Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 4288-4302.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2037
• Materials science and technology • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHANG Yuke1,2(), LIU Qian1,2, DUAN Yuanyuan1,2, ZHAO Yingjie1,2, CUI Yang1,2, SHI Lijuan2,3,4, LI Xiangyuan4, LI Jianchuan4, FAN Haiming5, YI Qun2,3()
Received:
2021-09-28
Revised:
2021-11-12
Online:
2022-08-22
Published:
2022-08-25
Contact:
YI Qun
张雨珂1,2(), 刘倩1,2, 段媛媛1,2, 赵英杰1,2, 崔阳1,2, 史利娟2,3,4, 李向远4, 李剑川4, 范海明5, 易群2,3()
通讯作者:
易群
作者简介:
张雨珂(1995—),女,博士研究生。E-mail:基金资助:
CLC Number:
ZHANG Yuke, LIU Qian, DUAN Yuanyuan, ZHAO Yingjie, CUI Yang, SHI Lijuan, LI Xiangyuan, LI Jianchuan, FAN Haiming, YI Qun. Research progress of low-carbon hydrocarbon(C1~C3) separation based on MOFs[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(8): 4288-4302.
张雨珂, 刘倩, 段媛媛, 赵英杰, 崔阳, 史利娟, 李向远, 李剑川, 范海明, 易群. 基于MOFs材料的低碳烃(C1~C3)分离研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4288-4302.
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类型 | 分子大小/? | 极性 | 极化率/10-25cm3 | 偶极矩/10-18esu·cm | 分子结构模型 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | |||||
CO2 | 3.3 | 无 | 29.1 | 0 | |
CH4 | 3.8 | 无 | 25.9 | 0 | |
C2 | |||||
C2H6 | 4.4 | 无 | 44.3~44.7 | 0.0995 | |
C2H4 | 4.2(3.28×4.18×4.84) | 无 | 42.5 | 0.0866 | |
C2H2 | 3.3(3.32×3.34×5.70) | 无 | — | 0.178 | |
C3 | |||||
C3H8 | 4.3~5.1 | 有 | 62.9~63.7 | 0.084 | |
C3H6 | 4.7 | 有 | 62.6 | 0.366 | |
C3H4 | 4.2(4.16×4.01×6.51) | 有 | 51 | 0.781 |
类型 | 分子大小/? | 极性 | 极化率/10-25cm3 | 偶极矩/10-18esu·cm | 分子结构模型 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | |||||
CO2 | 3.3 | 无 | 29.1 | 0 | |
CH4 | 3.8 | 无 | 25.9 | 0 | |
C2 | |||||
C2H6 | 4.4 | 无 | 44.3~44.7 | 0.0995 | |
C2H4 | 4.2(3.28×4.18×4.84) | 无 | 42.5 | 0.0866 | |
C2H2 | 3.3(3.32×3.34×5.70) | 无 | — | 0.178 | |
C3 | |||||
C3H8 | 4.3~5.1 | 有 | 62.9~63.7 | 0.084 | |
C3H6 | 4.7 | 有 | 62.6 | 0.366 | |
C3H4 | 4.2(4.16×4.01×6.51) | 有 | 51 | 0.781 |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIL-53(Al)[ | 水热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | α①=7(5bar,303K) | CO2和CH4的不同吸附强度 | — |
UTSA-16[ | 溶剂热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | IAST②≈50(296K,1bar) | 孔隙笼和末端的水分子与CO2分子之间的相互作用 | 水稳定性好,暴露在空气中3天,仍然保持相同的CO2吸附和解吸能力 |
