviewed the latest research achievements in FCDI technology, providing valuable references for researchers in the water treatment industry.

With the deepening research on gas hydrates in carbon capture and oil-gas transportation, the study to their phase equilibrium is significantly important. The gas forming hydrates can be either pure components or mixtures. Hydrate formation involves three- or four-phase equilibria, including I-H-V (ice-hydrate-vapor), L_w-H-V (liquid water-hydrate-vapor), L_w-H-L_HC (liquid water-hydrate-liquid hydrocarbon), and L_w-H-V-L_HC (liquid water-hydrate-vapor-liquid hydrocarbon). The phase diagrams of hydrates formed by different gas compositions exhibit notable differences, particularly in the number of four-phase points. This paper focuses on methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane and natural gas mixture systems, discussing numerical calculation methods for hydrate phase diagrams containing one or two four-phase points and four-phase lines. Numerical simulations are conducted using the independently developed SimTech Simulator, and the results are compared with those from the commercial software Pro/Ⅱ, validating the reliability of the Simulator.

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technology, which is widely used to treat a variety of high-concentration pollutants, but acidic substances are generated during the treatment process, leading to corrosion of the equipment, which seriously limits the development of SCWO. Ni-based alloys with excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation and corrosion resistance are one of the candidate materials for the preparation of SCWO equipment, and it is of great significance for the development of the technology to investigate the corrosion phenomena and mechanisms in SCWO. This paper reviewed the corrosion of Ni-based alloys in supercritical water environment containing different aggressive ions (O^2-、Cl^-、S^2-、PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}, etc.), and summarized the effect of different aggressive ions on corrosion. It was found that the corrosion of the alloy was more affected in the environment containing Cl or S. The corrosion mechanism of Ni-based alloys in supercritical water by different aggressive ions was discussed in detail, and two methods to slow down the corrosion by coating and surface modification were proposed. Finally, the future development direction of alloy corrosion was discussed, and it was proposed to use isotope labeling and pure metal corrosion to deeply analyze and elucidate the corrosion mechanism of alloys in the oxidizing environment of supercritical water.

In the context of global fossil energy crisis and “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals”, industrial carbon-rich gas fermentation for ethanol synthesis has received widespread attention. This technology utilizes industrial one-carbon gases such as CO and CO₂ as raw materials, converting them into fuel ethanol through the carbon fixation and metabolic processes of gas-utilizing microorganisms. This process not only reduces the dependence on traditional fossil resources but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, providing a new solution for the green and low-carbon transformation of industries. This paper introduces the research progress in metabolic conversion mechanisms of gas-utilizing microorganisms, techniques for strain modification, optimization of process flows, reactor designs, and control techniques within the carbon-rich gas fermentation technology. It summarizes the recent industrial applications of this fermentation process, highlighting the major challenges faced in large-scale commercialization, as well as potential solutions. Furthermore, it analyzes the economic and sustainable aspects of industrial carbon-rich gas fermentation for fuel ethanol production and discusses the market prospects of this technology considering the current regulations and policies.

Gas-liquid two-phase flow has complex and changeable flow states, including typical states and transition states. The accurate identification and monitoring of flow state are crucial for understanding the mechanism of two-phase flow and ensuring the safe operation of industrial processes. However, the limitation of deployment cost of sensors and the difficulty of data acquisition in actual two-phase flow processes lead to the data deficiency in gas-liquid two-phase flow. In this paper, the problem of few-shot flow state identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow was systematically discussed, which was researched under the framework of information processing of conductance sensor, time-frequency analysis in multi-scale domain and few-shot learning by the prototypical network. Firstly, the water holdup information reflecting dynamic characteristics and flow structure of gas-liquid two-phase flow was obtained by the conductance method with fast response, safety and low cost. Then, the response signal of the conductance sensor was analyzed by time-frequency analysis. The fluctuation information of conductance signal in multi-scale domain was obtained by the improved empirical wavelet transform method, which characterized different flow states jointly. Finally, the extracted features were embedded into the prototypical network, and the model was trained under the meta-learning framework to solve the problem of gas-liquid two-phase flow state identification in few-shot scenario. The few-shot state identification experiments were carried out through 6 typical flow states and 4 transition states. When only 3 or 5 samples were available for target flow states during training, the comprehensive recognition accuracy exceeded 80%, which verified the effectiveness of the method.

Air pollution has adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. At present, air filtration materials are widely used to mitigate air pollution problems. However, conventional air filtration materials struggle to balance the competitive relationship between high filtration efficiency and low filtration resistance. This study addressed this challenge by using poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) as raw materials to fabricate PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber air filtration materials through electrospinning technology. By varying PMIA and PVDF-HFP ratios in the spinning solution, the influence on nanofiber membrane morphology, pore structure and filtration performance was investigated. High-temperature heat treatment was employed to modulate the membrane pore structure and enhance the composite nanofiber membrane's ability to intercept airborne particulate matter. Results indicated that composite nanofiber air filtration materials prepared with a PMIA to PVDF-HFP mass ratio of 8∶1 exhibited superior performance across different fiber diameters with an average pore size of 1.51μm, air permeability of 148.96mm/s, tensile strength of 13.57MPa and filtration efficiencies of 99.51% for PM1.0 particles with a pressure drop of 45.3Pa. In addition, the air filtration performance of the PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber material remained stable after prolonged high temperature treatment. Thus, the developed PMIA/PVDF-HFP nanofiber air filtration material held promising potential for applications in air filtration, particularly in high-temperature environments

Integrating ET, OT, and IT data to build a unique and trustworthy data source for petrochemical enterprises is the data foundation and key to data driven applications for digital transformation. However, ET data has characteristics such as large volume, complex relationships, frequent changes, and unstructured nature. How to achieve data integration and exchange among project stakeholders based on a unified information model faces many challenges. To this end, international organizations such as DEXPI and NAMUR are promoting standardization of asset lifecycle data management in the process industry. This paper firstly outlines the characteristics and management challenges of engineering data, introduces the concept of information modeling, and analyzes the characteristics of process system engineering modeling in terms of functionality, structure, and behavior. It focuses on the four aspects and three types of data structure involved in the integration and exchange of process asset lifecycle data, comprehensively analyzes the relevant standards for data exchange between homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, and summarizes the problems and challenges in existing standardization work. Finally, prospects are made from four aspects, including strengthening the standardization of asset lifecycle data management, developing engineering software, engineering data governance and digital capability building for operation platforms, and asset lifecycle digital twin applications.

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the current status and developmental trends in bio-based material technologies and industrial ecosystems between domestic and international contexts. It summarizes the enlightenment derived from the advancement of global bio-based material industries, while systematically analyzing existing challenges within China's bio-based material from both policy frameworks and industrial development perspectives. Taking the advancement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality as the fundamental objectives for developing bio-based materials, and considering the diversity in raw material sources, product portfolios, and technological pathways for bio-based materials, six guiding principles for prioritizing bio-based material products development and selecting technological routes in China are established. The study specifically proposes bio-based polyethylene as a strategic focal point for China's bio-based material industry advancement, accompanied by three key recommendations: ①Expedite breakthroughs in core technologies to establish a mature and advanced technological chain; ②Cultivate a stable and reliable raw material supply chain; ③Implement concrete and well-defined policy measures with urgency.