Facile synthesis of superhydrophobic sponge for efficient separation of oil/water mixture

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2037

Abstract

Abstract:

The hydrophobic modification for melamine sponge (MS) was achieved with fluorine-free hydrophobic silica (SH-SiO₂)/hydroxy acrylic resin composite coating (SPAC), which was facile, eco-friendly, cost-effective and scalable. The changes in composition, structure, properties and wettability of the sponge before and after hydrophobic modification were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (WCA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties test. The oil/water separation performance of SMS was investigated systematically via the tests of solvent adsorption, recycling, continuous separation and emulsion separation. The results indicated that the as-prepared SMS showed excellent oils/organic solvents sorption capacity (up to 76—170 times its own weight) and outstanding recyclability after 30 cycles of absorption-squeezing-heating. Additionally, the SMS can be utilized as a high-efficient adsorbent for continuous oil/water separation and was capable of separating surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. These excellent properties were attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique low density (ρ about 8.1mg/cm³), high porosity (99.48%) structure and the selective adsorption of SMS, which provided the basis for its application in oil spill treatment and environmental remediation.

Key words: superhydrophobic, non-fluorinated, melamine sponge, oil/water separation, selective adsorption

摘要：

使用无氟疏水二氧化硅（SH-SiO₂）/羟基丙烯酸树脂复合涂料（SPAC）对三聚氰胺海绵（MS）进行疏水改性，实现了超疏水海绵（SMS）的简单、无氟、成本低且可大规模化生产。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、水接触角（WCA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和力学性能测试分析了疏水改性前后海绵的组成、结构、性能和润湿性的变化；通过溶剂吸附量、循环利用、连续分离、乳液分离测试系统研究了SMS的油/水分离性能。研究结果表明：制备的SMS具有优异的油/有机溶剂吸附能力（可达自身质量的76~170倍）、重复利用性（经30次吸附-挤压-加热循环后吸附能力未明显降低）、连续从水体系中分离油/有机溶剂的能力以及分离含有表面活性剂的油包水型乳液的能力（分离效率>98%）。这归因于SMS独特的低密度（ρ约为8.1mg/cm³）、高孔隙率（99.48%）结构和选择吸附性的协同作用，为其在溢油处理和环境修复领域应用奠定了基础。

关键词: 超疏水, 无氟, 三聚氰胺海绵, 油/水分离, 选择吸附性

CLC Number:

TB34

LU Tao, HU Jiayi, XU Cheng, HU Xinlin, GUO Qingyang, LI Meng. Facile synthesis of superhydrophobic sponge for efficient separation of oil/water mixture[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5353-5362.

路涛, 胡嘉怡, 徐成, 胡鑫琳, 郭庆阳, 李朦. 超疏水海绵的简易制备及其高效油/水分离性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5353-5362.

Figures/Tables 11

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吸附材料	吸附溶剂	吸附能力/g·g^-1	制备方法	是否可分离油/水乳液	是否可连续油/水分离	循环利用次数
PDMS/TiO₂/PU海绵^[30]	柴油	14.2	原位聚合	否	否	60次
PDMS/TiO₂/PU海绵^[30]	氯仿	43.6	原位聚合	否	否	60次
HIPE有机凝胶^[31]	汽油	21.2	化学合成-冷冻干燥	否	否	40次
HIPE有机凝胶^[31]	氯仿	32.2	化学合成-冷冻干燥	否	否	40次
BN/三聚氰胺海绵^[32]	花生油	45	硅氧烷分步改性	否	否	20次
BN/三聚氰胺海绵^[32]	氯仿	99	硅氧烷分步改性	否	否	20次
碳化三聚氰胺海绵^[33]	机油	110	碱液浸泡-高温炭化	否	是	10次
碳化三聚氰胺海绵^[33]	氯仿	168	碱液浸泡-高温炭化	否	是	10次
石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵^[34]	柴油	82	超声-微波	否	否	20次
石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵^[34]	氯仿	112	超声-微波	否	否	20次
三聚氰胺海绵^[35]	汽油	58	微波(硝酸)-超声	否	是	10次
三聚氰胺海绵^[35]	氯仿	116	微波(硝酸)-超声	否	是	10次
PDMS/SiO₂/WS₂/三聚氰胺海绵^[36]	汽油	46	浸泡改性	否	否	10次
PDMS/SiO₂/WS₂/三聚氰胺海绵^[36]	氯仿	112	浸泡改性	否	否	10次
SHMP-1三聚氰胺海绵^[37]	泵油	60	浸泡改性	是	否	25次
SHMP-1三聚氰胺海绵^[37]	氯仿	105	浸泡改性	是	否	25次
PPy/Ag/F三聚氰胺海绵^[38]	燃油	63	气相聚合	否	是	15次
PPy/Ag/F三聚氰胺海绵^[38]	二氯甲烷	96	气相聚合	否	是	15次
CNT海绵^[39]	汽油	115	高温-化学气相沉积	否	否	—
CNT海绵^[39]	氯仿	180	高温-化学气相沉积	否	否	—
三聚氰胺海绵	汽油	86	浸泡改性	是	是	30次
三聚氰胺海绵	氯仿	170	浸泡改性	是	是	30次

吸附材料	吸附溶剂	吸附能力/g·g^-1	制备方法	是否可分离油/水乳液	是否可连续油/水分离	循环利用次数
PDMS/TiO₂/PU海绵^[30]	柴油	14.2	原位聚合	否	否	60次
PDMS/TiO₂/PU海绵^[30]	氯仿	43.6	原位聚合	否	否	60次
HIPE有机凝胶^[31]	汽油	21.2	化学合成-冷冻干燥	否	否	40次
HIPE有机凝胶^[31]	氯仿	32.2	化学合成-冷冻干燥	否	否	40次
BN/三聚氰胺海绵^[32]	花生油	45	硅氧烷分步改性	否	否	20次
BN/三聚氰胺海绵^[32]	氯仿	99	硅氧烷分步改性	否	否	20次
碳化三聚氰胺海绵^[33]	机油	110	碱液浸泡-高温炭化	否	是	10次
碳化三聚氰胺海绵^[33]	氯仿	168	碱液浸泡-高温炭化	否	是	10次
石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵^[34]	柴油	82	超声-微波	否	否	20次
石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵^[34]	氯仿	112	超声-微波	否	否	20次
三聚氰胺海绵^[35]	汽油	58	微波(硝酸)-超声	否	是	10次
三聚氰胺海绵^[35]	氯仿	116	微波(硝酸)-超声	否	是	10次
PDMS/SiO₂/WS₂/三聚氰胺海绵^[36]	汽油	46	浸泡改性	否	否	10次
PDMS/SiO₂/WS₂/三聚氰胺海绵^[36]	氯仿	112	浸泡改性	否	否	10次
SHMP-1三聚氰胺海绵^[37]	泵油	60	浸泡改性	是	否	25次
SHMP-1三聚氰胺海绵^[37]	氯仿	105	浸泡改性	是	否	25次
PPy/Ag/F三聚氰胺海绵^[38]	燃油	63	气相聚合	否	是	15次
PPy/Ag/F三聚氰胺海绵^[38]	二氯甲烷	96	气相聚合	否	是	15次
CNT海绵^[39]	汽油	115	高温-化学气相沉积	否	否	—
CNT海绵^[39]	氯仿	180	高温-化学气相沉积	否	否	—
三聚氰胺海绵	汽油	86	浸泡改性	是	是	30次
三聚氰胺海绵	氯仿	170	浸泡改性	是	是	30次

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