SIFSIX-3-Zn[ | 扩散法 | CO2(CH4) | CO2为112mg·g-1(298K,1bar);α=8.8 | 通过晶体工程和网状化学方法精确控制孔径的大小;SiF | 水稳定性:在相对高的湿度下SIFSIX-2-Cu-i结构不变,而SIFSIX-3-Zn经历可逆相变 |
Co(bdp)[ | 溶剂热合成法 | CH4(CO2) | CO2/CH4(46∶54、42∶58、43∶57),S③=100%;CO2/CH4(6∶94),S③=100% | 通过柔性控制其1D孔径的收缩与扩张 | — |
ZIF-7x-8[ | 快速电流驱动法 | CO2(CH4) | αi/j④=25 | 采用混合配体,“刚性和缩孔”同步进行的双策略 | 180h长期分离连续循环运行(398K) |
NUC-3[ | 水(溶剂)热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | IAST=28.7(298K) | 功能性内表面 | 框架在663K之前保持稳定,表明NUC-3具有极高的热稳定性。在48h水中处理后没有结构坍塌 |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIL-53(Al)[ | 水热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | α①=7(5bar,303K) | CO2和CH4的不同吸附强度 | — |
UTSA-16[ | 溶剂热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | IAST②≈50(296K,1bar) | 孔隙笼和末端的水分子与CO2分子之间的相互作用 | 水稳定性好,暴露在空气中3天,仍然保持相同的CO2吸附和解吸能力 |
SIFSIX-3-Zn[ | 扩散法 | CO2(CH4) | CO2为112mg·g-1(298K,1bar);α=8.8 | 通过晶体工程和网状化学方法精确控制孔径的大小;SiF | 水稳定性:在相对高的湿度下SIFSIX-2-Cu-i结构不变,而SIFSIX-3-Zn经历可逆相变 |
Co(bdp)[ | 溶剂热合成法 | CH4(CO2) | CO2/CH4(46∶54、42∶58、43∶57),S③=100%;CO2/CH4(6∶94),S③=100% | 通过柔性控制其1D孔径的收缩与扩张 | — |
ZIF-7x-8[ | 快速电流驱动法 | CO2(CH4) | αi/j④=25 | 采用混合配体,“刚性和缩孔”同步进行的双策略 | 180h长期分离连续循环运行(398K) |
NUC-3[ | 水(溶剂)热合成法 | CO2(CH4) | IAST=28.7(298K) | 功能性内表面 | 框架在663K之前保持稳定,表明NUC-3具有极高的热稳定性。在48h水中处理后没有结构坍塌 |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZIF-7[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | — | 客体分子和ZIF-7中苯并咪唑配体之间的相互作用决定了烷烯烃的开门压力的不同 | — |
RPM3-Zn[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为15cm3·g-1(273K,0.6atm) | C2H6中—CH3与2D层中存在的骨架单齿羧酸酯基发生非特异性相互作用,形成了弱氢键 | — |
Fe-MOF-74[ | 微波辅助法 | C2H4(C2H6) | αi,j①=11.1;IAST②=2.1 | 灵活的开放Fe2+金属特性 | — |
NOTT-300[ | 水热合成法 | C2H4(C2H6) | IAST=48.7 | 具有软官能团和Al(Ⅲ)处的饱和配位点 | 对水和其他有机蒸气表现出优异的结构稳定性,并且在再生时保留孔隙率 |
MAF-49[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为35cm3·g-1 C2H4为15cm3·g-1(316K,0.01bar) | 多个氢键受体和位于孔道表面偶极排斥基团的协同作用 | — |
Fe2(O2)(dobdc)[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST②=4.1 | Fe过氧位点与C2H6更好地结合 | 需在惰性条件下进行特殊处理,但在突破循环测试后仍保持其稳定性 |
MUF-15[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为4.69mmol·g-1(298K,1bar) | 孔隙尺寸诱导了客体和骨架表面之间的范德华相互作用 | 673K以上氮气条件下分解;环境温度下可稳定暴露于大气(约80%湿度)至少1周 |
