At present, due to the development of the industrial internet, the realization of digital twin has gradually become possible. This paper proposes the overall architecture of the petrochemical Industrial Internet platform, and describes how to build the Industrial Internet platform for the digital twin intelligent ethylene plant from four aspects: technical services, data services, business services and industrial APPs. Taking the practice of ZhongKe intelligent refining and chemical plant as an example, this paper elaborates on how the platform supports the flexible development and rapid iteration of business applications such as efficient utilization of ethylene plant resources, optimization of production control, reliable operation of equipment, safety and environmental protection, and low-carbon, etc. The digital twin intelligent ethylene plant Industrial Internet platform provides valuable experience for the construction of the edge layer of the Industrial Internet platform in petrochemical enterprises, and lays a foundation for the further extension to the petrochemical core device and the realization of the intelligent operation of the industrial core device in the whole area.

Photovoltaic power generation is an important way for China to optimize its energy consumption structure, build a new and renewable energy system, and achieve the "dual carbon" goal, demonstrating broad prospects. The structure and film classification of photovoltaic cells are introduced, and the production technology status and production and consumption structure of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin elastomer (POE) at home and abroad are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the development prospects of the photovoltaic film industry are predicted and analyzed. The conclusion is that EVA film is the mainstream material for photovoltaic cell film, and with the continuous progress of battery technology, the iteration of battery packaging film technology is accelerating. The consumption demand for POE film and multi-layer co-extruded film (EPE) film is constantly expanding. At present, EVA adhesive film in China is completely domestically produced. Driven by market demand, the research and development of POE adhesive film had become a major hot topic of concern in the new material industry. Project research and development and investment construction activities are very intensive, and POE technology progress is rapid. Copolymers (α-olefin), metallocene catalyst and high-temperature solution polymerization technology are gradually breaking through. 2025 will usher in a period of concentrated release of domestic POE production capacity, supporting the accelerated localization of POE film production and supply, and effectively promoting the high-quality development of China's photovoltaic and new energy industries.

Gas-solid fluidized bed has been widely used in energy, mining, chemical, pharmaceutical, and other industrial fields because of its excellent gas-solid contact and heat and mass transfer efficiency. In this paper, the research on the numerical simulation of particle fluidization reaction system is reviewed, and three scales of numerical simulation: chemical reaction engineering model, two-fluid model, and CFD-DEM model in particle scale are compared. This review focuses on the fluidization chemical reaction process with variable particle sizes based on the CFD-DEM method. Six particle reaction models were analyzed: uniform reaction model, shrinking particle model, shrinking core model, hybrid shrinking core & particle model, grain reaction model, and random pore model. The advantages and limitations of different particle reaction models were discussed. The recent development of simulation methods for cross-scale particle systems was analyzed. Finally, the CFD-DEM method's future development in chemical reaction processes simulation was discussed, including large-scale and efficient simulation algorithms, the precision of the particle reaction model, and the accurate description of gas-particle information transfer. This review can provide some guidance for researchers in the field of gas-solid fluidization reaction progress simulation, especially at the particle scale.

The skid-mounted liquefaction device is a promising way to solve the utilization problem of small, remote, and distributed coalbed methane (CBM). The CBM properties change with time, which brings a challenge to the optimal operation of liquefaction process. The research on the prediction of CBM component flowrate can provide CBM parameters required for optimization in time and make real-time optimization possible. Based on the idea of process simulation and soft measurement, the CBM liquefaction process was simulated and the CBM component flowrate prediction was carried out. A real-time optimization method for the mixed refrigerant liquefaction process was established, and three gas sources generated randomly were analyzed. The results showed that the data set obtained by the process simulation had good consistency and reliability. The parameter tuning of random forest showed that the model can obtain the optimal or near optimal accuracy when the number of decision trees was between 20 and 40. If this parameter continued to increase, the accuracy improvement was limited. The method based on prediction-optimization could obtain near-optimal operating parameters for the CBM liquefaction process, which was of great significance to the real-time optimization of industrial production.

The type and amount of promoters are essential for the kinetics of CO₂ hydrate separation. In order to clarify the effects of different concentrations of L-methionine, L-tryptophan, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and other accelerators on the formation kinetics and morphology of flue gas hydrates in cement plants, an intermittent reactor was used at 278.15K and an initial pressure of 3.60MPa. The method of high and low speed combined stirring was used to coordinate with tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), and the induction time, gas uptake, t₉₀, CO₂ split fraction and separation factor were used as indicators. The results showed that L-methionine effectively improved the separation efficiency of CO₂ in flue gas, and the separation factor reached 19.86. L-Tryptophan had a prominent advantage in promoting the nucleation of flue gas hydrate. When the concentration of L-Tryptophan was 0.1%, the induction time decreased by 60.7% compared with pure TBAB solution, but the CO₂ loading was low. In the DTAC system, a large number of dispersed granular hydrates were formed in the liquid phase, which eliminated the suffocation effect, but reduced the separation efficiency. In addition, the induction time decreased to 20—30s after TBAB concentration increased, but increasing TBAB concentration had little effect on other indicators. In summary, 5%TBAB+0.2% L-methionine promotes excellent performance balance, and the captured CO₂ concentration reaches 80.21%. It has the advantages of less dosage, biodegradability and decomposition without foam generation. It is the best compound scheme and can provide theoretical reference for industrial application.

In order to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and reduce the flue gas "white" and the steam greenhouse effect, the heat exchanger plate with different structure of channel through constructing revolving wind tunnel of condensation heat transfer experiment, study the low temperature wet air condensation, the determination of water condensation in wet air and physical parameters of import and export, have different average heat transfer coefficient of corrugated plate structure, and by changing the parameters of wet air condition, research and analysis the influence factors of wet air condensation heat transfer process. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of wet air decreased with the increase of inlet temperature from 85℃ to 140℃. At the same inlet temperature, the lower the moisture content of the wet air, the smaller the influence of Re on the heat transfer coefficient of condensation. With the increase of wind speed, the condensation of wet air decreased gradually. Under the same wind speed and inlet air temperature, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of corrugated plate was higher than that of sawtooth plate and horizontal plate. The use of corrugated sheet smoke heat exchanger can condense and recover saturated water vapor in flue gas more effectively.

In the context of the cooling channel of divertor target in the tokamak, the pressure drop experiments in circular channel with and without twisted tape insert were carried out under mass flux G=(3—8)×10³kg/(m²∙s), system pressure P=3MPa, 4.2MPa, 5MPa and the equivalent one-side radiating heat flux q_e=5—10MW/m². The coolant was subcooled water. The off-center heating method was used to simulate the one-side radiating from high-temperature plasma in the tokamak of fusion reactor. The effects of the twisted tape and q_e, G, P on pressure drop were discussed in detail. It showed that the dP was significantly affected by the twisted tape, G, and q_e in the single-phase region. A lower q_e and a higher G led to a higher dP. The dP was affected by the twisted tape, q_e, G, and P in the subcooled boiling region. A higher q_e, a higher G and a lower P lead to a higher dP. The correlations of pressure drop in the single-phase were assessed by the experimental data. The results showed that the ratio of heated and adiabatic single-phase friction factor were overvalued by almost all the single-phase correlations. A new pressure drop correlation was proposed to predict the single-phase pressure drop in an off-center heated circular channel under high mass fluxes and high heat fluxes. The root-mean-square error of the new correlation was 3.17%.

