Research progress in biomass-based catalysts in the conversion of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0265

Abstract

Abstract:

The cyclo-addition of carbon dioxide (CO₂) with epoxides is an effective and clean way to produce cyclic carbonates. As a kind of renewable resource, biomass-based catalysts have attracted wide attention because of their unique properties such as non-toxicity, low cost, non-pollution, and containing a large number of amino and hydroxyl groups. In this paper, the recent research progress in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO₂ and epoxides catalyzed by biomass-based materials such as lignin, cellulose, chitosan, and β‍-cyclodextrin is systematically reviewed. The synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and catalytic reaction mechanism of various biomass-based catalysts are discussed. The catalytic activity and reaction conditions of biomass-based catalysts for CO₂ cycloaddition are summarized. However, CO₂ cycloaddition with biomass-based catalysts is facing the problems of limited large-scale application, low catalytic efficiency, and difficulty in balancing CO₂ capture and conversion. Finally, the application prospects were discussed to provide references and new ideas for the utilization of biomass materials and CO₂ conversion.

Key words: biomass material, catalyst, multiphase reaction, carbon dioxide, cyclic carbonate

摘要：

二氧化碳（CO₂）与环氧化合物的环加成反应是获得环状碳酸酯有效且清洁的方法。其中生物质基催化剂因其无毒、低成本、无污染、可再生以及含有大量氨基、羟基基团等特点受到广泛关注。本文综述了木质素、纤维素、壳聚糖以及β-环糊精等生物质基材料用于催化CO₂与环氧化合物合成环碳酸酯的最新研究进展；讨论了各类生物质基催化剂的合成方法、结构特征以及催化反应机理，并对其催化CO₂环加成反应的活性以及反应条件进行了总结；指出了生物质基催化剂用于CO₂环加成反应存在的大规模应用困难、催化效率偏低、CO₂捕集与转化难以平衡等问题；最后对其未来的应用前景进行了讨论和展望，旨在为生物质材料的利用以及CO₂转化提供参考和新的思路。

关键词: 生物质材料, 催化剂, 多相反应, 二氧化碳, 环状碳酸酯

CLC Number:

TQ032

LIAO Xu, WANG Wei, HUANG Wenting, XIONG Wentao, WANG Zeyu, QIN Zuodong, LIN Jinqing. Research progress in biomass-based catalysts in the conversion of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(2): 834-846.

廖旭, 王玮, 黄文婷, 熊文涛, 王泽宇, 覃佐东, 林金清. 生物质基催化剂在二氧化碳转化为环状碳酸酯中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(2): 834-846.

Figures/Tables 15

References 59

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催化剂	环氧化合物	助催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	反应时间/h	产率/%	循环性能	参考文献
cellulose	PO	KI	110	2	2	98	—	[29]
CMIL-4-I	PO	—	110	1.8	2	>98	5/71%	[30]
mQC-1.I	PO	—	120（微波加热）	1.2	3	97	6/91%	[31]
POF-[Cellmim][Br]	PO	—	120	2	4	97	5/91%	[32]
CNC-Co(Ⅲ)Salen	PO	TBAB	25	0.1	24	>99	4/92%	[33]
CNF-(Salen)Cr(Ⅲ)	ECH	TBAB	90	1.5	3	98	6/90%	[34]
cellulose@DFNS-CoMn₂O₄	PO	—	100	20	2	76（聚碳酸酯）	10	[35]
CS-EMImBr	PO	—	120	2	4	98	5	[37]
CS-[BuPh₃P]Br	PO	—	120	2.5	4	96	5	[38]
QCHT	PO	—	120	1.17	6	86	5	[39]
QMMI	PO	—	120（微波加热）	1.17	6	89	4/73%	[40]
IL-CS-8	ECH	—	105	气球	24	99	4	[41]
COFIL@chitosan	SO	—	80	0.1	72	91	5/89%	[42]
CuPc@CS	ECH	TBAB	80	0.1	4.5	95	5	[43]
MOH-Zn	PO	TBAB	30	0.1	24	95	—	[44]
Co@N-HPC-40	ECH	TBAB	80	0.15	48	93	—	[47]
Cal-CS-300	ECH	TBAB	光照	0.1	6	88	5	[48]
lignin	PO	TBAI	70	1	10	95	5	[49]
Lignin-ChCl-PABA	ECH	TBAB	120	1	3	98	5/84%	[50]
SalRu	PO	—	120	2	8	96	5	[51]
P-(L-FeTPP)	PO	TBAB	70	1	12	100	6	[52]
β-CD	ECH	KI	120	6	8	93	5	[53]
β-CD	ECH	TBAB	130	3	5	98	4	[54]
[DBUH][PFPhO]/b-CD	ECH	—	130	3	10	99	4	[55]
bis-β-CD(1b)	PO	—	110	2	24	100	5	[56]
SCB	PO	KI	120	2	6	92	5	[57]
LS-DIL-G3	ECH	TBAB	90	1	5	99	6/79%	[58]

催化剂	环氧化合物	助催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	反应时间/h	产率/%	循环性能	参考文献
cellulose	PO	KI	110	2	2	98	—	[29]
CMIL-4-I	PO	—	110	1.8	2	>98	5/71%	[30]
mQC-1.I	PO	—	120（微波加热）	1.2	3	97	6/91%	[31]
POF-[Cellmim][Br]	PO	—	120	2	4	97	5/91%	[32]
CNC-Co(Ⅲ)Salen	PO	TBAB	25	0.1	24	>99	4/92%	[33]
CNF-(Salen)Cr(Ⅲ)	ECH	TBAB	90	1.5	3	98	6/90%	[34]
cellulose@DFNS-CoMn₂O₄	PO	—	100	20	2	76（聚碳酸酯）	10	[35]
CS-EMImBr	PO	—	120	2	4	98	5	[37]
CS-[BuPh₃P]Br	PO	—	120	2.5	4	96	5	[38]
QCHT	PO	—	120	1.17	6	86	5	[39]
QMMI	PO	—	120（微波加热）	1.17	6	89	4/73%	[40]
IL-CS-8	ECH	—	105	气球	24	99	4	[41]
COFIL@chitosan	SO	—	80	0.1	72	91	5/89%	[42]
CuPc@CS	ECH	TBAB	80	0.1	4.5	95	5	[43]
MOH-Zn	PO	TBAB	30	0.1	24	95	—	[44]
Co@N-HPC-40	ECH	TBAB	80	0.15	48	93	—	[47]
Cal-CS-300	ECH	TBAB	光照	0.1	6	88	5	[48]
lignin	PO	TBAI	70	1	10	95	5	[49]
Lignin-ChCl-PABA	ECH	TBAB	120	1	3	98	5/84%	[50]
SalRu	PO	—	120	2	8	96	5	[51]
P-(L-FeTPP)	PO	TBAB	70	1	12	100	6	[52]
β-CD	ECH	KI	120	6	8	93	5	[53]
β-CD	ECH	TBAB	130	3	5	98	4	[54]
[DBUH][PFPhO]/b-CD	ECH	—	130	3	10	99	4	[55]
bis-β-CD(1b)	PO	—	110	2	24	100	5	[56]
SCB	PO	KI	120	2	6	92	5	[57]
LS-DIL-G3	ECH	TBAB	90	1	5	99	6/79%	[58]

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