Abstract:

The acceleration of energy transition and carbon peak and carbon neutrality process has gradually become a global consensus, and the hydrogen industry has entered a rapid development stage. Green hydrogen has become the focus of development. At present, China's green hydrogen industry is still in the stage of demonstration application and business model exploration. A series of issues such as green hydrogen storage and transportation, infrastructure, key equipment, and safety remain to be solved. A safe, efficient, and low-cost hydrogen energy storage and transportation system is the key to promoting the development of the green hydrogen industry. This article analyzes the safety risks of green hydrogen storage and transportation, focusing on the material failure problems of key hydrogen-exposed facilities, systematically elaborates on typical hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, and summarizes the research progress on hydrogen embrittlement failure of key hydrogen-exposed facilities such as hydrogen compressor diaphragms, hydrogen storage containers, hydrogen pipelines, and hydrogen dispenser hoses. It also proposes corresponding risk control measures to provide support for building a solid foundation for large-scale green hydrogen utilization and ensuring the safe and high-quality development of the green hydrogen industry.

Key words: hydrogen, storage and transportation, safety, hydrogen embrittlement mechanism, risk control

摘要：

加速能源转型和“碳达峰、碳中和”进程逐渐成为全球共识，氢能产业进入快速发展阶段，绿氢已成为开发重点。发展大规模绿氢产业是推动我国能源结构转型和实现“双碳”目标的战略选择之一，当前我国绿氢产业尚处于示范应用和商业模式探索阶段，绿氢储运、基础设施、关键设备及安全等系列问题都有待解决，安全、高效、低成本的氢能储运体系是推动绿氢产业发展的关键。本文通过分析绿氢储输过程的安全风险，聚焦关键临氢设施的材料失效问题，系统阐述了典型氢脆机理，重点总结了隔膜式氢气压缩机膜片、储氢容器、输氢管道、加氢软管等关键临氢设施的材料氢脆失效机理及其研究进展，并提出了相应的风险控制措施，为筑牢大规模绿氢利用安全基础、保障绿氢产业安全高质量发展提供了支撑。

关键词: 氢, 储输, 安全, 氢脆机理, 风险控制