Abstract:

The chemical industry is the pillar industry of China's national economy, and plays a key role in realizing the process of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality". As the demand for resources and the level of application of new materials improve, raw material substitution in the chemical industry has become an important driving force to promote green transformation and industrial upgrading. In response to safety hazards arising from the chemical raw materials substitution, the potential impact of raw materials reactivity differences of, health and environmental risks, equipment compatibility, and changes in processes on the safety of chemical processes was investigated in depth. The results showed that differences in chemical and heat transfer characteristics of different feedstocks may led to variations in reaction rates, temperatures, pressures, and types of by-products, which in turn increased the instability of the process. Changes in the toxicity and emission characteristics of alternative feedstocks may trigger new health and environmental risks with negative impacts on ecosystems and human safety. Corrosion and compatibility issues with new feedstocks could lead to an increased probability of equipment failure, or even failure to keep the new process running properly. Lack of adequate consideration of new risks arising from changes in processes could lead to safety incidents. This study provided theoretical support and technical guidance for the safety management of chemical raw material substitution processes, and laid the foundation for process optimization and risk control of future chemical raw material substitution processes.

Key words: chemical raw materials substitution, safety hazards, heat transfer characteristics, reactivity differences, compatibility

摘要：

化工行业是我国国民经济的支柱产业，在实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的过程中发挥关键作用，化工行业原料替代已成为推动绿色转型和产业升级的重要驱动力。针对原料替代过程中产生的安全隐患，本文深入探讨了原料的反应性差异、健康和环境风险、设备兼容性及工艺流程变化对化工过程安全的潜在影响。结果表明，不同原料在化学性质与传热特性等方面的差异可能导致反应速率、温度、压力及副产物类型的变化，进而增加工艺的不稳定性；替代原料毒性和排放特性的变化可能引发新的健康与环境风险，对生态系统和人员安全产生负面影响；新原料的腐蚀性和兼容性问题可能会导致设备的失效概率上升，甚至无法维持新工艺正常运行；对工艺流程改变引发的新风险缺乏充分考虑可能会引发安全事故。该研究为原料替代过程中的安全管理提供了理论支持和技术指导，并为未来原料替代过程的工艺优化和风险控制奠定了基础。

关键词: 原料替代, 安全隐患, 传热特性, 反应性差异, 兼容性