Review of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology under the background of “dual carbon”

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2271

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide pipeline transportation is the key link of carbon capture, storage and utilization technology. Accelerating the development of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology and promoting the construction of carbon dioxide pipeline are very important to realize the "dual carbon" strategy. This paper discussed the development of carbon dioxide pipeline engineering, the present situation of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology and the development suggestions of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology. Firstly, the construction of carbon dioxide transportation pipelines at home and abroad was compared and analyzed. Then, the development status of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology was explored in terms of carbon dioxide flow components, pipeline transportation technology, pipeline materials, corrosion and protection, leakage and diffusion, and standards and specifications. Finally, on this basis, combined with the conditions of our country, future development suggestions of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology were put forward. The research results of this paper can provide support and reference for the development and application of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology in China.

Key words: carbon dioxide, dual carbon, pipeline, transportation technology, development suggestion

摘要：

二氧化碳的管道输送是碳捕集、封存及利用技术的关键环节，加快二氧化碳管道输送技术发展、推动二氧化碳输送管道建设是实现“双碳”战略的必由之路。本文从二氧化碳管道工程发展概况、二氧化碳管道输送技术现状及发展建议三个方面展开论述。首先，对比分析了国内外二氧化碳输送管道的建设情况。接着，针对二氧化碳流组分、管输工艺、管道材料、腐蚀与防护、泄放与扩散及标准与规范探究了二氧化碳管道输送技术的发展现状。最后，在此基础上结合我国国情提出了未来发展建议。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 双碳, 管道, 输送技术, 发展建议

CLC Number:

TE832

WANG Shixin, YAN Feng, LIU Xiaoli, SONG Guangchun, LI Yuxing, HU Qihui. Review of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation technology under the background of “dual carbon”[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(1): 17-26.

王世鑫, 闫锋, 刘晓利, 宋光春, 李玉星, 胡其会. “双碳”背景下二氧化碳管道输送技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(1): 17-26.

Figures/Tables 12

编号	项目名称	国家	状态	长度/km	直径/mm	输气量/Mt·a^-1	陆上/海上	储存形式
	北美
1	CO₂ Slurry	加拿大	计划	—	—	—	陆上	EOR
2	Quest	加拿大	计划	84	324	1.2	陆上	盐水层
3	Alberta Trunk Line	加拿大	计划	240	406	15	陆上	—
4	Weyburn	加拿大/美国	运行	330	305~356	2	陆上	EOR
5	Saskpower Boundary Dam	加拿大	计划	66	—	1.2	陆上	EOR
6	Beaver Creek	加拿大	运行	76	457	—	陆上	EOR
7	Monell	美国	运行	52.6	203	1.6	陆上	EOR
8	Bairoil	美国	运行	258	—	23	陆上	—
9	Salt Creek	美国	运行	201	—	4.3	陆上	EOR
10	Sheep Mountain	美国	运行	656	610	11	陆上	CO₂ 枢纽
11	Slaughter	美国	运行	56	305	2.6	陆上	EOR
12	Cortez	美国	运行	808	762	24	陆上	CO₂ 枢纽
13	Central Basin	美国	运行	278	406	11.5	陆上	CO₂ 枢纽
14	Canyon Reef Carriers	美国	运行	354	324~420	—	陆上	—
15	Choctaw (NEJD)	美国	运行	294	508	7	陆上	EOR
16	Decatur	美国	运行	1.9	—	1.1	陆上	盐水层
	欧洲
17	Snøhvit	挪威	运行	153	203	0.7	海陆	盐水层
18	Peterhead	英国	计划	116	—	10	海陆	枯竭油气藏
19	Longannet	英国	取消	380	500~900	2	海陆	枯竭油气藏
20	White Rose	英国	计划	165	—	20	海陆	盐水层
21	Kingsnorth	英国	取消	270	—	10	海陆	枯竭油气藏
22	ROAD	荷兰	计划	25	450	5	海陆	枯竭油气藏
23	Barendrecht	荷兰	取消	20	—	0.9	陆上	枯竭油气藏
24	OCAP	荷兰	运行	97	—	0.4	陆上	温室
25	Jänschwalde	德国	取消	52	—	2	陆上	砂岩地层
26	Lacq	法国	运行	27	203~305	0.06	陆上	枯竭油气藏
	其他
27	Rhourde Nouss-Quartzites	阿尔及利亚	计划	30	—	0.5	陆上	枯竭油气藏
28	Qinshui	中国	计划	116	152	0.5	陆上	提高煤层气采收率
29	Gorgon	澳大利亚	计划	84	269~319	4	陆上	砂岩地层

