Abstract:

The frequent occurrence of chemical process reaction safety accidents poses a huge threat to the sustainable development of the chemical industry. Currently, China’s chemical industry is facing severe challenges in reaction safety management. Although the current standard, “Specification for safety risk assessment of fine chemical reactions” (GB/T 42300—2022), provides basic guidance for reaction safety, it has several shortcomings in areas such as risk identification, model accuracy, data measurement, early warning and prevention, reaction process and process coverage. To address these issues, a “1+N” model for a reaction safety technology system was proposed in the present study. This system emphasized the use of “data + models” in the risk assessment process to improve the ability to identify and manage high-risk working conditions. This system was based on the “1” standard of GB/T 42300—2022, supplemented by “N” evaluation methods. It used appropriate models to make judgments and adopted appropriate safety risk assessment methods for reactions of high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk hazard levels and different reaction systems to determine safety thresholds and safety boundaries. And controllable explosions should be kept in the laboratory to avoid large-scale accidents in the factory. This reaction safety technology system not only helps reduce the accident rate but also will effectively improve safety standards of the entire industry in the future, promoting the healthy and stable development of the chemical industry.

Key words: safety, chemical reaction, reaction kinetics, specification for safety risk assessment, thermodynamics

摘要：

化工过程反应安全事故的频发对化工行业的可持续发展构成了巨大威胁，当今中国化工行业在反应安全管理上正面临严峻挑战。当前实施的《精细化工反应安全风险评估规范》（GB/T 42300—2022）标准虽然为反应安全提供了基本指导，但在风险识别、模型精度、数据测量、预警防控、反应过程和流程覆盖等方面仍存在诸多不足。为应对这些问题，本文提出了一种“1+N”模式的反应安全技术体系，该体系强调在风险评估过程中应根据“数据+模型”来解决多种工况问题，以提高对高风险工况的识别与管理能力。这一体系在GB/T 42300—2022的“1”个标准的基础上辅以“N”个评估方法，针对高风险、中风险、低风险危害等级的反应和不同反应体系，采取适合的模型进行判断并采取恰当的安全风险评估方法，来确定安全阈值和安全边界，并且应让可控的爆炸留在实验室，以避免大范围事故发生在工厂。该反应安全技术体系不仅有助于降低事故发生率，也将在未来有效地提升整个行业的安全标准，促进化工行业的健康与稳定发展。

关键词: 安全, 化学反应, 反应动力学, 安全风险评估, 热力学