Abstract:

Ammonia, as a carbon-free, hydrogen-rich energy medium, possesses high energy density, enhanced safety, and favorable transport/storage properties. Driven by the dual-carbon target, the ammonia has broad development prospects and a vast future market. As the core infrastructure of ammonia industry, the stability and reliability of the ammonia equipment hold great importance. However, due to the complex operating environment, the ammonia equipment faces failure issues such as cracking and leakage, which may compromise the safety and efficiency of the entire production process. Based on this background, the failure types and characteristics of the main ammonia equipment are summarized, and the failure mechanisms are analyzed, including stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, high temperature corrosion and creep, and intergranular corrosion. Non-destructive testing, macroscopic observation, microscopic observation and mechanical performance analysis in the failure detection and analysis of ammonia equipment are reviewed. Furthermore, the current methods of risk assessment for ammonia equipment failures are outlined. Lastly, the future research directions for exploring the failure mechanism and safety assessment of ammonia equipment are prospected.

Key words: ammonia-hydrogen energy, ammonia equipment, failure mechanism, detection technique, risk assessment

摘要：

在“双碳”目标的推动下，氨作为一种高能量密度、高安全性且便于运输和储存的无碳富氢介质，具有广阔的发展前景和良好的未来市场。临氨设备作为氨工业的核心组成部分，其安全性和可靠性至关重要。然而，复杂的服役环境使临氨设备面临开裂、泄露等失效问题，可能影响整个生产流程的安全与效率。基于此背景，本文总结了目前主要临氨设备的失效类型与特点，分析了临氨设备的失效机理，包括应力腐蚀、氢脆、高温腐蚀与蠕变、晶间腐蚀等，综述了无损检测、宏观观察、微观观测、力学性能分析等方法在临氨设备失效检测与分析上的应用，概括了临氨设备失效风险评估方法，最后对临氨设备失效机理探索与安全评估的未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: “氨-氢”能源, 临氨设备, 失效机理, 检测技术, 风险评估