Abstract:

With the continuous exploitation and utilization of fossil resources, the climate change resulting from the high emissions of CO₂ has garnered significant attention, necessitating the urgent search for viable solutions. Utilizing the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms and optimizing them through synthetic biology approaches offers an exceptional solution for the biomanufacturing of chemicals. Yeasts, as major chassis microorganisms used for synthetic biology, have been successfully applied in the biomanufacturing of various products. Modifying the natural carbon metabolic pathways in yeasts to achieve greater carbon conservation and constructing artificial pathways to convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon for carbon fixation represent effective strategies to further reduce the carbon emissions. This review summarizes the recent research progress in constructing carbon conservation and carbon fixation systems in yeasts using synthetic biology approaches, with a particular emphasis on the advancements achieved in yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Pichia pastoris. It encompasses strategies to minimize carbon loss by eliminating unnecessary decarboxylation reactions and to augment carbon conservation via the enhancement of natural carboxylation reactions, as well as the establishment of carbon fixation systems that recycle carbon dioxide and harness its metabolic utilization. Building on these achievements, the future prospects for biomanufacturing through the development of low-carbon yeast cell factories are outlined.

Key words: yeasts, carbon conservation, carbon fixation, biomanufacturing, synthetic biology

摘要：

随着化石资源的不断开发和利用，由此带来的CO₂高排放引发的气候变化备受人们关注，亟须寻找可持续性的解决方案。借助于微生物的代谢功能，利用合成生物学的手段对其进行优化改造，实现化学品的生物制造是一种优异的解决方案。酵母作为合成生物学研究中一类重要的底盘微生物，已经被成功应用于多种产品的生物制造。对酵母的天然碳代谢途径进行改造以实现更大程度的碳保存，并通过构建人工途径将无机碳转化为有机碳从而实现碳固定是进一步减少碳排放的有效途径。本文综述了近年来利用合成生物学手段在酵母中构建碳保存和碳固定系统的研究进展，重点介绍了以酿酒酵母、解脂耶氏酵母和毕赤酵母为代表的酵母类微生物的研究概况，包括避免非必要脱羧反应减少碳损耗和强化天然羧化反应促进碳保存，以及构建基于二氧化碳回用和代谢利用的碳固定系统，在此基础上展望了通过构建低碳酵母细胞工厂进行生物制造的未来发展方向。

关键词: 酵母, 碳保存, 碳固定, 生物制造, 合成生物学