Sorption thermal energy storage has high energy storage density and low heat loss, which can realize the inter-seasonal utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy. However, it requires an in-depth investigation of the charging/discharging process to improve the thermal energy storage/release performance of the reactor. In this paper, a sorption thermal energy storage experimental system was built and several groups of charging and discharging experiments were conducted. When the inlet air parameters maintained to be constant, the thermal energy storage-release performances of zeolite 13X were measured under different packing height conditions. The experimental results show that whether there is a stabilization phase of the reactor output temperature or not is related to the duration of the fast sorption phase. When the reactor output temperature does not show a stable phase, the duration of the fast sorption phase is less than the duration for the reactor to reach the peak output temperature. With an increase of zeolite packing height, the energy storage density of the zeolite remains approximately unchanged, and the average output power of the reactor shows a trend of increasing gradually first and then stabilizing. When the inlet air temperature and specific humidity are 22.0℃ and 14.9g/kg, respectively, the energy storage density of zeolite in this experiment can reach 220.9kWh/m³. Correspondingly, when the stacking height is greater than 1580mm, the average output power of the reactor during the sorption equilibrium no longer changes with the increase of the stacking height.

Conventional magnetic nanofluids suffer from poor stability and high viscosity at low temperatures. Silicone oil is a suitable base carrier fluid for low-temperature magnetic nanofluids due to its excellent low-temperature properties and viscosity-temperature characteristics. In this paper, silicone oil-based Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ magnetic nanofluids were prepared by a two-step method using silane coupling agent KH-550, lauric acid or oleic acid as dispersants. The particle morphology, microstructure and magnetic properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffactometer, infrared spectrum spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, and the sedimentation stability and viscosity properties of the magnetic nanofluids at low temperatures were investigated from multiple factors. The results show that the spatial site resistance effect and the solubility of the dispersant in the carrier solution jointly affect the stable coating at low temperature. Compared with carboxylic acid dispersants, the nanomagnetic fluids prepared by surface-modified coating with silane coupling agent KH-550 have better low-temperature sedimentation stability and the best redispersibility after solidification. The magnetic field reduces the low-temperature sedimentation stability of magnetic nanofluids due to enhanced dipole interactions and van der Waals forces as well as weakened Brownian motion of the fluid. The decrease in temperature leads to the transition from magnetic nanofluid to non-Newtonian fluid type without magnetic field and affects the equilibrium relationship between magnetic field strength, shear rate and viscosity under magnetic field. The silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluid prepared in this paper has good low-temperature performance and can be applied to low-temperature working conditions. This study contributes to the further development of the preparation technology and performance regulation of silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluid in the future.

Based on the homogeneous equilibrium flow model, the cavitation model and the DPM model, the simulation and prediction of the gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow in the cage-typed control valve are carried out, and the distribution of erosion wear and cavitation in the valve is analyzed. Combined with the actual failure situation of the cage, the analysis results were verified and the main reason for the failure of the cage was determined. The results showed that the main areas of cavitation in the valve were located in the inner orifice of the valve cage. With the increase of the valve opening, the vapor volume increased, the number of orifices through which the fluid flows increased, the cavitation range and intensity also increased. Due to the high-speed impact of particles on the inner wall of the diversion groove, there were obvious deformation and penetration defects in the center and surrounding areas were directly impacted by the particles. The areas with the highest erosion wear rate under multiple openings were located on the inner wall of the guide groove away from the valve inlet side. The pit-like defects around the outlet of the orifice in the inner wall of the cage were mainly caused by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles and the impact on the wall.

As a green energy carrier with wide sources, clean and zero carbon, hydrogen energy is an important way for China to achieve the long-term goals of carbon peak and carbon neutral. Due to its easy flammability, explosion and diffusion, one of the greatest challenges of hydrogen energy development is how to store hydrogen safely, efficiently and economically. As a new form of solid materials, storage of hydrogen in clathrate hydrates is carried out by capturing the hydrogen molecules into the three-dimensional cage structure (such as type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, type H and semi-clathrate) formed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules with the help of different kinds of promoters. Considering the hydrogen storage density and hydrate formation stability, it is found that s‍Ⅱ hydrate promoters have the most promising potential. This paper first summarizes the influence of existing s‍Ⅱ hydrate promoters on the thermodynamic conditions of hydrogen hydrate formation, then compares the hydrogen storage capacity and the microscopic crystal structure changes of hydrogen hydrate in different promoter systems, and finally states the current development trend at home and abroad. It will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the future industrial application of hydrogen hydrate storage.

Solar energy is an ideal alternative of fossil energy, almost inexhaustible and not harmful to the environment. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest and progress in the development of solar cell devices in the form of fibers. Compared with flat solar cells, fibrous solar cells have the advantages of easy preparation, good flexibility, three-dimensional light exposure and so on. They can be made into flexible solar cell fabrics by weaving technology and integrated into clothing to charge portable electronic products such as smart bracelets. In particular, fibrous perovskite solar cells have increased their photoelectric conversion efficiency from 3.3% to 15.7%. In this paper, the background and advantages of the rise of fiber cell devices are briefly reviewed, and the structure and working principle of planar and fibrous perovskite solar cells are compared. Then, the latest research progress of fibrous perovskite solar cells is reviewed from two aspects of preparation method and structure design. The characteristics of different preparation methods are compared and different structure design methods are introduced. The weaving technology is described in detail from the aspects of weaving method, construction of conductive tracks into textiles and connection technology. Finally, the challenges in this field are summarized and the future development direction and application prospect are prospected. It is hoped that this paper can attract scholars from different research backgrounds to enter this multidisciplinary field, and promote its development and create a real era of smart wearable.

Coal gas is an important by-product energy sources in the production process of iron and steel industry, in which carbonyl sulfide (COS) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) not only cause environmental pollution, but also greatly limit its subsequent utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently remove COS and H₂S from coal gas for their clean utilization. Given the lengthy and complex nature of the current desulfurization process of steel by-product gas, there is an urgent need to develop bifunctional catalysts for the simultaneous removal of COS and H₂S. In this paper, we start with the catalysts for the removal of COS and H₂S separately. The research status of supported and unsupported catalysts are discussed respectively, and the applications of supported metal oxide, supported carbon materials, composite metal oxide and hydrotalcite-like compound catalysts in desulfurization catalysts are analyzed in depth. Then its sorts out the current status of research on bifunctional catalysts for simultaneous COS and H₂S removal. On this basis, the mechanisms of COS hydrogenation, COS hydrolysis and H₂S catalytic oxidation are summarized, and that of removing COS and H₂S on bifunctional catalyst is emphatically discussed. At the same time, the researches on deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst are summarized. Finally, the possibility of exploring other materials and modification methods in the simultaneous catalytic removal of COS and H₂S are prospected to reduce the negative impact of by-products on the catalyst. It also gives the guide for the simultaneous removal technology of COS and H₂S from the key aspects of developing high sulfur capacity, easy regeneration, improving desulfurization accuracy and real atmosphere.