Mg2V-bdc-tpt[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为7.45mmol·g-1 C2H4为1.73mmol·g-1 | C2H6分子的孔隙空间中密度分布非常分散 | 热稳定性:高达723K;水稳定性:在水中浸泡24h后仍能保持其高结晶度 |
Fe2(m-dobdc)[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST=44 C2H4为7mmol·g-1 | 烯烃与材料中高浓度存在的配位不饱和金属位点结合 | 温和条件再生 |
M-gallate[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST=52 C2H4为3.37mmol·g-1 | 合适的孔径尺寸在乙烯和乙烷的截面尺寸最小交叉范围内,提供了乙烯相对于乙烷的高选择性 | 对水蒸气高稳定性 |
MMOF-3[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(C2H4) | α=5.23(295K,100kPa) | 调整微孔并固定功能位点,特异性识别,从而分离小分子 | — |
UTSA-100[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=10.1 (296K,100kPa) | Z字形纳米通道以及氨基和四唑功能化的内壁,与酸性更强的C2H2分子之间的酸碱作用 | — |
SIFSIX-2-Cu-i[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=39.7 (298K,100kPa) | 有机配体的尺寸调整孔道大小的调控,形成双重互穿结构;一个C2H2分子可以通过协作的C—H···F键同时被来自不同网络的两个F原子同时键合 | 298K连续吸附分离160min |
UTSA-300[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | C2H2为76.5cm3·g-1 (S③>99%,273K,1bar) | 利用具有强结合位点和动态孔结构的尺寸匹配的孔来结合目标分子进行高选择性气体分离;框架内的各向异性吸附位点仅允许C2H2通过,形成强的主客体相互作用来打开孔结构 | 空气中稳定存在 |
UTSA-220[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST②=10 C2H2为3.4mmol·g-1 | Cu原子横向与四个氮原子配位,在轴向与四个双齿配体配位,双向互穿的三维网络,得到3.0?×3.2?和4.0?×6.5?两种孔径,同时利用H原子和F原子之间的相互作用 | — |
ZJU-74a[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=24.2 | 利用两个金属Ni2+与CC的相互作用、H原子与[Ni(CN)4]-之间的协同作用 | 暴露在不同的化学环境中(水、沸水、pH介于1和12之间的水溶液、6mol/L HCl和18mol/L H2SO4)3天稳定存在;573K仍然表现出优异的热稳定性,且不发生相变 |
ZU-62-Ni[ | 柱制备法 | C2H2(C2H4) | C2H2为3mmol·g-1 IAST=37.2 | 吡啶环的旋转,使其具有合适孔径,从而限制C2H4的进入 | 对湿度和水均表现出很高的耐受性 |
ATC-Cu[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(CO2) | C2H2为2.54mmol·g-1 IAST=53.6 | 超强C2H2纳米陷阱可有效捕获C2H2分子 | — |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZIF-7[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | — | 客体分子和ZIF-7中苯并咪唑配体之间的相互作用决定了烷烯烃的开门压力的不同 | — |
RPM3-Zn[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为15cm3·g-1(273K,0.6atm) | C2H6中—CH3与2D层中存在的骨架单齿羧酸酯基发生非特异性相互作用,形成了弱氢键 | — |
Fe-MOF-74[ | 微波辅助法 | C2H4(C2H6) | αi,j①=11.1;IAST②=2.1 | 灵活的开放Fe2+金属特性 | — |
NOTT-300[ | 水热合成法 | C2H4(C2H6) | IAST=48.7 | 具有软官能团和Al(Ⅲ)处的饱和配位点 | 对水和其他有机蒸气表现出优异的结构稳定性,并且在再生时保留孔隙率 |
MAF-49[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为35cm3·g-1 C2H4为15cm3·g-1(316K,0.01bar) | 多个氢键受体和位于孔道表面偶极排斥基团的协同作用 | — |
