Abstract:

Air pollution has adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. At present, air filtration materials are widely used to mitigate air pollution problems. However, conventional air filtration materials struggle to balance the competitive relationship between high filtration efficiency and low filtration resistance. This study addressed this challenge by using poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) as raw materials to fabricate PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber air filtration materials through electrospinning technology. By varying PMIA and PVDF-HFP ratios in the spinning solution, the influence on nanofiber membrane morphology, pore structure and filtration performance was investigated. High-temperature heat treatment was employed to modulate the membrane pore structure and enhance the composite nanofiber membrane's ability to intercept airborne particulate matter. Results indicated that composite nanofiber air filtration materials prepared with a PMIA to PVDF-HFP mass ratio of 8∶1 exhibited superior performance across different fiber diameters with an average pore size of 1.51μm, air permeability of 148.96mm/s, tensile strength of 13.57MPa and filtration efficiencies of 99.51% for PM1.0 particles with a pressure drop of 45.3Pa. In addition, the air filtration performance of the PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber material remained stable after prolonged high temperature treatment. Thus, the developed PMIA/PVDF-HFP nanofiber air filtration material held promising potential for applications in air filtration, particularly in high-temperature environments

Key words: poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), electrospun nanofibers, air filtration, high temperature stability

摘要：

空气污染会对人体健康和生态环境产生不利影响，目前，空气过滤材料被广泛用于缓解空气污染问题，然而，传统空气过滤材料难以兼顾高过滤效率和低过滤阻力之间的竞争关系。为此本文以聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺（PMIA）和聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（PVDF-HFP）为原料，基于静电纺丝技术制备了PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维空气过滤材料。通过改变纺丝液中PMIA和PVDF-HFP的配比，探究了其对纳米纤维膜形貌、孔结构和过滤性能的影响。通过高温热处理可以调控膜孔结构，并提高复合纳米纤维膜对空气中微小颗粒物的拦截能力。结果表明，当纺丝液中PMIA和PVDF-HFP的质量比为8∶1时，所制备的不同纤维直径的PMIA/PVDF-HFP复合纳米纤维空气过滤材料性能较为优异，其平均孔径为1.51μm，透气率为148.96mm/s，断裂强力为13.57MPa，对PM1.0的空气过滤效率和压降分别是99.51%和45.3Pa。同时，本文所制备的PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维空气过滤材料经高温处理一定时间后，其空气过滤性能依然保持稳定。在空气过滤领域，尤其是高温空气过滤领域，具有极大应用潜力。

关键词: 聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺, 聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯, 静电纺纳米纤维, 空气过滤, 耐高温