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), as important basic chemical raw materials, are mainly obtained from petroleum-based process, such as catalytic reforming and steam cracking. However, with the increasing consumption of petroleum resources, it becomes imperative to develop new BTX production technology. Some BTX production technologies reported so far include methanol to aromatics, syngas to aromatics, CO₂ hydrogenation to aromatics and aromatization of light alkanes. Among them, the aromatization of light alkanes has attracted widespread attention due to the sufficient raw materials and low-cost process. Among many aromatization catalysts, the gallium modified HZSM-5 catalysts exhibit excellent dehydrogenation-aromatization performance and are the research hotspot in this field. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of gallium modified HZSM-5 catalysts in the aromatization of light alkanes from the aspects of the reaction mechanism, the regulation of catalyst properties, and the operating conditions. It was summarized that the state and distribution of Ga species can be controlled by the gallium introduction way, atmosphere pretreatment and calcination temperature. Regulating the acid properties and pore structure of HZSM-5 can improve the activity and stability of catalysts. The introduction of additives such as Pd, Ag, Ni, Pt and Cr can enhance the dehydrogenation activity and improve the aromatization ability. The synergistic effect between B acid sites and L acid sites (active Ga species) in gallium modified HZSM-5 catalysts is helpful to improve the light alkanes aromatization performance. Finally, this paper pointed out that the development of multi-functional synergistic gallium modified HZSM-5 catalysts in the processes of light alkane aromatization and CO₂co-feeding is the key to increasing BTX production and reducing CO₂ emissions.

Selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin derivatives is regarded as an important route to produce high value-added biochemicals and biofuels. However, the low-temperature HDO process performed in water is still of challenge. In this study, a series of Pd/PSNs catalysts was prepared via a facile impregnation method where phosphoric acid-modified silica nanospheres (PSNs) were used as the support and then Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were uniformly dispersed on them. The as-prepared catalysts showed high activities in low-temperature HDO of vanillin (VAN) to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) in water. VAN could be fully converted after reaction at 45℃ for 8h in water and the corresponding yield of MMP was up to 95.5%. Detailed experimental studies demonstrated that both P species and Pd NPs on the surface of Pd/PSNs catalyst were active sites for the HDO of VAN and the presence of P species could accelerate the selective conversion of the intermediate (vanillyl alcohol, VAL) to MMP via a free-radical process, resulting in the superior catalytic performances. Besides, Pd/PSNs catalysts also exhibited excellent catalytic performances in HDO of other lignin derivatives with different functional groups to the corresponding products. This work provides a new idea for the selective production of high value-added biochemicals and biofuels from lignin derivatives.

With the excess refining capacity in China and the increasing demand for basic chemical raw materials such as "three olefins", the development of the direct catalytic cracking of crude oil to produce light olefins is of great significance for refining enterprises to realize the refining and chemical integration. This paper firstly introduced the structural characteristics of hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil, and concluded that about 74% of the components in paraffin-based crude oil are of directly crackable structure. Therefore, paraffin-based crude oil is an ideal oil source for upgrading the main products of the refining industry from vehicle fuels to basic chemical products. Then, the current catalytic cracking processing strategy is elaborated with the difference of cracking performance between the light and heavy fractions in crude oil, and a coupled catalytic cracking reactor of fluidized bed type with "fast bed + turbulent bed" is proposed to provide a catalytic environment for the co-depth and efficient conversion of hydrocarbon molecules with different structures, which will provide a new technological path for the highly selective conversion of full fraction paraffin-based crude oil and the product transformation of paraffin-based crude oil from fractions to molecules.

The spent catalyst for microcarbon reduction from the industrial residue hydrotreating unit and the regenerated catalyst were characterized by means of BET, ICP, EPMA, TPR and other analysis methods, and their activities were evaluated on a pilot plant. The results showed that, carbon, Ni and V were deposited on the spent catalyst, and the pore volume and specific surface area decreased significantly. After regeneration, the carbon deposit was effectively burned off. The pore volume and specific surface area of the regenerant were respectively restored to about 87% and 84% of that of the freshener. The reduction temperature of H₂ was about 60℃ higher than that of the freshener. The desulfurization, microcarbon removal and Ni+V removal activities were respectively restored to 72.2%, 84.1% and 86.4% of those of the freshener. New technologies need to be developed to remove the deposited metal, so as to further restore the catalyst pore structure and improve the activity of the regenerant.

The catalytic performance of zeolite catalysts with EUO, MOR, Beta and MWW topologies in isobutene oligomerization was studied and compared in detail. The MWW zeolites with 10/12-membered ring and supercage structure showed good catalytic stability in the reaction. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 160℃, 0.50MPa, 20h^-1, isobutene conversion could reach 80%, and the selectivity for diisobutene was up to 55%. After suitable alkaline treatment, the amorphous aluminosilicate species blocked in the channels were cleaned and some mesopores could be created which was beneficial for the diffusion of the reactant molecules, and the selectivity of diisobutene could be further improved. However, excessive alkaline leaching would lead to the destruction of the MWW zeolite framework and the decrease of acid density which was not good for the reaction stability.

The preparation of succinic acid by biological fermentation instead of petroleum-based method has attracted wide attention because of its cheap raw materials and low environmental impact. However, most product by biological fermentation is succinate. Therefore, it is often necessary to acidify succinate with inorganic acid. With CH₃OH and CO₂ as esterification reagents, disodium succinate can be directly esterified to dimethyl succinate without using of inorganic acid, and the generated carbonate can be used to fix carbon dioxide and adjust the pH of biological fermentation broth. Herein, this paper systematically investigated the catalytic performance of different molecular sieves for this reaction and explored their deactivation reasons. Due to the easy deactivation and low acid content of molecular sieves, solid superacid SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ was used to improve the reaction. X-ray diffractometer, specific surface area and porosity analyzer, thermal gravimetric analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed chemisorption instrument were used to investigate the effects of calcining temperature and concentration of dipping solution on the direct esterification of disodium succinate catalyzed by SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ to prepare dimethyl succinate, and the cycle stability of the catalyst. The results showed that under the preparation conditions of H₂SO₄ concentration of 2mol/L and calcination temperature of 550℃, the prepared SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ catalyst had excellent catalytic activity, and the yield and selectivity of dimethyl succinate were 89.25% and 93.56%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst remained high catalytic activity after being used for five times without any treatments, indicating its good stability.

α-MnO₂, β-MnO₂ and γ-MnO₂ were prapered respectively with manganese sulfate, ammonium persulfate and ammonium sulfate as reactant by using hydrothermal method. Subsquently, Au-Pd nanoparticles were loaded on the MnO₂ by sol-immobiliazation method. Then the prepared Au-Pd/MnO₂ catalysts were used for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol under solvent-free condition. The experimental results indicated that the morphology of the MnO₂ significantly affected on the catalytic performance. The TOF value on Au-Pd/γ-MnO₂ reached 68283h^-1, which was much higher than those of Au-Pd/β-MnO₂ (62299h^-1) and Au-Pd/α-MnO₂ (35280h^-1). Furthermore, the cycle stability experiment demonstrated that Au-Pd/MnO₂ catalysts manifested a high durability. Meanwhile, XRD, N₂-BET, TEM and XPS were conducted to characterize the prepared catalysts, the corresponding results revealed that the excellent performance of Au-Pd/γ-MnO₂ was attributed to the smaller Au-Pd nanoparticle size, the higher number of oxygen vacancies in γ-MnO₂ and the higher content of Pd⁰ active species.

