Abstract:

The highly selective production of higher alcohols from syngas is of great significance for the clean and efficient utilization of coal. The two active sites of Co-based catalysts have unique advantages in the synthesis of higher alcohols, and CuCo-based catalysts have become a research hot spot in recent years due to their low cost and high yield. However, the action mechanism of the bi-functional active sites is unclear, and theoretical research is still desirable. This article provides an overview of the latest research progress in catalysts in this field, with a focus on the properties and reaction mechanisms of the active sites in Co-based catalysts for the synthesis of higher alcohols. It clarifies the role of Cu/Co ratio and uniform distribution of CoCu in improving the catalyst performance, which is crucial for the design of next-generation catalysts. This article reviews the effects of alkali metals, La and other additives on the structure-activity relationship of catalysts, as well as their effects on improving carbon chain growth, inhibiting methane formation, preventing carbon deposition, and enhancing catalyst stability. The system discusses the impact of LDHs with unique layered structures and carbon-based carriers such as CNTs and AC as on the performance of Co-based catalysts. By deeply analyzing the synthesis mechanism and developing catalysts with new structures and support materials, we could further improve the performance of Co-based catalysts and thus achieve the more efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable higher alcohol synthesis, so as to provide a solid foundation for its commercialization.

Key words: alcohol, catalyst, adsorption, reactivity, selectivity, support

摘要：

合成气高选择性制取高级醇对推动煤炭清洁高效利用具有重要意义。Co基催化剂的双活性位点对高级醇合成反应具有独特优势。CoCu催化剂因材料成本低、高级醇产量高，成为近年来的研究热点，但其双功能活性位点作用机制尚不清晰，基础理论研究仍待完善。本文概述了Co基催化剂的最新研究进展，重点综述了Co基催化剂在合成高级醇反应中活性位点的性质和反应机理，厘清了Cu/Co比例、CoCu分布均匀性对催化剂性能的影响关系。梳理了碱金属、Zr、Ga等助剂对催化剂构效关系的影响，及其对改善碳链生长、抑制甲烷化、防止碳沉积、提高稳定性等作用。系统论述了具备独特层状结构的LDHs，及CNTs、AC等众多碳基材料作载体对Co基催化剂性能的影响。通过深度剖析合成气制高级醇机理，针对性开发新型催化剂结构及载体材料，可进一步提高Co基催化剂性能，实现更高效、环保和可持续的高级醇合成，为实现商业化夯实基础。

关键词: 醇, 催化剂, 吸附, 活性, 选择性, 载体