Fe2(O2)(dobdc)[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST②=4.1 | Fe过氧位点与C2H6更好地结合 | 需在惰性条件下进行特殊处理,但在突破循环测试后仍保持其稳定性 |
MUF-15[ | 水热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为4.69mmol·g-1(298K,1bar) | 孔隙尺寸诱导了客体和骨架表面之间的范德华相互作用 | 673K以上氮气条件下分解;环境温度下可稳定暴露于大气(约80%湿度)至少1周 |
Mg2V-bdc-tpt[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | C2H6为7.45mmol·g-1 C2H4为1.73mmol·g-1 | C2H6分子的孔隙空间中密度分布非常分散 | 热稳定性:高达723K;水稳定性:在水中浸泡24h后仍能保持其高结晶度 |
Fe2(m-dobdc)[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST=44 C2H4为7mmol·g-1 | 烯烃与材料中高浓度存在的配位不饱和金属位点结合 | 温和条件再生 |
M-gallate[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H6(C2H4) | IAST=52 C2H4为3.37mmol·g-1 | 合适的孔径尺寸在乙烯和乙烷的截面尺寸最小交叉范围内,提供了乙烯相对于乙烷的高选择性 | 对水蒸气高稳定性 |
MMOF-3[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(C2H4) | α=5.23(295K,100kPa) | 调整微孔并固定功能位点,特异性识别,从而分离小分子 | — |
UTSA-100[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=10.1 (296K,100kPa) | Z字形纳米通道以及氨基和四唑功能化的内壁,与酸性更强的C2H2分子之间的酸碱作用 | — |
SIFSIX-2-Cu-i[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=39.7 (298K,100kPa) | 有机配体的尺寸调整孔道大小的调控,形成双重互穿结构;一个C2H2分子可以通过协作的C—H···F键同时被来自不同网络的两个F原子同时键合 | 298K连续吸附分离160min |
UTSA-300[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | C2H2为76.5cm3·g-1 (S③>99%,273K,1bar) | 利用具有强结合位点和动态孔结构的尺寸匹配的孔来结合目标分子进行高选择性气体分离;框架内的各向异性吸附位点仅允许C2H2通过,形成强的主客体相互作用来打开孔结构 | 空气中稳定存在 |
UTSA-220[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST②=10 C2H2为3.4mmol·g-1 | Cu原子横向与四个氮原子配位,在轴向与四个双齿配体配位,双向互穿的三维网络,得到3.0?×3.2?和4.0?×6.5?两种孔径,同时利用H原子和F原子之间的相互作用 | — |
ZJU-74a[ | 普通溶液法 | C2H2(C2H4) | IAST=24.2 | 利用两个金属Ni2+与CC的相互作用、H原子与[Ni(CN)4]-之间的协同作用 | 暴露在不同的化学环境中(水、沸水、pH介于1和12之间的水溶液、6mol/L HCl和18mol/L H2SO4)3天稳定存在;573K仍然表现出优异的热稳定性,且不发生相变 |
ZU-62-Ni[ | 柱制备法 | C2H2(C2H4) | C2H2为3mmol·g-1 IAST=37.2 | 吡啶环的旋转,使其具有合适孔径,从而限制C2H4的进入 | 对湿度和水均表现出很高的耐受性 |
ATC-Cu[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C2H2(CO2) | C2H2为2.54mmol·g-1 IAST=53.6 | 超强C2H2纳米陷阱可有效捕获C2H2分子 | — |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZIFs[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | — | 通过扩散速率的差异实现分离 | — |
MIL-100(Fe)[ | 水热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | α①=28.9 | 配位不饱和金属位点(CUS) | 在523K之前完全稳定 |