Hydrogen is important as industrial raw material and clean fuel, which shows great economic and social value. Hydrogen separation is necessary before hydrogen utilization. Membrane-based technology is a H₂ separation technology with features of high energy efficiency, simplicity and continuous operation. Polyimide (PI) membrane as one of the most promising materials has been widely applied in the fields of H₂ separation due to its excellent gas selectivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical stability, hydrolysis resistance and corrosion resistance. However, driven by some disadvantages of small free volume, poor gas permeability and plastic resistance, traditional polyimide membrane cannot be widely used for large-scale H₂ separation. Therefore, the traditional polyimide needs to be modified to separate H₂ preferably. In this review, the recent research status of polyimide film in hydrogen separation was reviewed, and monomer structure modification and the key problems of polyimide gas separation membrane were summarized. Focusing on six kinds of modifications of inorganic particle blending, MOFs blending, polymer blending, cross-linking, hyperbranching modification and monomer structure modification, the research achievements of polyimide gas separation membrane modification were introduced in detail, and the development trend of polyimide gas separation membrane was looked forward, providing a reference for the research and development of efficient separation membrane in the future.

Two-dimensional nanosheet material, transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene), as a graphene-like material has attracted extensive attention in the field of precision fluid separation due to its rich functional group modification sites. However, electrostatic force makes the nanosheets of MXene-based membranes stack loosely. Moreover, the oxygen-containing functional groups are easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, making MXene-based membrane easy to swell, which ultimately leads to a decline in separation efficiency. Therefore, there are still challenges in the preparation of MXene-based membranes with high stability and high separation efficiency. This work systematically summarized the latest research progress of MXene-based membrane materials in the field of precision fluid separation in recent years. The preparation methods of MXene including "top-down" and "bottom-up" is introduced, and the membrane construction strategies of MXene-based membrane including cross-linking, nanoparticle doping, two-dimensional material intercalation and organic-inorganic mixed matrix membrane are deeply discussed. The current application of MXene-based membrane in the field of precision fluid separation is briefly summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based membranes are outlooked in aspects of material preparation, separation layer construction, application fields and industrialization.

Along with advances in digital healthcare and manufacturing, flexible and pliable wearable devices can fit perfectly with the surface of the human body to monitor human motion and health signals, etc., and thus enabling a variety of sensing functions. Flexible wearable devices have the advantages of flexibility, variable volume and good biological adaptability, but there are still problems such as low sensitivity, limited detection range and low reliability vulnerable to interference from the external environment. A key device in flexible wearable devices is the flexible pressure sensor for pressure detection. In the next few years, flexible wearable pressure sensors will pay more attention to the exploration of new structural sensors and the overall construction of high-performance sensors. This paper provided an overview of the research progress of flexible pressure sensors in recent years, and explained the types of pressure sensors, their operating mechanisms, design principles and recent advances. The recent literature focuses on piezoresistive pressure sensors in terms of materials and device design were summarized and the main application areas of piezoresistive pressure sensors were briefly introduced. The reliability of piezoresistive pressure sensors and future challenges were outlined from the perspective of structural design and future applications of piezoresistive pressure sensors.

The pseudo-capacitor material hydroxide/oxide has the advantage of high specific capacity and can be used in fields with high energy density and moderate power density. The preparation of hydroxide/oxide electrodes by electrodeposition method is simple. The element composition, morphology, size, and deposition amount can be regulated, which can effectively play the capacitor performance of materials, and is a very promising electrode preparation method. However, some methods, rules and influencing factors for preparing supercapacitor electrodes by electrodeposition still need to be summarized and clarified. The electrodeposition mechanism of hydroxide/oxide and the influence of deposition amount, micro-morphology, specific surface area, pore structure, electrochemical impedance and other factors on the performance of hydroxide/oxide were summarized. The general rules of cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition, constant potential electrodeposition, constant current electrodeposition methods and the relevant research results were summarized. The problems of preparing hydroxide/oxide by electrodeposition were analyzed, such as insufficient adhesion between the deposition layer and substrate, uneven deposition, and difficulty obtaining high performance and a large amount of deposition layer. The future research trends of electrode materials prepared by electrodeposition, such as multicomponent composites and the use of green additives and templates, were prospected.

Marine fouling brings great difficulties and challenges to human exploration of the ocean. With the increasingly strict environmental requirements in the world, traditional high toxic antifouling coatings such as organic tin have been gradually eliminated. New low surface energy antifouling technology has become the development trend of marine antifouling technology in the future due to its environmental friendliness. This paper introduced the cause of marine fouling and the antifouling mechanism of low surface energy antifouling coatings, and summarized the current research progress of two common low surface energy antifouling coatings, organic silicon and organic fluorine. At present, the research of organosilicon antifouling coatings mainly focused on the modification of small molecular silicone oil and the modified coating matrix, and still faced the problem of balancing the antifouling properties and mechanical properties of coatings. The research of organic fluorine antifouling coating mainly focused on fluoroacrylate and perfluoropolyether, but the application effect was poor. The introduction of fluoropolymer such as fluoro group and perfluoropolyether into organic silicon based polymer had achieved good antifouling effect. The analysis showed that the low surface energy antifouling coating had broad prospects. The organosilicon antifouling coating was the key of future research, and the organofluorine antifouling coating needed to be further studied in combination with the organosilicon antifouling coating.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is a non-metallic photocatalytic material. It has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, green, no secondary pollution, adjustable band gap energy and high thermal stability. It has become the research hotspot in the field of energy and environment. However, g-C₃N₄ possesses the disadvantages of small specific surface area, large band gap and fast recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes, which limits its application. Non-metallic element doping can effectively solve the above problems by reducing the band gap, broadening the spectral response range, inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improving the light absorption capacity. In this work, the synthesis methods and application of non-metallic element doped g-C₃N₄ were reviewed. The non-metallic single element doping (single element self-doping and other single element doping) and non-metallic multi-element co-doping were summarized. As for the study on non-metallic element doped g-C₃N₄, it was still necessary to pay attention to the low yield of g-C₃N₄, insufficient utilization efficiency of visible light and reclamation difficulty. The important role of non-metallic element doped g-C₃N₄ in environmental pollution and the energy crisis was also emphasized.

The absorption of electromagnetic waves by absorbent materials is dependent on the electromagnetic wave absorbers filled in them. Traditional micron or sub-micron powder absorbers have the advantages of simple production processes and low cost, but have problems such as easy oxidation and low re-magnetic permeability. Magnetic fibrous absorbers have significant shape anisotropy, good tunability of electromagnetic properties, good magnetic permeability and low magnetic loss, etc. The nano-scale effect brought by the nano-size of magnetic fibers has broadened the development prospect of magnetic fibrous absorbers, which has received extensive attention and research from scholars at home and abroad. This paper analyzed the research progress of ferrite magnetic fibers, nanofibers and magnetic amorphous fibers, and provided a detailed review of their respective characteristics and development status. The author proposed that the fibrous absorbers were lighter and stronger than powder absorbers, which was more in line with the requirements of high-efficiency absorbers. The single-material electromagnetic absorbers cannot take into account the advantages of broadband absorption and good absorption performance. Therefore, the magnetic fibrous absorbers would develop in the direction of low-dimensional and multi-dimensional composite, and the composite materials would also become diversified and develop in the direction of sustainability. This provided an important reference for the next step of research on magnetic fibrous absorbers.

Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) have been extensively studied in many fields due to their huge specific surface area, high porosity, ordered pore structure and excellent stability, among which they show good application prospects in the field of adsorption/separation, especially in the adsorption of synthetic dyes in aqueous humor. The structural design methods of common MOFs as porous adsorbent materials are introduced. The effects of exchange of metal ions and ligands, functionalized modification of organic ligands on the crystal structure, specific surface area and pore capacity of MOFs are analyzed with emphasis, and the relationship between the structural design of MOFs and their adsorption performance is investigated. And then, the adsorption mechanism of MOFs on cationic dyes and anionic dyes is investigated. Plus, the adsorption properties of MOFs on cationic dyes such as Methylene blue and Rhodamine B, and anionic dyes such as Congo red and Chromium black T are analyzed on this base. Finally, the technical advantages and current problems of MOFs porous adsorption materials are summarized, and the future development direction is prospected in order to improve the reference of MOFs for the development in the field of high-performance adsorption.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of mature technology, high energy density and long service life. However, due to the limitation of electrode materials and electrolytes, traditional commercial LIBs have the disadvantages of limited reversible specific capacity, low power density, poor cycle performance, high cost of production materials and potential safety hazards in the working process. In this paper, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a crystalline organic porous material composed of light elements, were briefly described. Its ordered large pores, pre-designed structure, large specific surface area, low density, easy functionalization and other advantages fully had the potential to be used as key materials for LIBs. Various COFs designed by researchers in recent years and their applications in LIBs were reviewed, including the application of COFs in LIBs electrode materials, separators and electrolytes. It was concluded that COFs had excellent electrochemical properties when applied to LIBs, Finally. the research direction of COFs in LIBs was predicted in order to provide some reference for the development of energy storage and renewable energy industries.

The hydrophobic modification for melamine sponge (MS) was achieved with fluorine-free hydrophobic silica (SH-SiO₂)/hydroxy acrylic resin composite coating (SPAC), which was facile, eco-friendly, cost-effective and scalable. The changes in composition, structure, properties and wettability of the sponge before and after hydrophobic modification were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (WCA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties test. The oil/water separation performance of SMS was investigated systematically via the tests of solvent adsorption, recycling, continuous separation and emulsion separation. The results indicated that the as-prepared SMS showed excellent oils/organic solvents sorption capacity (up to 76—170 times its own weight) and outstanding recyclability after 30 cycles of absorption-squeezing-heating. Additionally, the SMS can be utilized as a high-efficient adsorbent for continuous oil/water separation and was capable of separating surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. These excellent properties were attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique low density (ρ about 8.1mg/cm³), high porosity (99.48%) structure and the selective adsorption of SMS, which provided the basis for its application in oil spill treatment and environmental remediation.

Thermal-responsive hydrogel can absorb water and dehydrate reversibly with temperature change. As a draw agent in forward osmosis (FO), it has great potential in reducing recovery energy consumption and leakage. However, the low swelling rate limits its development in the FO process. The addition of hydrophilic ionic groups can increase the swelling pressure of hydrogels, resulting in higher water flux. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/sodium acrylate-montmorillonite) [P(NIPAM/SA-MMT)] hydrogel with simple recovery and no reverse solute diffusion was fabricated by free-radical polymerization. The chemical structure and internal morphology of hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology was used to optimize the addition of cross-linker, sodium acrylate and montmorillonite. Due to the increase of hydrophilic carboxylate and hydroxyl groups, the equilibrium swelling ratio and dehydration under thermal stimulation of P(NIPAM/SA-MMT) hydrogels were significantly higher than those of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. With P(NIPAM/SA-MMT) hydrogel as draw agent and deionized water as the feed solution, the initial water flux in 0.5h was 0.87L/(m²·h) and the water flux decreased gradually with increasing feed solution concentration. After soaking in deionized water for 12h, the hydrogel was dehydrated at 60℃ for 60 minutes, and the water recovery rate reached 98.1%. The results showed that the prepared hydrogels had good water flux and water recovery performance.

The β‍-cyclodextrin modified MoS₂ tubular ceramic composite membrane was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal method on the surface of alumina ceramic substrate with β‍-cyclodextrin (β‍-CD) as an additive into precursor solution. The surface morphology, structure, chemical composition, hydrophilicity and charge of the membrane were well investigated by search engine marketing, X-raydiffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle and zeta potential techniques. The effect of different β-CD amount on the membrane nanofiltration performance as well as the pressure resistance and long-term stability of the membranes were studied. The results indicated that the permeability of the membrane was greatly increased due to that the cavity-related structure of β‍-CD provided additional fast transport channels for water molecules. When the amount of β‍-CD was 2.4%, the water permeability of the membrane was highest as 325L/(m²·h·MPa) along with 98.6% rejection of Evans blue (EB), and more than 90% rejection for chrome Black T (EBT) and Xylenol orange (XO). The prepared membrane showed an excellent pressure resistance at 0.2—0.8MPa pressure and displayed a great long-term stability.

Two-dimensional transition metal carbon (nitrogen) compound MXene (Ti₃C₂T _x ) has been widely concerned in the field of membrane separation because of its hydrophilicity and adjustable layer spacing. However, laminar flow MXene films are easy to be peeled off from the substrate. Therefore, the key to its industrial application is to select appropriate substrate materials and increase the adhesion between MXene films and substrate materials. The MXene pervaporation separation membrane material was prepared by self-cross-linking reaction using α-Al₂O₃ particles and SiO₂-ZrO₂ sol as the support of macroporous α-Al₂O₃ ceramic tube. The effects of Ti₃C₂T _x nanosheet loading, isopropanol concentration and operating temperature on the pervaporation separation performance of MXene membrane in isopropanol/water system were investigated. The results showed that: The layered structure formed by MXene nanosheets was conducive to blocking large diameter isopropanol molecules from passing through the interlayer pore. When the loading of MXene nanosheets was 1.97mg/cm², MXene membrane exhibited high dehydration performance at 55℃ for 90% isopropanol/water system, and the water content of the permeation side was 95.51%. The flux can reach 485.13g/(m²·h). The new MXene membrane based on macroporous α-Al₂O₃ carrier tube had stable structure and good separation performance, and had broad application prospects in pervaporation of organic solvent dehydration.

