Progress on superhydrophobic materials from nanocellulose

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2005

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface, nanocellulose has high hydrophilicity and water absorption, which has become the main factor affecting its large-scale application. Functional modification of the active hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose to improve its hydrophobicity has increasingly become an attractive research area. Based on a brief description of superhydrophobic materials and a comparison of different preparation methods of superhydrophobic materials, this article focused on the research progress on using nanocellulose to construct superhydrophobic materials (aerogels, paper, coatings and films) in the fields of biomedical, papermaking, oil-water separation, food packaging, energy storage materials, etc., and summarized and analyzed the problems in the application of nanocellulose superhydrophobic materials. At the same time, it was pointed out that the future development direction of nanocellulose to construct superhydrophobic materials would focus on the pollution-free process, process simplification and stability optimization.

Key words: nanocellulose, superhydrophobic material, aerogel, coating, film

摘要：

纳米纤维素表面富含活性羟基，具有高度的亲水性和吸水性，这在很大程度上成为影响纳米纤维素在工业上大规模应用的主要因素。对纳米纤维素表面的活性羟基进行化学修饰提高其疏水性，日益成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文在简要阐述超疏水材料基本特征和制备方法的基础上，对比了不同超疏水材料制备方法（模板法、喷涂法、沉积法、刻蚀法）的优劣，重点介绍了国内外学者利用纳米纤维素构建超疏水材料（气凝胶、纸张、涂层、薄膜等）在生物医学、造纸工业、油水分离、食品包装、储能材料等不同领域的研究进展，归纳并分析了目前纳米纤维素构建超疏水材料在改性方式和性能提升等方面仍存在的问题，同时指出了纳米纤维素构建超疏水材料未来将朝着过程无污染化、工艺简化、稳定性优化等方向发展。

关键词: 纳米纤维素, 超疏水材料, 气凝胶, 涂层, 薄膜

CLC Number:

TQ35

ZHAN Xun, CHEN Jian, YANG Zhaozhe, WU Guomin, KONG Zhenwu, SHEN Kuizhong. Progress on superhydrophobic materials from nanocellulose[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(8): 4303-4313.

詹洵, 陈健, 杨兆哲, 吴国民, 孔振武, 沈葵忠. 纳米纤维素构建超疏水材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4303-4313.

Figures/Tables 13

References 70

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方法	制备过程	优点	缺点
模板法	在低表面能模板表面上复制粗糙的微结构	效率高、成本低、操作简单、适用范围广、可批量生产	稳定性差、表面耐久性差、局部疏水性差
喷涂法	在易腐蚀基体表面喷涂固体超疏水涂层	应用范围广、方便快捷、操作简单	界面不稳定、涂层表面不均匀、涂层强度和耐磨性差
电化学沉积法	外加电场，在电镀层中发生氧化还原反应并在电极上形成	工艺简单、效率高、成本低、批量生产、易于控制	污染环境、涂层强度和耐磨性差、材料易浪费
化学沉积法	涂层或薄膜是由基材和含有金属元素的溶液或气体之间的反应形成的	效率高、成本低、适用范围广	污染环境、难以量产，涂层强度和耐磨性差、抗腐蚀性差
激光刻蚀法	激光对材料表面烧蚀，改变表面粗糙结构	耐腐蚀、稳定性好、表面均匀、易于控制	成本高、加工时间长、难以广泛应用
化学刻蚀法	材料表面浸没于化学混合物或气体放电而产生的粗糙度	成本低、易于控制、耐腐蚀	应用范围窄、污染环境、强度差

方法	制备过程	优点	缺点
模板法	在低表面能模板表面上复制粗糙的微结构	效率高、成本低、操作简单、适用范围广、可批量生产	稳定性差、表面耐久性差、局部疏水性差
喷涂法	在易腐蚀基体表面喷涂固体超疏水涂层	应用范围广、方便快捷、操作简单	界面不稳定、涂层表面不均匀、涂层强度和耐磨性差
电化学沉积法	外加电场，在电镀层中发生氧化还原反应并在电极上形成	工艺简单、效率高、成本低、批量生产、易于控制	污染环境、涂层强度和耐磨性差、材料易浪费
化学沉积法	涂层或薄膜是由基材和含有金属元素的溶液或气体之间的反应形成的	效率高、成本低、适用范围广	污染环境、难以量产，涂层强度和耐磨性差、抗腐蚀性差
激光刻蚀法	激光对材料表面烧蚀，改变表面粗糙结构	耐腐蚀、稳定性好、表面均匀、易于控制	成本高、加工时间长、难以广泛应用
化学刻蚀法	材料表面浸没于化学混合物或气体放电而产生的粗糙度	成本低、易于控制、耐腐蚀	应用范围窄、污染环境、强度差

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