Design and performance optimization of reactors for catalytic hydrogen production from cycloalkanes: Frontline progress and challenges

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1852

Abstract

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of global energy transition and sustainable development, the technology of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) is emerging as a pivotal solution for the safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen, gradually capturing the attention of the hydrogen energy sector. Cycloalkanes, such as methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane, have become significant choices for LOHCs due to their high hydrogen storage density and excellent chemical stability. However, the efficiency and selectivity of the dehydrogenation reactions of cycloalkanes are constrained by various factors, necessitating an in-depth exploration of reactor design strategies to ensure a profound synergy between the catalyst and the reactor. This paper systematically discusses the design strategies for enhancing the mass and heat transfer characteristics across various reactor types, and elucidates their critical impact on optimizing the catalytic performance for the efficient release of hydrogen from cycloalkanes. Through a comprehensive analysis of the synergistic interactions among mass transfer, heat transfer, momentum transfer, and reaction processes within cycloalkane dehydrogenation reactors, this study demonstrates that optimized reactor designs could not only significantly enhance dehydrogenation efficiency but also markedly improve the utilization of energy and resources. By integrating advanced reactor design concepts, multiscale modeling, and experimental validation, this research provides a vital theoretical foundation and technical pathway for the development and optimization of high-performance dehydrogenation reactors and their industrial applications, thus offering new directions for enhancing the efficiency of chemical processes and promoting sustainable development.

Key words: liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), heat transfer, mass transfer, cycloalkane dehydrogenation, chemical reactors

摘要：

在全球能源转型与可持续发展的背景下，液态有机储氢（LOHCs）技术作为氢能安全高效储运的重要方案，已成为氢能产业的研究热点。环烷烃储氢载体，如甲基环己烷和环己烷，因其较高的储氢密度、低廉的价格和良好的化学稳定性，成为LOHCs的重要选项。然而，环烷烃的脱氢反应效率和选择性受到多种因素的制约，必须深入研究反应器的设计策略，优化催化剂与反应器之间的匹配。本文系统论述了各类反应器基于传质和传热特性提升的设计策略，详细阐述了其对催化环烷烃脱氢高效释放氢气性能优化的重要影响。深入分析了环烷烃脱氢反应器内传质、传热、传动与反应过程之间的协同作用并加以利用，不仅能够大幅提高环烷烃脱氢效率，还能显著提升能量与资源的利用率。结合前沿的反应器设计理念、多尺度建模与实验验证，有望为高性能脱氢反应器的开发与优化及其在工业中的应用提供重要的理论基础和技术路径，为化工过程的效率提升和可持续发展提供新的指引。

关键词: 有机液态储氢, 传热, 传质, 环烷烃脱氢, 化学反应器

CLC Number:

TK91

MA Zixuan, SHI Ruichen, LIU Mingjie, YANG Yingjie, SONG Ziyu, MEI Xiaopeng, GAO Xiaofeng, HONG Longcheng, YAO Siyu, ZHANG Zhiguo, REN Qilong. Design and performance optimization of reactors for catalytic hydrogen production from cycloalkanes: Frontline progress and challenges[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2919-2937.

马梓轩, 施瑞晨, 刘明杰, 杨莹杰, 宋子瑜, 梅晓鹏, 高晓峰, 洪龙城, 姚思宇, 张治国, 任其龙. 环烷烃催化制氢反应器的设计与性能优化：前沿进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2919-2937.

Figures/Tables 13

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反应器类型	特点	优势	应用	文献
连续微通道反应器	微米级反应，优良的热管理	精确控制反应条件，反应效率高	适合小规模、高选择性的反应	[33-35]
脉冲反应器	快速物料输入，适合短时间反应	灵活性高，适合催化剂筛选和性能评估	适合快速反应和催化剂性能测试	[38-42]
连续管式反应器	稳定操作，易于控制反应条件	适合稳态反应，传热和传质效率高	广泛应用于工业化连续反应	[45-47]
固定床反应器	床层固定，操作灵活	催化剂回收方便，适合连续反应	适合长期运行和连续生产	[59-63]
热耦合反应器	吸热与放热反应耦合	提高能源利用效率，降低运营成本	适合多反应物和多产物的复杂反应	[66-72]
热自维持反应器	无需外部热源，利用反应自身热量	高效热管理，适合持续反应	适合长时间反应且热损失小	[76]
膜反应器	选择性分离与反应结合	提高反应效率和产品纯度	适合分离与反应同时进行的过程	[81-85]
膜渗透热耦合反应器	结合膜分离与热耦合技术	整体效率高，适合复杂反应优化	适合需要分离和反应协同进行的过程	[86-90]
微波反应器	快速加热，均匀加热效果	提高反应速率，降低副产物甲烷的生成	适合快速反应升温和高效催化脱氢过程	[96-98]

反应器类型	特点	优势	应用	文献
连续微通道反应器	微米级反应，优良的热管理	精确控制反应条件，反应效率高	适合小规模、高选择性的反应	[33-35]
脉冲反应器	快速物料输入，适合短时间反应	灵活性高，适合催化剂筛选和性能评估	适合快速反应和催化剂性能测试	[38-42]
连续管式反应器	稳定操作，易于控制反应条件	适合稳态反应，传热和传质效率高	广泛应用于工业化连续反应	[45-47]
固定床反应器	床层固定，操作灵活	催化剂回收方便，适合连续反应	适合长期运行和连续生产	[59-63]
热耦合反应器	吸热与放热反应耦合	提高能源利用效率，降低运营成本	适合多反应物和多产物的复杂反应	[66-72]
热自维持反应器	无需外部热源，利用反应自身热量	高效热管理，适合持续反应	适合长时间反应且热损失小	[76]
膜反应器	选择性分离与反应结合	提高反应效率和产品纯度	适合分离与反应同时进行的过程	[81-85]
膜渗透热耦合反应器	结合膜分离与热耦合技术	整体效率高，适合复杂反应优化	适合需要分离和反应协同进行的过程	[86-90]
微波反应器	快速加热，均匀加热效果	提高反应速率，降低副产物甲烷的生成	适合快速反应升温和高效催化脱氢过程	[96-98]

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