We developed an intelligent drug delivery platform based on the mixture of magnetic mesoporous silica and polydopamine (PDA), which can be used for pH responsive drug delivery. Magnetic cores Fe₃O₄ was prepared by co-precipitation method. The magnetic nanomaterial Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂ was obtained by the Stober method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template and tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) as a silicon source. Anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was used as the model drug to be encapsulated into Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂. The surface of the carrier was modified with pH-sensitive PDA coating by oxidation self-polymerization of dopamine at alkaline pH to obtain the magnetic nano drug loading system DOX/Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂@PDA. The materials were characterized by Transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer, Brunauer Emmett Teller and vibration sample magnetometer. We found that Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂ was spherical with good mesoporous structure and a specific surface area of up to 619.16m²/g. VSM indicated that the carrier Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂@PDA had good magnetic properties. During the drug loading process, when DOX concentration was 0.5mg/mL, temperature was 37℃, and reaction time was 36h, the drug loading rate and encapsulation rate were up to 51.69% and 82.70%, respectively. The drug release curve showed that the nano drug delivery system had the characteristics of pH responsiveness and slow drug release. Thiazole blue colorimetric assay (MTT) cytotoxicity showed that Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂@PDA had good biocompatibility, and DOX/Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂@PDA had obvious inhibitory effect on cancer cells. The nano drug delivery system has a potential application prospect in targeted drug delivery.

Waste lubricating oil is a kind of liquid waste produced in industrial production and transportation, which possesses both pollution and resource characteristics. In this research, waste lubricating oil was regenerated using the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction technology, and the yield of recovered oil was investigated under conditions of pressure ranging from 8.0MPa to 16.0MPa and temperature ranging from 308.2K to 348.2K. It was found that density was a key variable which affected the yield of recovered oil. Increasing the pressure while maintaining a constant temperature led to an increase in SC-CO₂ density, resulting in a higher extraction yield. Additionally, the use of n-hexane as a co-solvent could effectively enhance the extraction ability of SC-CO₂, resulting in increase of recovered oil yield. Moreover, the physicochemical properties and metal elemental content of the recovered oil were measured. The viscosity-temperature performance, oxidation stability, and low temperature fluidity were notably improved, and the metal element content was sharply decreased. The properties of the recovered oil were almost similar to those of HVI-150 virgin oil, and therefore it was suitable for use as a base oil in the formulation of new lubricants.

The fluoropolyurethane dimethacrylate (TFXPUA) macromonomer was prepared firstly. Then, the fluorinated polyurethane microcapsules (MTFXPUA) were prepared by interface polymerization with TFXPUA, 1,6-hexanediol diol acrylate (HDDA) and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone(HMPP) as the core materials, and polyurethane as the wall material. MTFXPUA were added to waterborne polyurethane to prepare self-repairing films and coatings. The structure and properties of TFXPUA, MTFXPUA and the repaired polyurethane were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), contact angle test, tensile testing, salt water immersion test and electrochemical impedance. The results showed that TFXPUA macromonomer was prepared successfully and its number average molecular weight was 14275. The average particle size of fluorinated polyurethane microcapsules (MTFXPUA) based on TFXPUA as the core material was 24.05μm. The scanning electron microscope indicated that MTFXPUA had a good self-repairing effect on microcracks in polyurethane coating. With the increase of tetrafluoro benzenedimethanol (TFB) content in TFXPUA, the contact angle at the self-repairing site, tensile strength, impedance at low frequency and the radius of Nyquist curve of the waterborne polyurethane repaired by MTFXPUA increased. When TFB content exceeded 6%, the increase trend slowed down. When the amount of TFB was 6%, the water contact angle at the repair site could reach 96.80° and the tensile strength of the repaired film increased from 17.94MPa to 25.21MPa. Microcapsules based on fluoropolyurethane dimethacrylate (TFXPUA) macromonomer had good self-repairing performance for polyurethane coatings and realized the secondary protection of the repaired area.

The gas sulfur reduction of phosphogypsum for acid co-production of sulfoaluminate cement clinker is a new process technology for treating industrial solid waste phosphogypsum. The reduction furnace of this system was studied and analyzed by combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental validation, and the numerical simulation of the multiphase flow chemical reaction process of gas sulfur and phosphogypsum raw material particles in the reduction furnace was realized by using the Euler-Lagrange based component transport model. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the pilot test data, the key process parameters such as temperature, velocity, components and concentration fields in the reduction furnace were obtained, and the trajectory of gas-solid phase motion and temperature field distribution in the reduction furnace were stable. Under the condition that the inlet gas sulfur temperature was 1023K and the molar ratio of CaSO₄ to gas sulfur was 3.14∶1, the pre-reduction rate of CaSO₄ reached 26.84%, which met the requirement of deep reduction. The numerical simulation of key dominant process parameters agreed well with the pilot system operation data with an error of only 3.82%—4.84%, which provided data support for the optimization and development of gas sulfur reduction phosphogypsum process technology.

In this paper, phosphogypsum was taken as the research object. Firstly, the suitable calcination temperature was determined by differential thermal analysis, and the relationship between holding time, grinding fineness and AⅡ activity was studied. Secondly, in order to strengthen the hydration hardening and strength improvement of AⅡ, the combination of activator and surfactant was optimized and its synergistic excitation effect was investigated. The results showed that the combination of 2.0% potassium alum and 1.5‰ LA-1 had the best effect. The 28d compressive strength of 2.0% potassium alum, 2.0% potassium alum and 1.5‰ LA-1 was 26.1 MPa and 36.5 MPa, respectively, and the compressive strength increased by 38.71%. Through the change law of the hydration rate of the system and the absolute value of the zeta potential on the surface of the gypsum particles with the amount of surfactant, and the analysis of its microscopic morphology combined with SEM, the compound activator changed the absolute value of the zeta potential on the surface of the gypsum particles, accelerated the hydration of AII, and made a small amount of generated dihydrate gypsum crystal form from the original prismatic to a relatively small rod-like structure to fill in the interlaced pores of the prismatic crystal form, thereby forming a denser structure as a whole.

In order to alleviate the corrosion of pipeline equipment in the process of oil and gas gathering and transportation, the gemini imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was synthesized from oleic acid, hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine and 1,6-dichlorohexane. The structure of the inhibitor was characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The inhibition performance of the inhibitor was evaluated by static weight loss method and electrochemical method. The corrosion products were characterized and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electronic energy spectroscopy (EDS), and the inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor was discussed. The static weight loss experiment showed that when the concentration of gemini imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was 100mg/L, the corrosion rate of N80 carbon steel could be reduced to 0.0569mm/a at 40℃ in 5% NaCl saturated CO₂ aqueous solution and the corrosion inhibition rate could reach 90.74%. The polarization curve results indicated that the inhibitor belonged to a mixed inhibition inhibitor and the electrochemical corrosion current density was reduced from 122μA/cm² to 14.5μA/cm² with the corrosion inhibition rate of 88.11%. The results of AC impedance spectroscopy found that the inhibitor could adsorb on the metal surface and change the interface property of the metal/solution, and thus slowing down the corrosion reaction. The inhibition rate was 88.95%, which was in good agreement with the results of static weight loss and polarization curve tests. XPS, SEM and EDS test results showed that the gemini imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt inhibitor could form an adsorption film on the surface of N80 carbon steel to slow down the corrosion.

