酸性环境中甲醇电氧化催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲醇的电催化氧化是直接甲醇燃料电池的核心反应，高效、长寿命的阳极催化剂的开发是直接甲醇燃料电池研究的一个重要方向。本文总结了近年来酸性环境中直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展，包括甲醇电催化反应机理、催化剂的设计合成及其应用。重点介绍了铂基催化剂纳米材料活性和稳定性的增强策略，如组分调控、形貌调控、非金属掺杂以及氧化物的协同催化、载体材料的选用等。最后，对阳极催化剂目前仍存在的制备成本高、催化剂耐久性不足、表征技术有限等问题进行了分析讨论，并对阳极催化剂未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 燃料电池, 甲醇电催化反应, 催化剂, 酸性环境, 纳米材料

Abstract:

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol is the core reaction of the direct methanol fuel cell, and the development of efficient and long-life anode catalysts is an important research direction of direct methanol fuel cell. This article summarizes the recent research progress of anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells in acidic environments, including methanol electrocatalytic reaction mechanism, catalyst design, synthesis and application. The focus is on the strategies for enhancing the activity and stability of platinum-based nanomaterials, such as composition tuning, shape control, non-metallic doping, taking advantage of the synergistic effects of oxides and the careful selection of supporting materials. In addition, this paper outlines the current problems of anode catalysts including high production cost, insufficient durability and incomplete characterization techniques, and then proposes some research areas for the development of advanced anode catalysts.

Key words: fuel cell, methanol oxidation reaction, catalyst, acidic environment, nanomaterials

中图分类号:

O643

余素云, 梁乐程, 崔志明. 酸性环境中甲醇电氧化催化剂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4962-4974.

YU Suyun, LIANG Lecheng, CUI Zhiming. Recent advances of nanostructured catalysts for methanol oxidation in acidic solution[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4962-4974.

图/表 7

图1 Pt-g-C3N4-CNT复合材料对甲醇氧化反应的电催化活性[31]（0.5mol/L H2SO4+1mol/L CH3OH，扫描速度为20mV·s-1）

图2 PtRu合金纳米晶体的合成路线[60]

图3 以PtRu/PC（多孔石墨碳)–H（高温）、PtRu/PC（多孔石墨碳)?–L（低温）、商业PtRu/C和商用Pt/C为阳极催化剂的燃料电池的稳态极化和功率密度曲线[52]

图4 PtPb纳米颗粒的透射电子显微镜图[73]

图5 金属间PtSn纳米粒子在乙二醇中于200℃时可能的生长机理[79]

图6 相对于RHE，在pH=0.25、U=0.88V的非应变Pt(100)和拉伸Pt(100)表面上，MOR的计算反应路径[80][所有基本步骤都涉及（H++e-）对的解离，插图是中间体的优化结构]Pt—黄色；C—黑色；O—红色；H—白色

图7 负载在N掺杂石墨烯上的Pt3Sn-SnO2合成策略[101]

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