基于微藻培养的沼液处理相关耦合技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于微藻培养的沼液处理相关耦合技术是近些年沼液资源化处理利用领域的研究热点。本文综述了沼液处理与CO₂固定耦合技术、沼液处理与高值生物质生产耦合技术、沼液处理与生态农业耦合技术等耦合技术的研究发展现状与优缺点，并指出了各耦合技术发展的关键问题，如沼液处理与CO₂固定耦合技术中高CO₂耐受性藻株选育与固碳影响机理研究问题、沼液处理与高值生物质生产耦合技术中低成本、低能耗高值生物质生产技术开发问题、沼液处理与生态农业耦合技术系统性评价体系缺乏问题等。最后，为促进耦合技术突破现有瓶颈，从微藻选育、微藻培养、沼液处理与沼气工程综合经济性4个角度提出相关的建议。

关键词: 沼液处理, 微藻养殖, 生物质能源, 资源化利用, 耦合技术

Abstract:

Recently, more attentions have been paid to the coupling technologies of biogas slurry treatment based on microalgae cultivation in the field of utilization of biogas slurry. In this paper, both recent progress and future direction of the coupling technologies were summarized. Then, the key areas of the development of coupling technology were also pointed out, such as the high CO₂ tolerance algae breeding and study on the mechanism of carbon sequestration in coupling technology of biogas slurry treatment and CO₂ fixation, low cost and low energy consumption technology development of high-quality biomass production in coupling technology of biogas slurry treatment and high-quality biomass production, systematic evaluation system lacking in coupling technology of biogas slurry treatment and ecological agriculture. Finally, the prospects were reviewed from four points to promote coupling technologies to break through the existing bottlenecks, which are microalgae breeding, microalgae cultivation, biogas slurry treatment, and comprehensive economy of biogas engineering.

Key words: biogas slurry treatment, microalgae cultivation, biomass energy, resource utilization, coupling technology

中图分类号:

S216.4

郭沛, 马荣江, 余南阳, 袁艳平. 基于微藻培养的沼液处理相关耦合技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(02): 1027-1037.

Pei GUO, Rongjiang MA, Nanyang YU, Yanping YUAN. Recent progress in coupling technologies of biogas slurry treatment based on microalgae cultivation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(02): 1027-1037.

图/表 8

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原料	油脂质量分数/%	油脂产量/L·hm^-2·a^-1
大豆	15~20	446
向日葵	25~35	952
油菜籽	38~46	1190
花生	45~55	1059
玉米	48	72
棕榈树	30~60	5950
微藻（低油成分）	30	58700
微藻（中油成分）	50	97800
微藻（高油成分）	70	136900

原料	油脂质量分数/%	油脂产量/L·hm^-2·a^-1
大豆	15~20	446
向日葵	25~35	952
油菜籽	38~46	1190
花生	45~55	1059
玉米	48	72
棕榈树	30~60	5950
微藻（低油成分）	30	58700
微藻（中油成分）	50	97800
微藻（高油成分）	70	136900

废水类型	藻种	生物量 /g·L^-1	油脂含量 /mg·L^-1	参考文献
市政污水	Chlorella sp.227	0.666	206.1^①	[56]
市政污水	Nannochloropsis sp.	0.212	63.6	[57]
市政二级出水	Chlorella sp., Micractinium sp., Actinastrum sp.	0.812	73.08	[58]
市政二级出水	Neochloris oleoabundans OU2	0.68	—	[59]
豆腐厂废水（20%）	Chlorella vulgaris	0.758	166.8	[60]
豆腐厂废水（30%）	Chlorella vulgaris	0.827	191.9	[60]
造纸厂废水和市政污水（1∶1）	Scenedesmus dimorphus	0.92	220.8	[61]
牛场废水	Chroococcus sp.1	3.83	—	[62]
秸秆厌氧发酵液	Chorella pyrenoidosa	1.45	270.9	[63]
猪场厌氧发酵液	Desmodesmus sp.	1.039	261.8	[64]

废水类型	藻种	生物量 /g·L^-1	油脂含量 /mg·L^-1	参考文献
市政污水	Chlorella sp.227	0.666	206.1^①	[56]
市政污水	Nannochloropsis sp.	0.212	63.6	[57]
市政二级出水	Chlorella sp., Micractinium sp., Actinastrum sp.	0.812	73.08	[58]
市政二级出水	Neochloris oleoabundans OU2	0.68	—	[59]
豆腐厂废水（20%）	Chlorella vulgaris	0.758	166.8	[60]
豆腐厂废水（30%）	Chlorella vulgaris	0.827	191.9	[60]
造纸厂废水和市政污水（1∶1）	Scenedesmus dimorphus	0.92	220.8	[61]
牛场废水	Chroococcus sp.1	3.83	—	[62]
秸秆厌氧发酵液	Chorella pyrenoidosa	1.45	270.9	[63]
猪场厌氧发酵液	Desmodesmus sp.	1.039	261.8	[64]

技术类型	主要技术手段	特点	参考文献
微藻高密度培养技术	固定化培养	易收获、产量稳定、成本低	[87]
	连续化培养	微藻生长状态稳定、产量高、培养成本高	[88]
微藻采收技术	化学法：絮凝、电凝	应用广泛、效果较好	[89]
	物理法：离心、膜过滤、气浮收获	操作简单、投入少但能耗较高
微藻干燥技术	冻干、喷雾、鼓风、自然风干	自然风干受天气影响较大且易受污染；其他方法成本较高，但成分破坏较少	[65]
微藻细胞破壁技术	物理法：超声波处理、高压均质、珠磨	破碎效率高、能耗高、设备要求高	[90]
	酶法：酶处理	破碎效率一般，成本高	[91]
	化学法：酸处理、臭氧处理、反复冻溶	破碎效率一般，需化学物质，污染环境	[92]
微藻高值生物质提取技术	有机溶剂提取法	溶剂添加量大、提取效率低、技术简单	[28,93]
	超/亚临界萃取法	处理工艺能耗高、经济性较差、技术设备要求高
	原位萃取法	不需干燥、提取效率较高、技术不成熟