Co-MOF-74[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | IAST②≈46 | Co2+对C3H6的强大吸附作用 | — |
KAUST-7[ | 水热合成法 | C3H8(C3H6) | C3H8为0.6mol·kg-1(298K,1bar) | 材料孔尺寸的精确控制 | 在材料暴露于H2O或H2S中,未观察到结晶度损失和相变。在水溶液中浸泡6个月以上材料的性能没有改变。热稳定性:298K,1bar循环10次 |
ELM-12[ | 普通溶液法 | C3H6(C3H8) | C3H6为62mg·g-1 C3H8为60mg·g-1 IAST=83(298K,1bar) | 曲折的2D通道和合适的 孔径 | 环境条件下储存3年以上可以保持其结构完整性和气体吸收能力 |
Cu-MOF-74[ | 水热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | IAST②=12.7(7.66mmol·g-1) | 开放金属位点,C3H6表现出比C3H8高的亲和力 | — |
ZU-62[ | 柱制备法 | C3H6(C3H4) | C3H4为1.87mmol·g-1 IAST=48(298K,1bar) | 特殊的非对称配位几何结构(O/F)以及互穿结构使得在0.2~0.5?尺度上可进行孔径微调,从而成功构建窄分布的多个结合位点 | 可稳定暴露于水中一周;高达230℃表现出良好的热稳定性 |
UTSA-200[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H4(C3H6) | C3H6为95cm3·g-1 IAST>20000(298K,0.01bar) | 孔内吡啶环的旋转有效地阻止较大的C3H6分子进入,而孔洞中暴露的SiF | — |
NKMOF-11[ | 普通溶液法 | C3H4(C3H6) | C3H4为1.78mmol·g-1 IAST=1074(298K,0.01bar) | 硫醇基团的氢键(HCC—CH3···S)的作用和吡嗪基团与C3H4中CC的π-π相互作用 | 具有水稳定性,在循环5次中穿透曲线几乎重叠并且保留了NKMOF-11的结晶度 |
MOFs | 合成方法 | 分离对象 | 分离效果 | 分离机制 | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZIFs[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | — | 通过扩散速率的差异实现分离 | — |
MIL-100(Fe)[ | 水热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | α①=28.9 | 配位不饱和金属位点(CUS) | 在523K之前完全稳定 |
Co-MOF-74[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | IAST②≈46 | Co2+对C3H6的强大吸附作用 | — |
KAUST-7[ | 水热合成法 | C3H8(C3H6) | C3H8为0.6mol·kg-1(298K,1bar) | 材料孔尺寸的精确控制 | 在材料暴露于H2O或H2S中,未观察到结晶度损失和相变。在水溶液中浸泡6个月以上材料的性能没有改变。热稳定性:298K,1bar循环10次 |
ELM-12[ | 普通溶液法 | C3H6(C3H8) | C3H6为62mg·g-1 C3H8为60mg·g-1 IAST=83(298K,1bar) | 曲折的2D通道和合适的 孔径 | 环境条件下储存3年以上可以保持其结构完整性和气体吸收能力 |
Cu-MOF-74[ | 水热合成法 | C3H6(C3H8) | IAST②=12.7(7.66mmol·g-1) | 开放金属位点,C3H6表现出比C3H8高的亲和力 | — |
ZU-62[ | 柱制备法 | C3H6(C3H4) | C3H4为1.87mmol·g-1 IAST=48(298K,1bar) | 特殊的非对称配位几何结构(O/F)以及互穿结构使得在0.2~0.5?尺度上可进行孔径微调,从而成功构建窄分布的多个结合位点 | 可稳定暴露于水中一周;高达230℃表现出良好的热稳定性 |
UTSA-200[ | 溶剂热合成法 | C3H4(C3H6) | C3H6为95cm3·g-1 IAST>20000(298K,0.01bar) | 孔内吡啶环的旋转有效地阻止较大的C3H6分子进入,而孔洞中暴露的SiF | — |
NKMOF-11[ | 普通溶液法 | C3H4(C3H6) | C3H4为1.78mmol·g-1 IAST=1074(298K,0.01bar) | 硫醇基团的氢键(HCC—CH3···S)的作用和吡嗪基团与C3H4中CC的π-π相互作用 | 具有水稳定性,在循环5次中穿透曲线几乎重叠并且保留了NKMOF-11的结晶度 |
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