A brand-new pollutant in the aquatic environment is microplastics. Microplastic removal by conventional water treatment techniques was more constrained. The advantages of economic and environmental protection and high removal efficiency are demonstrated by the effective adsorption of microplastics with a low spontaneous desorption rate on the diversified microporous structure, high hydrophobicity and high carbon content of biochar. However, there are still some issues, such as the inability to eliminate and breakdown microplastics and the low application of biochar in multiple environments. In this review, the current state of microplastic water pollution and conventional water treatment techniques for removing them were overviewed. Firstly, the research progress of microplastic removal by adsorption on biochar was introduced, focusing on the characteristics, action mechanism and affecting factors of biochar. Secondly, the effects of physicochemical characteristics of biochar (raw materials, preparation conditions and modification methods) and microplastics (species, grain size and structural traits), and environmental factors (pH, coexisting ion and dissolved organic matter) on adsorption behavior were summarized. The current state of biochar and microplastic coexistence in soils was described. Finally, in order to provide theoretical support for the biochar removal of common microplastics from various water bodies, some recommendations were proposed for future research, including uniform microplastic classification for targeted development of biochar materials, improved experimental conditions to more accurately simulate the real world, exploration of the mechanisms of synergistic effects of biochar and microplastics, and a focus on biochar recycling.

The presence of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients leads to eutrophication of water. Biochar has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, high thermal stability, and abundant surface functional groups, and presents good performance in adsorption and removal of pollutants in water. In recent years, biochar has received much attention as an economical and efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, however, various biochar exhibits the different adsorption performance in recovering nitrogen or phosphorus in water. This paper reviewes the adsorption performance of biochar prepared and modified from various waste biomasses on nitrogen and phosphorus in water, discusses the factors affecting the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by different types of biochar, ambient temperature, solution pH and coexisting ions, and summarizes the main mechanisms for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by biochar. In the meantime, the challenges faced in practical applications are pointed out, and further the future research directions of biochar are also prospected, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the practical use of biochar for the adsorption and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.

The printing and dyeing industry consumes a lot of water and produces a large amount of dye wastewater, which limits the green and sustainable development of the textile industry. As a new separation technology, nanofiltration (NF) which utilizes NF membrane as a medium to separate dyes from dye wastewater has been widely used in recent years due to its high separation efficiency and low energy consumption. The dyes in dying wastewater can be separated and recycled without dye degradation during the NF process. However, the NF membrane still has the problems, such as low flux rate, poor thermal stability and poor antifouling ability. In this review, the research progress of preparation and modification of NF membrane for dying wastewater treatment is reviewed. Firstly, the preparation methods of NF membrane including phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, co-deposition, layer-by-layer self-assembly, surface coating and surface grafting are introduced. Secondly, the modification of NF membranes, such as hydrophilic modification, chlorine resistance modification, antibacterial modification, high mechanical properties and thermal stable NF membrane is summarized. Furthermore, the challenges of NF membranes in preparation and application in harsh environments are pointed out. Finally, some perspectives on promising methods for improving the performance of NF membrane are provided.

The primary causes of the low efficiency and limited use of conventional photocatalysts in the degradation of organic pollutants in water are the low effective utilisation of visible light and the fast recombination rate of photogenerated charge carrier. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a novel nano-zero-dimensional material that modifies semiconductor photocatalysts, can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers, speed up the separation and transfer of carriers, improve the spectral response range, improve the performance of adsorption, promote the reduction of transition metals in the indirect oxidation process and effectively enhance the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water. This paper reviewed the application of CQDs modified semiconductor composite photocatalyst materials in the degradation of various organic pollutants in water. It focused on the synthesis strategy of CQDs and its modified semiconductor composite photocatalyst materials as well as the enhancement of CQDs in multiphase photocatalytic systems. Furthermore, a brief description was given of the effects of the photocatalytic experimental parameters and the modification of CQDs on the photocatalytic reaction activity. Finally, this paper summarized the unresolved issues during the development of CQDs modified semiconductor composite photocatalysts and gave an outlook on the future development direction.

In view of the "double carbon" policy goal proposed by China, taking a 350MW pulverized coal/biomass gas mixed combustion boiler as the research object, the effects of biomass gas blending ratio and air classification technology on the furnace temperature, NO _x and CO₂ generation and the burnout characteristics of pulverized coal were numerically simulated. The results showed that the temperature of the main burner zone will be reduced by increasing the blending amount of biomass gas and the air classification technology. The temperature will be reduced from 1539K to 1266K, and the flame center in the furnace will move upward. Due to the comprehensive factors such as the increase of the reducing atmosphere medium in the furnace, the decrease of the temperature in the main burner area, the large proportion of N₂ in the biomass gas and the small proportion of CO₂, the pulverized coal/biomass gas co-combustion combined with air classification technology can synergistically reduced the emissions of NO _x and CO₂, with NO _x emissions reduced from 345μL/L to 88μL/L, and CO₂ emissions reduced from 22.90% to 10.67%.However, the mixing of pulverized coal and biomass gas will reduce the residence time of pulverized coal particles in the furnace. It was recommended to increase the burnout rate of pulverized coal by increasing the furnace height, reduced the particle size of pulverized coal particles, and pretreated the biomass gas to a higher temperature. The research results can provided technical support for low nitrogen and low carbon operation of pulverized coal/biomass gas co-fired boiler.

To achieve stable removal of cadmium (Cd) from acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate-reducing process, inspired by the phenomenon of sulfate-reducing bacteria-induced biomineralization in nature, we used the domesticated sulfate-reducing activated sludge as seed in an upflow anaerobic reactor to achieve the stable mineralization of Cd in AMD by maintaining the concentration ratio of COD to SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}-} at 2∶1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 72h. A stable mineralization of Cd²⁺ in AMD with 100% solidification rate and no leaching of Cd²⁺ was observed for a continuous period of 36d. The sludge characterization showed that the S^2- produced by sulfate reduction transferred Cd²⁺ from the wastewater to the sludge, the Cd in the sludge was gradually transformed from the unstable state (exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn-oxidized or sulfide-bound) to stable state (residue), and formed a large amount of isolated micron Cd-sulfide ore on the sludge surface. The microbial community structure analysis showed that the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Desulfuromonas, Acinetobacter and Delftia in the reactor increased significantly, speculating that these bacteria metabolized synergistically to achieve stable mineralization of Cd. This indicates that sulfate-reducing activated sludge can achieve stable removal of Cd from AMD through mineralization, providing a new idea for the efficient and stable removal of heavy metal and resource recovery from AMD.

In order to clarify whether the use of porous asphalt mixture containing municipal solid waste incinerated-bottom ash aggregate (MSWI-BAA) as a permeable asphalt pavement structural layer material would pollute the surrounding environment due to the heavy metals leaching from MSWI-BAA, this paper designed a simulated laboratory experiment based on the characteristics of temperature and rainfall in Nanjing City. Three particle sizes of MSWI-BAA were used in porous asphalt mixtures with optimal contents according to the former studies. The leaching behaviors of four heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr) from porous asphalt mixture containing MSWI-BAA under different temperatures and stormwater runoff flow rates were investigated, focusing on the influence mechanism of runoff flow rate on the leaching behaviors. The results showed that the leaching concentration of each heavy metal had different trends with leaching time and stormwater runoff flow rates, in which the leaching level of Pb was the highest, followed by Cu and Cr, and Zn was the lowest (below detectable limit). The leaching concentrations of heavy metals were significantly influenced by the runoff flow rate. The leaching concentrations of Pb, Cr and Cu were significantly positively correlated with the runoff flow rate. The higher the flow rate, the higher the leaching concentrations. The change of temperature had a significant effect on the leaching concentration of Cu, which increased with the increase of temperature. The leaching concentrations of all heavy metals throughout the 28d experiment were obviously lower than the standard limits of GB 5084—2021 and met the Class Ⅲ surface water quality standard of GB 3838—2002, indicating that the use of porous asphalt mixture containing MSWI-BAA in the Sponge City construction in Nanjing was environmental friendly.