管道名称	位置	输气量/Mt·a^-1	管道长度/km	建成时间	输送工艺
齐鲁二化厂至正理庄油田CO₂管道	胜利油田	62.1	70	待建	气态
长深4-黑59输CO₂管道	吉林油田	50	8	2008年	气态
徐深9-树101联合站CO₂管道	大庆油田	10	15	2013年	气态
徐深9-芳48 CO₂管道	大庆油田	4.8	20	2013年	气态
榆树林液态CO₂管道	大庆油田	7	5~6	2009年	液态
黄桥液态CO₂管道	华东局黄桥	—	5.4×2	2004年	液态
齐鲁石化-胜利油田百万吨级CCUS示范项目CO₂管道	胜利油田	170	109	2023年	密相

组分	碳钢管道输送	EOR	盐水层封存
CO₂/%	90~99.8	90~99.8	90~99.8
H₂O/μL·L^-1	20~650	20~650	20~650
N₂/%	0.01~7	0.02~2	0.01~7
O₂/%	0.01~4	0.001~1.3	0.01~4
Ar/%	0.01~4	0.01~1	0.01~4
CH₄/%	0.01~4	0.01~2	0.01~4
H₂/%	0.01~4	0.01~1	0.01~4
CO/μL·L^-1	10~5000	10~5000	10~5000
H₂S/%	0.002~1.3	0.002~1.3	0.002~1.3
SO₂/μL·L^-1	10~50000	10~50000	10~50000
NO _x /μL·L^-1	20~2500	20~2500	20~2500
NH₃/μL·L^-1	0~50	0~50	0~50

组分	最低/%	最高/%
CO₂	75	99.95
N₂	0.02	10
O₂	0.04	5
Ar	0.005	3.5
SO₂	<10^-3	1.5
H₂S	0.01	1.5
NO _x	<0.002	0.3
CO	<10^-3	0.2
H₂	0.06	4
CH₄	0.7	4
H₂O	0.005	6.5
NH₃	<10^-3	3

管输方式	工艺要求	优点	缺点	适用工况
气相输送	CO₂在进入管道之前需要进行节流降压；需将输送压力控制在临界值之下以免CO₂发生相变	运行压力低，操作安全性高；气相输送对管材的要求相对较低；管道通常不需要保温	相同工况下，输量较小，经济性较差；对高压输送的适应性较差	小输量、短距离、人口稠密区域
液相输送	需严格控制输送温度以防CO₂发生相变	运输过程中的摩阻小，黏度低，密度小，运输方便	管道需要保冷，投资费用较高；高蒸汽压可能会影响正常输送	小输量、短距离、人口稠密区域；适用于油田
密相输送	输送温度应略低于超临界温度，且不应改变整个压力范围	投资成本远低于气相输送和液相输送，接近超临界输送	只适用于人口密度相对较低的区域	大输量、长距离、低人口密度区域
超临界输送	输送温度及压力均应高于临界值	投资较低，管道不需要保温，对不同输量适应性强，经济性好	由于温度和压力的变化，杂质组分可能会从CO₂流中析出并形成气相	大输量、长距离、低人口密度区域

编号	公式	来源
1	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E F}$	Doctor等^[37]
2	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E F} + C A$	Knoope等^[38]
3	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E L_{f} F T}$	Kang等^[39]
4	$t = \frac{P D_{0}}{2 S E F T}$	SH/T 3202—2018^[34]

编号	公式	来源
1	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E F}$	Doctor等^[37]
2	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E F} + C A$	Knoope等^[38]
3	$t = \frac{p_{m a x} D_{0}}{2 S E L_{f} F T}$	Kang等^[39]
4	$t = \frac{P D_{0}}{2 S E F T}$	SH/T 3202—2018^[34]

编号	标准/规范号	版本（年份）	编制者	内容
1	DNVGL-RP-F104	2021	挪威船级社	设计和运行
2	API RP 1160	2019	美国石油协会	管理
3	DNV-RP-C203	2014	挪威船级社	设计
4	DNVGL-RP-F107	2019	挪威船级社	管理
5	DNV-RP-F116	2015	挪威船级社	管理
6	ISO13623	2017	国际标准化组织	设计和运行
7	DNVGL-ST-F101	2017	挪威船级社	设计、运行及管理等
8	ASME B31.4	2019	美国机械工程师协会	设计
9	ISO 27913	2016	国际标准化组织	设计、运行及管理等
10	CSA Z662	2019	加拿大标准协会	管理
11	49 CFR 195	2019	美国联邦法规	设计、运行及管理等
12	SH/T-3202	2018	中国工业和信息化部	设计
13	ISO/TR 27915	2017	国际标准化组织	CO₂ 泄漏
14	—	2010	能源研究所	设计和运行
15	ASME B31.8	2018	美国机械工程师协会	设计

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