NaX zeolite was synthesized from coal gangue using sodium hydroxide alkaline fusion hydrothermal method, and then modified by cationic surfactant didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB). Modified zeolite (SMZ) was characterized by BET, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Response surface methodology using central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) concentration, initial pH and adsorbent dosage on the removal effectiveness of HA by SMZ and determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The results showed that the surface of SMZ becomes rough, and DDAB was successfully loaded on the surface. The order of influencing factors on adsorption effect was as follows: pH>HA concentration>adsorbent dosage. An optimum adsorption conditions with 88.71% HA removal efficiency were HA concentration 10mg/L, pH 4.55, and adsorbent dosage (modified zeolite) 5.5g/L. The adsorption capacity of modified zeolite for HA was significantly improved after modification, which had potential application value for HA removal from water.

Adhesion is one of the main characteristics of sludge, which has an important impact on sludge treatment and disposal. The thickness of liquid film on sludge surface is one of the important indicators affecting sludge adhesion. Therefore, a method of measuring the thickness of sludge liquid membrane with a circuit probe is proposed in this study. Firstly, the feasibility of the method was verified by pure activated alumina. On this basis, the measurement parameters of sludge liquid membrane were optimized, including measuring voltage, the area and the thickness of the sludge cake. Finally, the optimized method was applied to the measurement of the thickness of the cathodic liquid film of sludge after electroosmotic treatment, and the effects of sludge moisture content, electroosmosis voltage and exerting time on the thickness of sludge cathode liquid film were studied. The results showed that the optimum measuring voltage of sludge liquid membrane was 3V, the optimum sludge cake area was 50mm×50mm, and the optimum sludge cake thickness was 5mm. The measurement results of cathodic liquid film thickness of sludge electroosmosis showed that the water content had little effect on the cathodic liquid film thickness in the range of 60%—80% water content, but the electroosmosis voltage and time had significant effects. Under different water content, the cathodic liquid film reached its maximum at 30V of electroosmotic voltage and 15s of exerting time. The thickness of liquid film produced from different osmotic conditions was in the range of 0.152—0.531mm.

Rod-shaped Bi₂S₃-modified TiO₂ nanocone (TNCs) photoanode materials were successfully prepared using a two-step hydrothermal method, which explored the optimal loading by adjusting the sulfur content and were used to simulate the degrading oxytetracycline in visible light. The crystalline shape, elemental valence, surface morphology, and photoelectric and electrochemical properties of Bi₂S₃/TNCs photoanodes were characterized in detail. The results found that the photoanodes of Bi₂S₃/TNCs significantly improved the photoelectrocatalytic performance and exhibited lower charge transfer resistance. The photocurrent density was about three times higher than that of TNCs. The test results of UV-vis spectrophotometer at 355nm indicated that the Bi₂S₃/TNCs photoanode successfully degraded 80.3% oxytetracycline within 90 minutes and maintained good stability after 5 cycles. In addition, a possible photoelectric catalytic degradation mechanism was proposed for the experimental analysis of band gap energy, valence band spectrum, Mott-Schottky curve and radical trapping. These results showed that Bi₂S₃/TNCs photoanode had great potential for degrading antibiotics.

To explore the feasibility of modified cationic resin for efficient removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from water, a new magnetic cationic resin (MCER) was prepared and characterized in this paper. The removal efficiency and influencing factors (pH and ionic strength) of MCER on Cu(Ⅱ) were investigated. The adsorption behavior of Cu(Ⅱ) on MCER resin was analyzed using adsorption kinetics and intraparticle diffusion models. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) on MCER resin was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The results showed that MCER displayed a better removal effect on Cu(Ⅱ) than CER resin with the removal rate over 86.7%. The adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) was strongly dependent on the pH, and the adsorption capacity of the resin on Cu(Ⅱ) increased significantly with the increase of pH. The adsorption kinetics and intraparticle diffusion model indicated that the adsorption process was consistent with pseudo first-order adsorption kinetics, and its adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) included various processes such as intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. In addition, the acid resistance and reusability of the resin were evaluated, and the MCER resin had good potential for application. The adsorption mechanism of MCER resin for Cu(Ⅱ) mainly involved hydrogen bonding and electrostatic adsorption.

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) can be utilized in a wide range of humidity. It is considered an effective way to alleviate the global fresh water shortage. The key to increase capability of SAWH system is the selection and development of adsorbents. In this paper, potassium formate and sodium acetate were impregnated to silica sol supported activated carbon fibers respectively, and composite adsorbents AS/pf and AS/S were developed. Their adsorption/desorption properties, potential daily water productivity and economic performance were studied and compared to adsorbent impregnated with lithium chloride (AS/L). Under the same adsorption and desorption conditions, adsorption and desorption rate coefficients of AS/pf were 108% and 161% higher than AS/L, while those of AS/S increased by 131% and 155%, respectively. Considering the cost of composite adsorbents and potential daily water productivity, AS/S was especially suitable for rapid-cycling SAWH systems when an adsorption-desorption cycle was no more than 3h. When the cycling time was longer than 3h, carefully selection between AS/S and AS/L was needed according to the conditions of practical projects.

201×7 strong basic anion resin was used to investigate the effects of circulating adsorption times, solution concentration and solution flow rate on the penetration time and saturation capacity of uranium adsorbed by a fixed bed dynamic adsorption. Dynamic circulating adsorption-desorption-transformation test of resin adsorb uranium was carried out. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA) were characterized and analyzed on the resins surface before and after adsorption. Content of impurity elements in saturated resin and lean resin was tested to discuss physicochemical mechanism of resins "poisoned" and effective detoxification method. The kinetic model of uranium adsorption by resin was deduced theoretically and the experimental data were fitted to verify the accuracy of the model. The results showed that penetration time and saturated adsorption capacity of resins was seriously impacted by times of circulating adsorption, concentration of adsorbed solution and flow rate of adsorbed solution. When the dynamic circulating adsorption-desorption-transformation times reached to 10, resins surface and pores attached sediment and internal functional group accumulated with PO₄^3-, Mo, SiO₂ and other impurities, resulting in resin "poisoned". Compare to first circulating time, the resins adsorption saturation capacity decreased by 13.7% and the desorption solution concentration peak decreased by 28.9%. Resin "poisoned" was mainly precipitate blocking resin channel, resulting in the physical failure of the functional group, and impurities elements occupied the functional group, leading to the chemical failure of the functional group. After resins detoxified by NaOH, the saturated adsorption capacity of resins increased by 9.9% and desorption rate of the resins reached to 99.8% compared with that before detoxification, and the resins had strong stability. The fixed bed adsorption kinetic model derived from the theory can describe the kinetic process of uranium adsorption by resin with high fitting accuracy.